|
Doping At The Tour De France
There have been allegations of doping in the Tour de France since the race began in 1903. Early Tour riders consumed alcohol and used ether, among other substances, as a means of dulling the pain of competing in endurance cycling. Riders began using substances as a means of increasing performance rather than dulling the senses, and organizing bodies such as the ''Tour'' and the International Cycling Union (UCI), as well as government bodies, enacted policies to combat the practice. Use of performance-enhancing drugs in cycling predates the Tour de France. Cycling, having been from the start a sport of extremes, whether of speed by being paced by tandems, motorcycles and even cars, or of distance, the suffering involved encouraged the means to alleviate it. Not until after World War II were sporting or even particularly health issues raised. Those came shortly before the death of Tom Simpson in the Tour de France of 1967. Max Novich referred to the Tour de France in a 1973 issu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tour De Doping
Tour or Tours may refer to: Travel * Tourism, travel for pleasure * Tour of duty, a period of time spent in military service * Campus tour, a journey through a college or university's campus * Guided tour, a journey through a location, directed by a guide * Walking tour, a visit of a historical or cultural site undertaken on foot Entertainment * Concert tour, a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different locations * Touring theatre, independent theatre that travels to different venues Sports * Professional golf tours, otherwise unconnected professional golf tournaments * Tennis tour, tennis played in tournament format at a series of venues * Events in various sports named the Pro Tour (other) * Tour de France ('), the world's biggest bicycle race Places * Tour-de-Faure, Lot, France * Tour-en-Bessin, Calvados, France * Tour-en-Sologne, Loir-et-Cher, France * Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France * Tours-en-Savoie, Savoie, France * Tours-en-Vimeu, Somme, Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris–Brest–Paris
Paris–Brest–Paris (PBP) is a long-distance cycling event. It was originally a 1,200 km () bicycle race from Paris to Brest and back to Paris in 1891. The last time it was run as a race was 1951. The most recent edition of PBP was held on 18–22 August 2019. In 1931 amateur cyclists were separated from professionals. There are two independent long distance bicycle tours. One is the ''brevet'' (also called ''randonnée''), in which cyclists ride individually. The goal is to make it within 90 hours, but with no competition. This is held every four years. The other is an '' audax'' where cyclists ride in a group, held every five years. So in 1931 there were three independent cycling events, sharing the same route. The ''audax'' is organised by the Union des Audax Françaises, while the ''brevet'' is organised by the Audax Club Parisien. The ''brevet'' As in all ''brevet'' events, there is emphasis on self-sufficiency. Riders buy supplies anywhere along the course, but supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Dumas
Pierre Dumas (died Paris, 29 February 2000) was a French doctor who pioneered drug tests in the Olympic Games and cycling. He was doctor of the Tour de France from 1952 to 1969 and head of drug-testing at race until 1977. Background Dumas taught physical education at Reims from 1942. He then studied to become a doctor and joined the École Nationale de la Santé Publique in Paris in 1951. He was a short, stocky figure, a Greco-Roman wrestler who had a black belt in judo. He knew nothing more of cycling than he had read in the newspapers when in July 1952 he cancelled a climbing holiday in the Alps to become doctor at the Tour de France. Dumas remained head doctor of the Tour until 1972, when he handed over to Philippe Miserez. Tour de France Dumas came to the 1952 Tour de France when the original doctor pulled out. Dumas was a judoka rather than a cyclist and had none of the preconceptions established in cycling. He discovered a world in which He spoke of In the 1955 Tour de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dancing Mania
Dancing mania (also known as dancing plague, choreomania, St. John's Dance, tarantism and St. Vitus' Dance) was a social phenomenon that occurred primarily in mainland Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. It involved groups of people dancing erratically, sometimes thousands at a time. The mania affected adults and children who danced until they collapsed from exhaustion and injuries. One of the first major outbreaks was in Aachen, in the Holy Roman Empire (in modern-day Germany), in 1374, and it quickly spread throughout Europe; one particularly notable outbreak occurred in Strasbourg in 1518 in Alsace, also in the Holy Roman Empire (now France). Affecting thousands of people across several centuries, dancing mania was not an isolated event, and was well documented in contemporary reports. It was nevertheless poorly understood, and remedies were based on guesswork. Often musicians accompanied dancers, due to a belief that music would treat the mania, but this tactic som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Ville
Maurice Ville (30 October 1900 – 12 April 1982) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1924 Tour de France, where he finished 2nd in stages 1 and 2, but dropped out on the 3rd stage. He also won the 1923 Volta a Catalunya and finished 2nd in the 1924 Paris–Roubaix. Major results ;1923 : 1st Overall Volta a Catalunya ::1st Stages 1, 2 & 4 : 1st Stage 1 Critérium du Midi : 1st Stage 2 Paris–Saint-Étienne : 2nd Circuit des villes d'eaux d'Auvergne ;1924 : 1st Tour du Vaucluse : 2nd Paris–Roubaix : 2nd Overall Criterium des Aiglons : 5th Paris–Tours ;1927 : 1st Stage 1 Volta a Catalunya The Volta a Catalunya (; en, Tour of Catalonia, es, Vuelta a Cataluña, link=no) is a road bicycle race held annually in Catalonia, Spain. It is one of three World Tour stage races in Spain, together with the Vuelta a España and the Tour of th ... ;1928 : 1st Paris–Contres References External links * 1900 births 1982 deaths French male cyclists Sportspeople fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Pélissier
Francis Pélissier (13 June 1894 – 22 February 1959) was a French professional road racing cyclist from Paris. He was the younger brother of Tour de France winner Henri Pélissier, and the older brother of Tour de France stage winner Charles Pélissier. He won several classic cycle races like Paris–Tours, Bordeaux–Paris and Grand Prix Wolber. He also won the French National Road Race Championship three times (1921, 1923 and 1924) as well as two stages at the Tour de France. Major results ;1919 :Tour de France: ::Winner stage 3 : Nancy-Brussels ;1920 :Tour du Sud-Est ;1921 :Circuit Aisne-Oise : national road race champion : Paris–Tours ;1922 :Bordeaux–Paris ;1923 : national road race champion ;1924 : national road race champion :Bordeaux–Paris :Vuelta Ciclista al País Vasco ;1926 :GP Wolber :Critérium des As :Critérium International de Cyclo-cross, Cyclo-cross ;1927 :Tour de France: ::Winner stage 1 ::Wearing yellow jersey for five days See also * List of dopi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Pélissier
Henri Pélissier (; 22 January 1889 – 1 May 1935) was a French racing cyclist from Paris and champion of the 1923 Tour de France. In addition to his 29 career victories, he was known for his long-standing feud with Tour founder Henri Desgrange and for protesting against the conditions endured by riders in the early years of the Tour. He was killed by his lover with the gun that his wife had used to commit suicide. Background Pélissier was one of four brothers, three of whom became professional cyclists. He began racing professionally in 1911 and amassed important victories before the First World War, including the 1912 Milan–San Remo and three stages in the 1914 Tour de France. After the war he resumed competition, winning Paris–Roubaix in 1919 and the second (and final) running of the Circuit des Champs de Bataille in 1920. He entered the Tour de France in 1920 and for the next four years. Before the 1921 Paris–Roubaix, Pélissier and his brother Francis demanded their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coutances
Coutances () is a Communes of France, commune in the Manche Departments of France, department in Normandy (administrative region), Normandy in north-western France. History Capital of the Unelli, a Gauls, Gaulish tribe, the town was given the name of ''Constantia'' in 298 during the reign of Roman Emperor, Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus. The surrounding region, called in Latin the ''pagus Constantinus'', subsequently became known as the Cotentin Peninsula. The town was destroyed by invading Normans in 866; they later established settlements and incorporated the whole List of peninsulas, peninsula into the Duchy of Normandy in 933. On 17 July 1944, during the Battle of Normandy during World War II, the city was bombed during the Allied offensive against the occupying Germans. Geography Climate Coutances has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Coutances is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Petit Parisien
''Le Petit Parisien'' was a prominent French newspaper during the French Third Republic. It was published between 1876 and 1944, and its circulation was over two million after the First World War. Publishing Despite its name, the paper was circulated across France, and records showed claims that it had the biggest newspaper circulation in the world at this time. In May 1927, the paper fell into a media prank set up by Jean-Paul Sartre and his friends, announcing that Charles Lindbergh was going to be awarded as ''École Normale Supérieure'' honorary student. During the Second World War the paper, under the editorship of Claude Jeantet, was the official voice of the Vichy regime and in 1944 was briefly published by Jeantet in Nazi Germany before closing down. Background Prior to the twentieth century, newspapers were largely political such as Paris's La Presse (French newspaper), ''La Presse''. This is largely because newspapers held close ties with political parties in order to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Londres
Albert Londres (1 November 1884 – 16 May 1932) was a French journalist and writer. One of the inventors of investigative journalism, Londres not only reported news but created it, and reported it from a personal perspective. He criticized abuses of colonialism such as forced labour. Albert Londres gave his name to a journalism prize, the Prix Albert-Londres, for Francophone journalists. Biography Londres was born in Vichy in 1884. After finishing secondary school, he went to Lyon in 1901 to work as a bookkeeper, then moved to Paris in 1903. He wrote occasional articles for newspapers from his native region, and published his first poetry in 1904. The same year, he started as correspondent in Paris for the Lyon newspaper ''Le Salut Public''. Also in 1904, his daughter Florise was born, but his partner, Marcelle (Marie) Laforest, died one year later. In 1906 he became parliamentary correspondent for ''Le Matin''. His job was to listen to gossip in corridors of the French par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from alpha- methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. ''Amphetamine'' properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
