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Dolmelynllyn Estate
Dolmelynllyn Estate is an area of farmland, woodland and parkland near the village of Ganllwyd in southern Gwynedd, Wales. It is owned by the National Trust. The estate was formerly owned by William Madocks, the architect of Porthmadog. Features of the estate include ancient woodland, temperate rainforest, rare lichens and mosses, as well as archaeological features from prehistoric cists to nineteenth-century gold mines. The estate also has 46 bee boles on it, which is the highest concentration in the United Kingdom. Location The Dolmelynllyn Estate is approximately north of Dolgellau, Gwynedd, in the southern area of the Snowdonia National Park. It is over in extent and includes landscapes that vary from river terraces to high moorland, as well as boulder-strewn woodland. The highest point on the estate is at , just above Bryn Bedwog.Latham, J. "An Archaeological Field Survey of the Dolmelynllyn Estate." 1983. National Trust. The estate sits within and alongside the village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganllwyd
Ganllwyd is a small village and community in southern Gwynedd, Wales. It lies in the Snowdonia National Park to the north of Dolgellau. A470 passes through it. The Community population taken at the 2011 Census was 179. Geography The village, which lies where the old Roman road used to ford the River Eden just before it joins with the rivers Mawddach and River Gamlan has 3 large waterfalls and many smaller ones all within Coed y Brenin (the forest of the king). Features The village includes Dolmelynllyn Hall (owned by the National Trust), and the area is also referred to as the Dolmelynllyn estate. One author suggests an Arthurian link to the village but there is no other corroboration. The village is now surrounded by Forestry Commission and National Trust parkland of conifers and oaks. A large area of surrounding ancient oak woodland is a designated SSSI and has a particularly rich temperate maritime Bryophyte community. The forest has a group of Wellingtonia planted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privy Midden
The privy midden (also midden closet) was a toilet system that consisted of a privy (outhouse) associated with a midden (or middenstead, ie a dump for waste). They were widely used in rapidly expanding industrial cities such as Manchester in England, but were difficult to empty and clean. A typical comment was that they were of "most objectionable construction" and "usually wet and very foul". They were replaced eventually by pail closets and flush toilets. Similar systems still exist in some developing countries, but the term "privy midden" is now an archaism. Development and improvement The midden closet was a development of the privy, which had evolved from the primitive "fosse" ditch. The early version was essentially an outhouse for public use, located over a hole in the ground at a public dump. In a speech given to the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1876 a Mr Redgrave described the midden closet as representing "the standard of all that is utterly wrong, constructed as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservation Grazing
Conservation grazing or targeted grazing is the use of semi- feral or domesticated grazing livestock to maintain and increase the biodiversity of natural or semi-natural grasslands, heathlands, wood pasture, wetlands and many other habitats. Conservation Grazing Peninsula Open Space Trust, California, US, 2009. (cited 2009 Mar 11)What is Conservation Grazing? Grazing Advice Partnership, UK, 2009. Conservation grazing is generally less intensive than practices such as [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Forest
The New Forest is one of the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and forest in Southern England, covering southwest Hampshire and southeast Wiltshire. It was proclaimed a royal forest by William the Conqueror, featuring in the Domesday Book. It is the home of the New Forest Commoners, whose ancient rights of common pasture are still recognised and exercised, enforced by official verderers and agisters. In the 18th century, the New Forest became a source of timber for the Royal Navy. It remains a habitat for many rare birds and mammals. It is a biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Several areas are Geological Conservation Review and Nature Conservation Review sites. It is a Special Area of Conservation, a Ramsar site and a Special Protection Area. Copythorne Common is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust, Kingston Great Common is a national nature reserve and New Forest Northern Commons is managed b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonimia Octospora
''Agonimia octospora'' is a species of corticolous, (bark-dwelling) squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1978 by lichenologists Brian John Coppins and Peter Wilfred James. The type specimen was collected in Glengarriff Forest in (West Cork (Ireland), where it was found growing on the bark of oak. Characteristics of the lichen include its colourless ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or ...s that number eight per ascus, and its tiny squamules (up to 0.3 mm long) that are closely attached (''adpressed'') on its substrate. Its spores typically measure 60–75 by 20–26 μm. The lichen is found in Europe and South America. References Verrucariales Lichens described in 1978 Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobaria Pulmonaria
''Lobaria pulmonaria'' is a large epiphytic lichen consisting of an ascomycete fungus and a green algal partner living together in a symbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium—a symbiosis involving members of three kingdoms of organisms. Commonly known by various names like tree lungwort, lung lichen, lung moss, lungwort lichen, oak lungs or oak lungwort, it is sensitive to air pollution and is also harmed by habitat loss and changes in forestry practices. Its population has declined across Europe and ''L. pulmonaria'' is considered endangered in many lowland areas. The species has a history of use in herbal medicines, and recent research has corroborated some medicinal properties of lichen extracts. Description It is a foliose lichen and its leaf-like thallus is green, leathery and lobed with a pattern of ridges and depressions on the upper surface. Bright green under moist conditions, it becomes brownish and papery when dry. This species often has a fine layers of ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobaria
''Lobaria'' is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss. ''Lobaria'' are unusual in that they have a three-part symbiosis, containing a fungus, and an alga (as other lichens do), but also a cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen. Taxonomy ''Lobaria'' was originally described as a section of the eponymous genus ''Lichen'' by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1786. It was proposed as a genus by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1796. The establishment of ''Lobaria'' remained uncertain until Edvard Vainio also described it. He divided the genus into two sections based on different morphologies of the mature spore: ''Lobaria'' and ''Ricasolia''. In 2013, the concept of family Lobariaceae was revised with the help of molecular phylogenetics, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Area Of Conservation
A Special Area of Conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the ''Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora''. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the Sites of Community Importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat. SACs complement Special Protection Areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000. This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention. Assessment methodology in the United Kingdom Prior to being designated as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), sites have been assessed under a two-stage process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Important Plant Areas
Important Plant Areas (IPA) is a programme set up in the UK, by the organisation Plantlife, to provide a framework for identifying and maintaining the richest sites for plant life, possibly within existing protected areas; though the protection of the IPA itself is not legally enforced. The term plant life in this case refers to any number of species, encompassing algae, fungi, lichens, liverworts, mosses, and wild vascular plants. IPAs are selected with the intention of focusing on the conservation of the important wild plant populations in these areas, and act as a subset in the broader context of Key Biodiversity Areas. Designating an IPA is intended to gain awareness and encourage long-term conservation through an 'ecosystem-based' approach. The identification of IPAs is based on three criteria: A. Presence of threatened plant species: the site holds significant populations of one or more species that are of global or regional conservation concern B. Presence of botanical rich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meirionnydd
Meirionnydd is a coastal and mountainous region of Wales. It has been a kingdom, a cantref, a district and, as Merionethshire, a county. Kingdom Meirionnydd (Meirion, with -''ydd'' as a Welsh suffix of land, literally ''Land adjoined to Meirion'') was a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd, founded according to legend by Meirion (derived from the Latin name Mariānus), a grandson of Cunedda, a warrior-prince who brought his family to Wales from the ' Old North' (northern England and southern Scotland today), probably in the early 5th century. His dynasty seems to have ruled there for the next four hundred years. The kingdom lay between the River Mawddach and the River Dovey, spreading in a north-easterly direction. Cantref The ancient name of the cantref was Cantref Orddwy (or ''"the cantref of the Ordovices"''). The familiar name coming from Meiron's kingdom. The cantref of Meirionnydd held the presumed boundaries of the previous kingdom but now as a fief of the Kingdom of Gwynedd where i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coed Ganllwyd National Nature Reserve
Coed Ganllwyd National Nature Reserve is situated behind the village of Ganllwyd on the A470, about 9 kilometres north of Dolgellau in Wales, United Kingdom. It lies within the boundaries of the National Trust's Dolmelynllyn Estate. An island of broadleaved deciduous trees amidst a sea of conifer plantations, it includes a steep wooded gorge and high tumbling waterfalls. Along this ravine is the famous ‘Rhaeadr Ddu’ which translates as ‘black waterfall’. In addition to being considered the richest site in Western Europe for mosses and liverworts, it is also an important home for certain rare species of bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most ...s, like the lesser horseshoe bat. References External linksCoed Ganllwyd National nature reserves in Wales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Woodland
In the United Kingdom, an ancient woodland is a woodland that has existed continuously since 1600 or before in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (or 1750 in Scotland). Planting of woodland was uncommon before those dates, so a wood present in 1600 is likely to have developed naturally. In most ancient woods, the trees and shrubs have been cut down periodically as part of the management cycle. Provided that the area has remained as woodland, the stand is still considered ancient. Since it may have been cut over many times in the past, ancient woodland does not necessarily contain very old trees. For many species of animal and plant, ancient woodland sites provide the sole habitat, and for many others, conditions on these sites are much more suitable than those on other sites. Ancient woodland in the UK, like rainforest in the tropics, is home to rare and threatened species. For these reasons ancient woodland is often described as an irreplaceable resource, or 'critical natural ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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