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Dugonginae
Dugongidae is a family in the order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (''Dugong dugon''), one recently extinct species, Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a number of extinct genera known from fossil records. Dugongidae's body weight ranges from 217 to 307 kg for juveniles, 334 to 424 kg for subadults, and 435 to 568.5 kg for adults. Oral temperatures for individual dugongs is determined from 24° to 34.2 °C. Heart rate readings are from 40 to 96 bpm and vary between individual dugongs. Respiration rate during the out-of-water phase is from 1 to 33. Taxonomy * Family DUGONGIDAE ** Genus †''Anisosiren'' ** Genus †''Caribosiren'' ** Genus †'' Indosiren'' ** Genus †''Lentiarenium'' ** Genus †''Kaupitherium'' ** Genus †'' Paralitherium'' ** Genus †''Priscosiren'' ** Genus †'' Prohalicore'' ** Genus †''Sirenavus'' ** Subfamily †Halitheriinae *** Genus †''Halitherium'' (''nomen dubium'') ** Subfamily D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lentiarenium
''Lentiarenium'' was an early sea cow from the Late Oligocene (Chattian) Linz-Melk Formation of Austria. Known since the mid 19th century, ''Lentiarenium'' was long considered to be a species of ''Halitherium'' until a 2016 analysis showed it to be distinct. History and naming The earliest discoveries of ''Lentiarenium'' date to the early 19th century, with a mandible, ribs, vertebrae and molars being found in sandpits of the city of Linz. Following communication between several researchers across multiple Austrian institutions, the remains were correctly identified as belonging to an extinct species of seacow by paleontologist Leopold Fitzinger, who would go on to describe the material in 1842. Fitzinger believed the bones to belong to the sirenian ''Halitherium'', described by Johann Jakob Kaup just four years prior. At the time of its description, it was thought to be the only sirenian of the area surrounding Linz. However additional finds from Upper Austria were made followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priscosiren
''Priscosiren'' is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in the west Atlantic and Puerto Rico during the early Oligocene (Chattian The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage ...).Jorge Vélez-Juarbe & Daryl P. Domning (2014) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region: X. Priscosiren atlantica, gen. et sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34:4, 951-964, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.815192 Description ''Priscosiren'' was diagnosed from other "halitheriine" dugongids by Velez-Juarbe and Domning (2014). Phylogeny ''Priscosiren'' is recovered by Velez-Juarbe and Domning (2014) as sister to the ''Metaxytherium'' + Hydrodamalinae and Dugonginae clades. References Oligocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 2014 Prehistoric placental genera {{P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirenia
The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea-cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The Sirenia currently comprise two distinct families: Dugongidae (the dugong and the now extinct Steller's sea cow) and Trichechidae (manatees, namely the Amazonian manatee, West Indian manatee, and West African manatee) with a total of four species. The Protosirenidae (Eocene sirenians) and Prorastomidae (terrestrial sirenians) families are extinct. Sirenians are classified in the clade Paenungulata, alongside the elephants and the hyraxes, and evolved in the Eocene 50 million years ago (mya). The Dugongidae diverged from the Trichechidae in the late Eocene or early Oligocene (30–35 mya). Sirenians grow to between in length and in weight. The historic Steller's sea cow was the largest known sirenian to have lived, and could reach lengths of and weights of . Sirenians have a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisosiren
''Anisosiren'' was an early sea cow from the Middle Eocene of Hungary. Location Fossils of ''Anisosiren'' are known from the Eocene deposits in Hungary.L. Kordos. 2002. Eocene sea cows (Sirenia, Mammalia) from Hungary. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 20:43-48 See also * Evolution of sirenians References Eocene sirenians Lutetian life Eocene mammals of Europe Fossils of Hungary Fossil taxa described in 1979 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corystosiren
''Corystosiren'' is an extinct genus of dugongid sirenian mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ... which existed in the waters of the Caribbean Basin during the early Pliocene. Fossils have been found in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, and Florida.D. P. Domning. 1990. Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region, IV. Corystosiren varguezi, gen. et sp. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(3):361-371 References Pliocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 1990 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crenatosiren
''Crenatosiren'' is an extinct genus of dugongid sirenian known from the late Oligocene (Chattian) of Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The type and only known species is ''Crenatosiren olseni''. Taxonomy ''Crenatosiren'' was originally named ''"Halitherium" olseni'' by Rinehart (1976), who described the species from marine deposits of the late Oligocene (Arikareean NALMA) Parachucla Formation in the Suwannee River in Hamilton County, Florida. Domning (1991) eventually recognized the taxon as more derived than the ''Halitherium'' type species and assigned it to the new genus ''Crenatosiren'', classifying it as a relative of the dugongid '' Rytiodus''.R. H. Reinhart. 1976Fossil sirenians and desmostylids from Florida and elsewhere Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 20(4):187-300 The genus name is derived from the Latin words ''crenatus'' (meaning 'notched') and ''siren''. More specimens of ''C. olseni'' were later found in the Ashley and Chandler B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callistosiren
''Callistosiren'' is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in what is now Puerto Rico during the late Oligocene (Chattian The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage ...).J. Velez-Juarbe and D. P. Domning. 2015. Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. XI. Callistosiren boriquensis, gen. et sp. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e885034 References Oligocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 2015 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharatisiren
''Bharatisiren'' is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in what is now India during the early Miocene (Aquitanian) period. Taxonomy The type species of ''Bharatisiren'', ''B. kachchhebsis'', was originally named as a species of ''Metaxytherium ''Metaxytherium'' is an extinct genus of dugong that lived from the Oligocene until the end of the Pliocene. Fossil remains have been found in Africa, Europe, North America and South America. Generally marine seagrass specialists, they inhabite ...'', ''M. kachchhebsis'', by Bajpai et al. (1987) from the Aquitanian-age Khari Nadi Formation of western India. Bajpai and Domning (1997). however, judged ''M. kachchhensis'' generically distinct enough from the ''Metaxytherium'' type species to warrant its own genus, ''Bharatisiren''.S. Bajpai and D. P. Domning. 1997. A new dugongine sirenian from the early Miocene of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(1):219-228. References Miocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halitherium
''Halitherium'' is an extinct dugongid sea cow that arose in the late Eocene, then became extinct during the early Oligocene. Its fossils are common in European shales. Inside its flippers were finger bones that did not stick out. ''Halitherium'' also had the remnants of back legs, which did not show externally. However, it did have a basic femur, joined to a reduced pelvis. ''Halitherium'' also had elongated ribs, presumably to increase lung capacity to provide fine control of buoyancy. A 2014 review presented the opinion that the genus is dubious. Classification ''Halitherium'' is the type genus of the subfamily Halitheriinae, which includes the well-known genera ''Eosiren'' and ''Eotheroides'' and lived from the Eocene to the Oligocene. Taxonomy The genus ''Halitherium'' has had a confusing nomenclatural history. It was originally coined by Johann Jakob Kaup on the basis of a premolar from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) of southern Germany, but Kaup himself mistakenly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirenavus
''Sirenavus'' was an early sea cow from the Eocene of Hungary ( Eger-Kis-Eged, Felsogalla, Felsotarkany and Urom). Location Fossils of ''Sirenavus'' are known from the Eocene deposits in Hungary.L. Kordos. 2002. Eocene sea cows (Sirenia, Mammalia) from Hungary. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 20:43-48 See also *Evolution of sirenians Sirenia is the order of placental mammals which comprises modern "sea cows" (manatees and the Dugong) and their extinct relatives. They are the only extant herbivorous marine mammals and the only group of herbivorous mammals to have become com ... References Eocene sirenians Lutetian life Bartonian life Priabonian life Eocene mammals of Europe Fossils of Hungary Fossil taxa described in 1941 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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