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Duboisia
:''The orchid genus described by Karsten as ''Duboisia'' is now included in ''Myoxanthus. For the prehistoric antelope genus, see ''Duboisia (antelope).'' ''Duboisia'' (commonly called corkwood tree) is a genus of small perennial shrubs and trees that grow up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with extremely light wood and a thick corky bark. There are four species; all occur in Australia, and one also occurs in New Caledonia. The alternate, glabrous leaves are narrow and elliptical. The inflorescence is an open cymose panicle of apically small white flowers, sometimes with a purple or mauve striped tube. They flower profusely in spring. The fruit is a small, globular, black, juicy berry. Aboriginal Australians sometimes chew the nicotine-containing leaves of ''Duboisia hopwoodii'' (see entry on ''pituri'') mixed with wood ash for their stimulant and, after extended use, depressant effects. The leaves of ''Duboisia leichhardtii'' and ''Duboisia myoporoides'' also contain scopolamine a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pituri
Pituri, also known as mingkulpa, is a mixture of leaves and wood ash traditionally chewed as a stimulant (or, after extended use, a depressant) by Aboriginal Australians widely across the continent. Leaves are gathered from any of several species of native tobacco (''Nicotiana'') or from at least one distinct population of the species ''Duboisia hopwoodii''. Various species of ''Acacia'', ''Grevillea'' and ''Eucalyptus'' are burned to produce the ash. The term "pituri" may also refer to the plants from which the leaves are gathered or from which the ash is made. Some authors use the term to refer only to the plant ''Duboisia hopwoodii'' and its leaves and any chewing mixture containing its leaves.Silcock JL, Tischler M, Smith MA"Quantifying the Mulligan River Pituri, ''Duboisia hopwoodii'' ((F.Muell.) F.Muell.) (Solanaceae), Trade of Central Australia."''Ethnobotany Research & Applications''. 2012; 10:037-044. Retrieved 30 April 2015. History The earliest record of Aboriginal ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duboisia Arenitensis
:''The orchid genus described by Karsten as ''Duboisia'' is now included in '' Myoxanthus. For the prehistoric antelope genus, see '' Duboisia (antelope).'' ''Duboisia'' (commonly called corkwood tree) is a genus of small perennial shrubs and trees that grow up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with extremely light wood and a thick corky bark. There are four species; all occur in Australia, and one also occurs in New Caledonia. The alternate, glabrous leaves are narrow and elliptical. The inflorescence is an open cymose panicle of apically small white flowers, sometimes with a purple or mauve striped tube. They flower profusely in spring. The fruit is a small, globular, black, juicy berry. Aboriginal Australians sometimes chew the nicotine-containing leaves of '' Duboisia hopwoodii'' (see entry on ''pituri'') mixed with wood ash for their stimulant and, after extended use, depressant effects. The leaves of '' Duboisia leichhardtii'' and '' Duboisia myoporoides'' also contain scopo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duboisia Leichhardtii
:''The orchid genus described by Karsten as ''Duboisia'' is now included in '' Myoxanthus. For the prehistoric antelope genus, see '' Duboisia (antelope).'' ''Duboisia'' (commonly called corkwood tree) is a genus of small perennial shrubs and trees that grow up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with extremely light wood and a thick corky bark. There are four species; all occur in Australia, and one also occurs in New Caledonia. The alternate, glabrous leaves are narrow and elliptical. The inflorescence is an open cymose panicle of apically small white flowers, sometimes with a purple or mauve striped tube. They flower profusely in spring. The fruit is a small, globular, black, juicy berry. Aboriginal Australians sometimes chew the nicotine-containing leaves of '' Duboisia hopwoodii'' (see entry on ''pituri'') mixed with wood ash for their stimulant and, after extended use, depressant effects. The leaves of '' Duboisia leichhardtii'' and '' Duboisia myoporoides'' also contain scopo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duboisia (antelope)
''Duboisia santeng'' or Dubois' antelope is an extinct antelope-like bovid that was endemic to Indonesia during the Pleistocene. It went extinct during the Ionian stage of the Pleistocene, about 750.000 years ago. ''Duboisia santeng'' was first described by the Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist Eugène Dubois in 1891.Christine Hertler/ Yan Rizal (2005): Excursion guide to the Pleistocene Hominid sites in Central and East Java, JW Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany/ ITB, Bandung, Indonesia The species is most closely related to the modern Nilgai-antelope (''Boselaphus tragocamelus'') and the Four-horned antelope (''Tetracerus quadricornis''). ''Antilope modjokertensis'' is a junior synonym for ''Duboisia santeng''.Fossil Bovidae from the Malay archipelago and the Punjab by Dr. D. A. Hooijer, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden Description It was a small to middle-sized antelope, with body mass estimates ranging from 32 kg to 84 kg, with an average ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duboisia Hopwoodii
''Duboisia hopwoodii'' is a shrub native to the arid interior region of Australia. Common names include pituri, pitchuri thornapple or pitcheri. Description The species has an erect habit, usually growing to between 1 and 3 metres in height, with long, narrow leaves. Flowers are white and bell-shaped with violet-striped throats. These appear between June and November in the species' native range followed by purple-black, rounded berries which are 3 to 6 mm in diameter. Like other members of the Solanaceae family such as tobacco, ''D. hopwoodii'' contains nicotine. Pituri Indigenous Australians mix the dried leaves of a small population of ''D. hopwoodii'' growing around the Mulligan River with wood ash to make a variety of pituri, the traditional Aboriginal chewing mixture. ''D. hopwoodii'' plants from this region are high in nicotine and low in nornicotine, whereas those found in some other parts of Australia can have very high levels of nornicotine and are sometimes use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duboisia Myoporoides
''Duboisia myoporoides'', or corkwood, is a shrub or tree native to high-rainfall areas on the margins of rainforest in eastern Australia. It has a thick and corky bark. The leaves are obovate to elliptic in shape, 4–15 cm long and 1–4 cm wide. The small white flowers are produced in clusters. This is followed by globose purple-black berries (not edible). Uses The leaves are a commercial source of pharmaceutically useful alkaloids. The same alkaloids render all plant parts poisonous. The leaves contain a number of alkaloids, including hyoscine (scopolamine), used for treating motion sickness, stomach disorders, and the side effects of cancer therapy. A bush medicine developed by Aboriginal peoples of the eastern states of Australia from the tree was used by the Allies in World War II to stop soldiers getting seasick when they sailed across the English Channel during the Invasion of Normandy. Later, it was found that the same substance could be used in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolamine
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, or Devil's Breath, is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is formally used as a medication for treating motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva. When used by injection, effects begin after about 20 minutes and last for up to 8 hours. It may also be used orally and as a transdermal patch since it has been long known to have transdermal bioavailability Scopolamine is in the antimuscarinic family of drugs and works by blocking some of the effects of acetylcholine within the nervous system. Scopolamine was first written about in 1881 and started to be used for anesthesia around 1900. Scopolamine is also the main active component produced by certain plants of the nightshade family, which historically have been used as psychoactive drugs (known as '' deliriants'') due to their antimuscarinic-induced hallucinog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotine
Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and '' Duboisia hopwoodii'') and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits ( nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at ppb-concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and neonicotinoids (structurally similar to nicotine), such as imidaclopri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotianoideae
Nicotianoideae is a subfamily within the family ''Solanaceae''. Most genera are found in Australia, but they are also found in America and Africa. The subfamily contains eight genera and about 125 species, 90 of them are included in ''Nicotiana''. Genera: ''Anthocercis'' '' Anthotroche'' '' Crenidium'' '' Cyphanthera'' '' Duboisia'' ''Grammosolen'' ''Nicotiana'' ''Symonanthus ''Symonanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Laurence Arnold Robert Haegi in Telopea vol.2 on page 175 in 1981. The genus name of ''Symonanthus'' is in honour of David Eric Symo ...'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2852751 Asterid subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myoxanthus
''Myoxanthus'' (from Greek for "dormouse" and "flower") is a genus of orchids with about 50 species, widely distributed in Central and South America. This genus is a close ally of '' Pleurothallis''. The genera ''Chaetocephala'' Barb.Rodr., ''Dubois-Reymondia'' H.Karst., ''Duboisia'' H.Karst. and ''Reymondia'' H.Karst. Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (6 November 1817, in Stralsund – 10 July 1908, in Zoppot) was a German botanist and geologist. Born in Stralsund, he followed the example of Alexander von Humboldt and traveled 1844-56 the northern part of So ... & Kuntze have been included in ''Myoxanthus''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3308433 Pleurothallidinae genera Taxa named by Eduard Friedrich Poeppig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berry (botany)
In botany, a berry is a fleshy fruit without a stone (pit) produced from a single flower containing one ovary. Berries so defined include grapes, currants, and tomatoes, as well as cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas, but exclude certain fruits that meet the culinary definition of berries, such as strawberries and raspberries. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire outer layer of the ovary wall ripens into a potentially edible " pericarp". Berries may be formed from one or more carpels from the same flower (i.e. from a simple or a compound ovary). The seeds are usually embedded in the fleshy interior of the ovary, but there are some non-fleshy exceptions, such as peppers, with air rather than pulp around their seeds. Many berries are edible, but others, such as the fruits of the potato and the deadly nightshade, are poisonous to humans. A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous or baccate (a fruit that resembles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae, including henbane, mandrake, angel's trumpets, jimsonweed, tomato, the sorcerers' tree, and deadly nightshade. It is the levorotary isomer of atropine (third of the three major nightshade alkaloids) and thus sometimes known as levo-atropine. Brand names for hyoscyamine include Symax, HyoMax, Anaspaz, Egazil, Buwecon, Cystospaz, Levsin, Levbid, Levsinex, Donnamar, NuLev, Spacol T/S, and Neoquess. Uses Hyoscyamine is used to provide symptomatic relief of spasms caused by various lower abdominal and bladder disorders including peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, colic, and interstitial cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as for control of abnormal respiratory symptom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
