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Dongbeihua
Northeastern Mandarin ( or / ''Dōngběiguānhuà'' "Northeast Mandarin") is the subgroup of Mandarin varieties spoken in Northeast China with the exception of the Liaodong Peninsula and few enclaves along Amur and Ussuri rivers. The classification of Northeastern Mandarin as a separate dialect group from Beijing Mandarin was first proposed by Li Rong, author of the ''Language Atlas of China'', in 1989. However, many researchers do not accept the distinction. Geographical distribution Northeastern Mandarin varieties are spoken in the northeastern part of China, in the provinces of Liaoning (except its southern part from Dalian to Dandong where Jiaoliao Mandarin is spoken), Jilin and Heilongjiang, and in some northern parts of Inner Mongolia. The number of speakers was estimated in 1987 as 82 million. The ''Language Atlas of China'' divided Northeastern Mandarin into three subgroups, following a classification be Hè Wēi based on the occurrence of nasal initials in words hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilin
Jilin (; alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Primorsky Krai) to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west. Along with the rest of Northeast China, Jilin underwent an early period of industrialization. However, Jilin's economy, characterized by heavy industry, has been facing economic difficulties with privatization. This prompted the central government to undertake a campaign called "Revitalize the Northeast". The region contains large deposits of oil shale. Name The name "Jilin" originates from ''girin ula'' () , a Manchu phrase meaning "along the river", shortened to Kirin in English. This Manchu term was transcribed into ''jilin wula'' ( t , s ) in Chinese characters and shortened the first two characters, which are tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing Mandarin (division Of Mandarin)
In Chinese dialectology, Beijing Mandarin () refers to a major branch of Mandarin Chinese recognized by the ''Language Atlas of China'', encompassing a number of dialects spoken in areas of Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Tianjin, the most important of which is the Beijing dialect, which provides the phonological basis for Standard Chinese. Both Beijing Mandarin and its Beijing dialect are also called Beijingese. Classification Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin were proposed by Chinese linguist Li Rong as two separate branches of Mandarin in the 1980s. In Li's 1985 paper, he suggested using tonal reflexes of Middle Chinese checked tone characters as the criterion for classifying Mandarin dialects. In this paper, he used the term "Beijing Mandarin" () to refer the dialect group in which checked tone characters with a voiceless initial have dark level, light level, rising and departing tone reflexes. He chose the name Beijing Mandarin as this Mandarin group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanai Language
The Nanai language (also called Gold, Goldi, or Hezhen) is spoken by the Nanai people in Siberia, and to a much smaller extent in China's Heilongjiang province, where it is known as Hezhe. The language has about 1,400 speakers out of 17,000 ethnic Nanai, but most (especially the younger generations) are also fluent in Russian or Chinese, and mostly use one of those languages for communication. Nomenclature In China, the language is referred to as ''Hèzhéyǔ'' (Chinese: ). The Nanai people there variously refer to themselves as /na nio/, , /na nai/ (which all mean "local people"), , and , the last being the source of the Chinese ethnonym ''Hezhe''. Distribution The language is distributed across several distantly-located areas: * Middle/lower Amur dialects (Naykhin, Dzhuen, Bolon, Ekon, etc.): the areas along the Amur River below Khabarovsk (Nanai, Amursk, Solnechny and Komsomolsk districts of Khabarovsk Krai); * Kur-Urmi dialect: the area around the city of Khabarovsk (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udege Language
The Udege language (also Udihe language, Udekhe language, Udeghe language) is the language of the Udege people. It is a member of the Tungusic family. History Previously an oral language, in 1931 an alphabet was created for writing Udege as a part of latinisation in the Soviet Union. In 1938 the policy of latinisation was reversed and the written Udige language was banned by Soviet authorities. Books in Udihe were collected and burned. , an Udige language author and translator was declared an enemy of the people and executed. Vocabulary Udege contains a variety of loanwords from the closely related Nanai language, which have supplanted some older Udege vocabulary, such as: * anixe(thank you), from Nanai anixa instead of Udege sasa!-- are these also IPA?--> * (work), from Nanai , instead of Udege * (book) from Nanai , itself a loanword from zh, 檔子 (Pinyin: ), which actually means "file, records, archives" In general, a large degree of mutual assimilation of the two la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing Dialect
The Beijing dialect (), also known as Pekingese and Beijingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, the official language in the People's Republic of China and Republic of China (Taiwan) and one of the official languages in Singapore. Despite the similarity to Standard Chinese, it is characterized by some "iconic" differences, including the addition of a final rhotic -r / 儿 to some words (e.g. 哪儿). During the Ming, southern dialectal influences were also introduced into the dialect. History Status as prestige dialect As the political and cultural capital of China, Beijing has held much historical significance as a city, and its speech has held sway as a lingua franca. Being officially selected to form the basis of the phonology of Standard Mandarin has further contributed to its status as a prestige dialect, or sometimes ''the'' prestige dialect of Chinese. Other scholars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiqihar
Qiqihar () is the second-largest city in the Heilongjiang province of China, in the west central part of the province. The built-up (or metro) area made up of Longsha, Tiefeng and Jianhua districts had 959,787 inhabitants, while the total population of the prefecture-level city was shrinking to 4,067,489 as of the 2020 census (5,367,003 as of 2010). These are mainly Han Chinese, though the city is also home to thirty-four minorities including Manchus, Daur, and Mongols. Close to Qiqihar are numerous wetlands and the Zhalong Nature Reserve, famous in China for being home to numerous red-crowned cranes. Etymology The Khitan people settled in the region under the Liao dynasty. The word "Qiqi" is a reference to a local river; the word "hari" refers to defense; literally, it means "defense of Qiqi". The name Qiqihar comes from Manchu (cicihar) History Early history Qiqihar is one of the oldest cities in the northeast of China. The region was originally settled by nomadic Daur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changchun Dialect
The Changchun dialect is a Mandarin Chinese variety spoken by people in and around the city of Changchun in Jilin Province, China. Characteristics The Changchun dialect is a member of the Changchun-Harbin sub-dialects. It is very close to Standard Chinese, but it also has distinct characteristics phonetically and lexically. In history Changchun was near the centre of Manchurian culture, so similar to other Northeastern Mandarin dialects, it has many words borrowed from the Manchu language. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ..., Changchun became heavily industrialized and the city grew considerably with migrant workers. As a result, the Changchun dialect resembles Standard Mandarin more than the dialects spoken in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harbin Dialect
The Harbin dialect () is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in and around the city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province. Characteristics Harbin dialect is phonologically close to the Standard Mandarin language, but the dialect itself carries with it strong cultural and regional connotations. However, the Harbin dialect is still widely considered to have the most accurate pronunciation when compared with the Standard Mandarin language. Vocabulary The vocabulary of Harbin dialect is different from Standard Mandarin for two reasons. One of the sources of the distinct lexical features of the Harbin dialect is the area's colonial Russian influence. The Russian colonial period started in the 1900s, which marked the start of the influx of large amounts of Russian vocabulary, especially neologisms created in Europe and Russia that had never existed in Mandarin. The second source of lexical difference is the influence of language contact between the local Mandarin language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenyang Dialect
Shenyang Mandarin () is a dialect of Northeastern Mandarin used by people in and around Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest city in Northeast China. It is very close to Standard Chinese but has some notably distinctive words. Some people consider it a strong accent rather than a distinct dialect. Because of its similarity to the standard language, pinyin can be used to represent its pronunciation. Its usage is dwindling as schools in Shenyang teach only the standard language. The most distinctive aspect of the Shenyang dialect is the much lower pitch of the first tone than in Standard Mandarin. It would be positioned at 2, rather than 5, on the chart shown (right). As a result, it can sound rather like the third tone. Like the Beijing dialect, the Shenyang dialect is characterized by erhua (儿化). Some of the words in the Shenyang dialect come from other languages like the Manchu language. One example is 旮旯儿 ''gālár'' 'corner'. Examples o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilin City
Jilin City (), alternately romanized as Kirin, is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of and 1,895,865 in its built-up (''or metro'') area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province. Jilin City is also known as the ''River City'' because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games. History Jilin City is one of the oldest cities in Northeast China. During the reign of the Yongle Emperor in the Ming dynasty, efforts were made to expand Ming control throughout all of Manchuria. Mighty river fleets were built and sailed several times from Jilin City, getting the chieftains of the local tribes to swear allegiance to the Ming rulers.Shih-shan Henry Tsai, ''The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty''. SUNY Press, 1996. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiaoliao Mandarin
Jiaoliao or Jiao–Liao Mandarin () is a primary dialect of Mandarin Chinese, spoken on the Jiaodong Peninsula, from Yantai to Qingdao, Ganyu District in northeastern Jiangsu and the Liaodong Peninsula, from Dalian to Dandong, and in Mishan, Hulin, Fuyuan & Raohe counties of Heilongjiang. Yantai, Dalian, and Weihai dialects are the standard Jiao–Liao Mandarin.Margaret Mian Yan Introduction to Chinese Dialectology 2006 - Page 62 "Jiao–Liao Mandarin Group 胶辽官话The estimated number of native speakers of this group is 28.83 million; it is divided into the following subgroups: ; (1) Qingzhou subgroup (2) Deng–Lian subgroup (3) Gai–Huan Subgroup 5. Zhongyuan Mandarin ..." Etymology Jiao is short for the Jiao River. Liao is short for the Liaodong Peninsula, and the name ''Liaodong'' means "East of the Liao River". (''Liao'' is also an abbreviation used for the city of Liaoyang.) Sub-dialects *Yantai dialect *Dalian dialect *Weifang dialect *Weih ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dandong
Dandong (), formerly known as Andong, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southeastern Liaoning province, in the northeastern region of People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese border city, facing Sinuiju, North Korea across the Yalu River, which demarcates the Sino-North Korean border. To the southwest of the city, the river flows into Korea Bay. Dandong has therefore had a dynamic history because of its strategic location for the northeast's rich natural resources and because of its convenient access to the ocean. It is designated as a major export production centre for the province, and is a port city connected by rail with Shenyang and Sinuiju. A significant amount of trade with North Korea flows through the city. Kanto, Dick K. and Mark E. Manyin. ''China-North Korea Relations''. DIANE Publishing. December 28, 2010.10 Retrieved from Google Books on October 23, 2012. , 9781437985115. The size of the administrative city (prefecture) is . As of the 2020 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
