Don César De Bazan
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Don César De Bazan
''Don César de Bazan'' is an opéra comique in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Adolphe d'Ennery, Philippe-François Pinel "Dumanoir" and Jules Chantepie, based on the play by d'Ennery and Dumanoir, which was first performed at Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in 1844. This in turn drew on the popular character of Don César de Bazan, in the 1838 drama ''Ruy Blas'' by Victor Hugo, though it has little connection with the plot of Hugo's drama. Massenet's opera was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 30 November 1872. It was the first full-length opera by Massenet to be produced, the one-act ''La grand'tante'' having been mounted five years earlier by the same company. ''Don César de Bazan'' was not a success and it would be another five years, with the premiere of ''Le roi de Lahore'' in 1877, before Massenet rose to his place among the most prominent composers of his time. ''Don César de Bazan'' was initially performed 13 times at the O ...
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Jules Massenet
Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty. The two most frequently staged are '' Manon'' (1884) and ''Werther'' (1892). He also composed oratorios, ballets, orchestral works, incidental music, piano pieces, songs and other music. While still a schoolboy, Massenet was admitted to France's principal music college, the Paris Conservatoire. There he studied under Ambroise Thomas, whom he greatly admired. After winning the country's top musical prize, the Prix de Rome, in 1863, he composed prolifically in many genres, but quickly became best known for his operas. Between 1867 and his death forty-five years later he wrote more than forty stage works in a wide variety of styles, from opéra-comique to grand-scale depictions of classical myths, romantic comedies, lyric dramas, as well as oratorios, cantatas and ballets. Massenet had a good sense of the ...
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Adolphe Deloffre
Louis Michel Adolphe Deloffre (28 July 1817 – 8 January 1876) was a French violinist and conductor active in London and Paris, who conducted several important operatic premieres in the latter city, particularly by Charles Gounod and Georges Bizet.Walsh TJ. ''Second Empire Opera – The Théâtre-Lyrique Paris 1851-1870.'' John Calder Ltd, London, 1981. Career Born in Paris, Deloffre's initial musical training was from his father, a violinist and guitarist. His violin teachers later included Bellon, de Lafont and Baillot, and he became recognised for his fine playing. He then set out from Paris for London with the French conductor Jullien and later became principal violinist at Her Majesty's Theatre under Balfe; he also played with the Philharmonic Society, the Sacred Harmony Society and the Musical Union. He would return each year to give concerts in Paris with his wife, a distinguished pianist, and a cellist from the Opéra, Pilet. He returned permanently to Paris to settl ...
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Maritana
''Maritana'' is a three-act opera including both spoken dialogue and some recitatives, composed by William Vincent Wallace, with a libretto by Edward Fitzball (1792–1873). The opera is based on the 1844 French play ''Don César de Bazan'' by Adolphe d'Ennery and Philippe François Pinel (Dumanoir), which was also the source material for Jules Massenet's opéra comique ''Don César de Bazan'' (the character of Don César de Bazan first appeared in Victor Hugo's ''Ruy Blas''). The opera premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 15 November 1845. The first of six operas by Wallace, the work is often cited as an inspiration for a plot device in Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera ''The Yeomen of the Guard'' in which a man weds a woman while awaiting execution in prison, escapes and, while he is disguised, the couple fall in love. Performance history ''Maritana'' was first produced at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane under Alfred Bunn's management on 15 November 1845, conducted fi ...
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Naxos (company)
Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about 17 labels including Naxos Records, Naxos Audiobooks, and Naxos Books (ebooks). There are about an additional 50 labels that are independent of the Naxos Musical Group with a wide range of offerings. The company was founded in 1987 by Klaus Heymann, a German-born resident of Hong Kong. Naxos Records Naxos Records is a record label specializing in classical music. The company was known for its budget pricing of discs, with simpler artwork and design than most other labels. In the 1980s, Naxos primarily recorded central and eastern European symphony orchestras, often with lesser-known conductors, as well as upcoming and unknown musicians, to minimize recording costs and maintain its budget prices. In more recent years, Naxos has taken advan ...
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Elsa Dreisig
Elsa Dreisig (born 1991) is a French-Danish operatic soprano. Based at the Berlin State Opera, she made a European career in both opera and concert. Her opera roles include, besides the standard lyric soprano repertoire such as Mozart's Fiordiligi and Bizet's Micaëla, Baroque opera such as Rameau's ''Hippolyte et Aricie'', and the world premiere of Beat Furrer's ''Violetter Schnee''. Life Training Dreisig was born in Paris, the daughter of the Danish opera singer and the French singer, conductor and director Gilles Ramade. She sang in the children's choirs of the Opéra Royal de Wallonie and the Opéra National de Lyon. She studied singing with Valérie Guillorit at the Conservatoire de Paris, and at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig with Regina Werner-Dietrich. Opera career From 2015 to 2017, Dreisig was a member of the opera studio of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden, leading to a permanent engagement by Daniel Barenboim. She appeared there as Gretel in Hump ...
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Laurent Naouri
Laurent Naouri, Chevalier L.H. (born May 23, 1964) is a French bass-baritone. Initially beginning his education at the École Centrale de Lyon, Naouri decided to concentrate on opera in 1986 and continued his musical studies at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. Naouri was born in Paris. His professional career in France began in 1992 with performances in the title role of Darius Milhaud’s ''Christophe Colomb'' (''Christopher Columbus'') for the opening of the Imperial Theatre in Compiègne. Progressing rapidly, his career quickly comprised a very varied repertoire ranging from Monteverdi to contemporary composers under such conductors as Maurizio Benini, William Christie, René Jacobs, Marc Minkowski, and Kent Nagano. Naouri made his debut at the Opéra Garnier in the role of Thésée in Rameau's ''Hippolyte et Aricie'', followed by ''Eugene Onegin'' at the Opéra de Nancy, interpreting at the Opéra Bastille the roles of the Comte Des Grieux in Masse ...
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Bass (vocal Range)
A bass is a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types. According to ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'', a bass is typically classified as having a vocal range extending from around the second E below middle C to the E above middle C (i.e., E2–E4).; ''The Oxford Dictionary of Music'' gives E2–E4/F4 Its tessitura, or comfortable range, is normally defined by the outermost lines of the bass clef. Categories of bass voices vary according to national style and classification system. Italians favour subdividing basses into the ''basso cantante'' (singing bass), ''basso buffo'' ("funny" bass), or the dramatic ''basso profondo'' (low bass). The American system identifies the bass-baritone, comic bass, lyric bass, and dramatic bass. The German ''Fach'' system offers further distinctions: Spielbass (Bassbuffo), Schwerer Spielbass (Schwerer Bassbuffo), Charakterbass (Bassbariton), and Seriöser Bass. These classification systems can ...
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Jacques Bouhy
Jacques-Joseph-André Bouhy (18 June 1848 – 29 January 1929) was a Belgian baritone, most famous for being the first to sing the "Toreador Song" in the role of Escamillo in the opera ''Carmen''. Bouhy was born in Pepinster. After studying at the Liège Conservatory of Music, he made his début at the Paris Opéra as Méphistophélès (''Faust'') in 1871. He performed at the Opéra-Comique as Figaro (''Le Nozze di Figaro''), Escamillo (''Carmen'') in 1875. At the Comique he also created the role of ''Don César de Bazan'' in 1872. In 1882 he appeared at Covent Garden singing in ''Faust'' and ''Carmen''. He spent time in the United States as the first director of the National Conservatory of Music of America in New York City before returning to Paris to sing the High Priest in ''Samson et Dalila'' (1890). He was extremely popular with audiences, and counted Massenet among his admirers. Singers taught by him or who received instruction from him include Gervase Elwes, Clara Butt, Lo ...
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Baritone
A baritone is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the bass and the tenor voice-types. The term originates from the Greek (), meaning "heavy sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C (i.e. F2–F4) in choral music, and from the second A below middle C to the A above middle C (A2 to A4) in operatic music, but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of baritone include the baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone, ''Kavalierbariton'', Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone, ''baryton-noble'' baritone, and the bass-baritone. History The first use of the term "baritone" emerged as ''baritonans'', late in the 15th century, usually in French sacred polyphonic music. At this early stage it was frequently used as the lowest of the voices (including the bass), but in 17th-century Italy the term was all-encompassing and used to describe the averag ...
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Paul Lhérie
Paul Lhérie (Lévy), (born 8 October 1844 in Paris; died 17 October 1937 in Paris) was a French tenor, then baritone, and later a vocal teacher. He was most famous for creating the role of Don José in Bizet's '' Carmen''. Life and career After studying in Paris, Lhérie made his debut at the Opéra-Comique in 1866 as Méhul's ''Joseph''. He created the role of Charles II in Massenet's '' Don César de Bazan'' in 1872, Kornélis in Camille Saint-Saëns's '' La princesse jaune'' in 1872, Benoît in Delibes's ''Le roi l’a dit'' in 1873, and Don José in '' Carmen'' by Bizet in 1875. Bizet and Lhérie became friends during the preparations for ''Carmen''. They would swim together in the Seine during the singer's visits to the composer's house in Bougival. He became a baritone in 1882, singing Posa in the first performance of the Italian revised version of Verdi's ''Don Carlos'' at La Scala, Milan, two years later. He also spent time during the 1880s at Covent Garden in Lo ...
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Tenor
A tenor is a type of classical music, classical male singing human voice, voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. The tenor's vocal range extends up to C5. The low extreme for tenors is widely defined to be B2, though some roles include an A2 (two As below middle C). At the highest extreme, some tenors can sing up to the second F above middle C (F5). The tenor voice type is generally divided into the ''leggero'' tenor, lyric tenor, spinto tenor, dramatic tenor, heldentenor, and tenor buffo or . History The name "tenor" derives from the Latin word ''wikt:teneo#Latin, tenere'', which means "to hold". As Fallows, Jander, Forbes, Steane, Harris and Waldman note in the "Tenor" article at ''Grove Music Online'': In polyphony between about 1250 and 1500, the [tenor was the] structurally fundamental (or 'holding') voice, vocal or instrumental; by the 15th century it came to signify the male voice that ...
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Charles II Of Spain
Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War of the Spanish Succession that followed his death, Charles's reign has traditionally been viewed as one of managed decline. However, many of the issues Spain faced in this period were inherited from his predecessors and some recent historians have suggested a more balanced perspective. For reasons that are still debated, Charles experienced extended periods of ill health throughout his life and from the moment he became king at the age of three in 1665, the succession was a prominent consideration in European politics. Historian John Langdon-Davies summarised his life as follows: "Of no man is it more true to say that in his beginning was his end; from the day of his birth, they were waiting for his death". Despite this, his successors inhe ...
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