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Divsha Amirà
Divsha Amirà (; 1899 – 9 April 1966) was an Israeli mathematician and educator. Biography Amirà was born in Brańsk, Russian Empire to Rivka () and Aharon Itin. She immigrated to Israel with her family in 1906. Her father was one of the founders of Ahuzat Bayit (today Tel Aviv), a founder of the Tel Aviv Great Synagogue, and the owner of the first publishing house in Jaffa. She graduated in the second class of the Herzliya Gymnasium in 1914. Amirà studied at the University of Göttingen and obtained her doctorate from the University of Geneva in 1924 under the guidance of Herman Müntz. Her doctoral thesis, published in 1925, provided a projective synthesis of Euclidean geometry. Pedagogic career After leaving Geneva, Amirà worked at Gymnasia Rehavia in Jerusalem, and taught several courses on geometry at the Einstein Institute of Mathematics. She later taught at the and Beit-Hakerem High School, where her students included such future mathematicians as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brańsk
Brańsk ( be, Бранск, lt, Branskas) is a town in eastern Poland. It is situated within Podlaskie Voivodeship (province). Etymology The name of the town comes from the river Bronka, a nearby tributary of the Nurzec River. Geography Location Brańsk is located in the geographical region of Europe known as the ''Wysoczyzny Podlasko–Białoruskie'' (English: Podlaskie and Belarus Plateau) and the mesoregion known as the Bielsk Plain (Polish: ''Równina Bielska''). The Nurzec River, a tributary of the Bug River, passes through Brańsk. The town covers an area of . It is located approximately: * northeast of Warsaw, the capital of Poland * southwest of Białystok, the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship * west of Bielsk Podlaski, the seat of Bielsk County Climate The region has a continental climate characterized by high temperatures during summer and long and frosty winters . The average amount of rainfall during the year exceeds . History On 23–25 June 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Intelligencer
''The Mathematical Intelligencer'' is a mathematical journal published by Springer Verlag that aims at a conversational and scholarly tone, rather than the technical and specialist tone more common among academic journals. Volumes are released quarterly with a subset of open access articles. Springer also cross-publishes some of the articles in ''Scientific American''. Karen Parshall and Sergei Tabachnikov are currently the co-editors-in-chief. History The journal was started informally in 1971 by Walter Kaufman-Buehler, Alice Peters and Klaus Peters. "Intelligencer" was chosen by Kaufman-Buehler as a word that would appear slightly old-fashioned. An exploration of mathematically themed stamps, written by Robin Wilson, became one of its earliest columns. In 1978, the founders appointed Bruce Chandler and Harold "Ed" Edwards Jr. to serve jointly in the role of editor-in-chief. Prior to 1978, articles of the ''Intelligencer'' were not contained in regular volumes and were sent out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In Israel
Women in Israel comprise of the state's population . While Israel lacks an official constitution, the Israeli Declaration of Independence of 1948 states that “The State of Israel (…) will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex.” Israeli law prohibits discrimination based on gender in matters such as employment and wages, and provides for class-action lawsuits. However, in tandem, sexist wage disparities between men and women remain an issue in parts of the state. In a 2012 survey of 59 developed countries, Israel ranked 11th for participation of women in the workplace. In the same survey, Israel was ranked 24th for the proportion of women serving in executive positions of power. In 2017, a '' Business Insider'' report ranked Israel as the eighth-safest country in the world for women. Women's rights Even before the state of Israel was created, there were female residents fighting for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Israel
The education system in Israel consists of three tiers: primary education (grades 1–6, approximately ages 6–12), middle school (grades 7–9, approximately ages 12–15) and high school (grades 10–12, approximately ages 15–19). Compulsory education takes place from kindergarten through 10th grade. The school year begins on September 1 (September 2 if September 1 is on Saturday), ending for elementary school pupils on June 30 (June 29 if June 30 is on Saturday), and for middle school and high school pupils on June 20 (June 19 if June 20 is on Saturday). Haredi Yeshivas follow an independent schedule, starting on 1 Elul. Israeli culture views higher education as the key to higher mobility and socioeconomic status in Israeli society. For millennia medieval European antisemitism often forbade the Jews from owning land and farming, which limited their career choices for making a decent living. This forced many Jews to place a much higher premium on education allowing them to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grundlagen Der Geometrie
Hilbert's axioms are a set of 20 assumptions proposed by David Hilbert in 1899 in his book '' Grundlagen der Geometrie'' (tr. ''The Foundations of Geometry'') as the foundation for a modern treatment of Euclidean geometry. Other well-known modern axiomatizations of Euclidean geometry are those of Alfred Tarski and of George Birkhoff. The axioms Hilbert's axiom system is constructed with six primitive notions: three primitive terms: * point; * line; * plane; and three primitive relations: * ''Betweenness'', a ternary relation linking points; * ''Lies on (Containment)'', three binary relations, one linking points and straight lines, one linking points and planes, and one linking straight lines and planes; * ''Congruence'', two binary relations, one linking line segments and one linking angles, each denoted by an infix ≅. Line segments, angles, and triangles may each be defined in terms of points and straight lines, using the relations of betweenness and containment. All point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilbert's Axioms
Hilbert's axioms are a set of 20 assumptions proposed by David Hilbert in 1899 in his book '' Grundlagen der Geometrie'' (tr. ''The Foundations of Geometry'') as the foundation for a modern treatment of Euclidean geometry. Other well-known modern axiomatizations of Euclidean geometry are those of Alfred Tarski and of George Birkhoff. The axioms Hilbert's axiom system is constructed with six primitive notions: three primitive terms: * point; * line; * plane; and three primitive relations: * ''Betweenness'', a ternary relation linking points; * ''Lies on (Containment)'', three binary relations, one linking points and straight lines, one linking points and planes, and one linking straight lines and planes; * ''Congruence'', two binary relations, one linking line segments and one linking angles, each denoted by an infix ≅. Line segments, angles, and triangles may each be defined in terms of points and straight lines, using the relations of betweenness and containment. All ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions. Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats. History The history of textbooks dates back to ancient civilizations. For example, Ancient Greeks wrote educational texts. The modern textbook has its roots in the mass production made possible by the printing press. Johannes Gutenberg himself may have printed editions of ''Ars Minor'', a schoolbook on Latin grammar by Aelius Donatus. Early textbooks were used by tutors and teachers (e.g. alphabet books), as well as by individuals who taught themselves. The Greek philosopher Socrates lamented the loss of knowledge because the media of transmission were changing. Before the invention of the Greek alphabet 2,500 years ago, knowledge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst G
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst" * Anton Ernst (1975-) South African Film Producer * Alice Henson Ernst (1880-1980), American writer and historian * Britta Ernst (born 1961), German politician * Cornelia Ernst, German politician * Edzard Ernst, German-British Professor of Complementary Medicine * Emil Ernst, astronomer * Ernie Ernst (1924/25–2013), former District Judge in Walker County, Texas * Eugen Ernst (1864–1954), German politician * Fabian Ernst, German soccer player * Gustav Ernst, Austrian writer * Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst, Moravian violinist and composer * Jim Ernst, Canadian politician * Jimmy Ernst, American painter, son of Max Ernst * Joni Ernst, U.S. Senator from Iowa * K.S. Ernst, American visual poet * Karl Friedrich Paul Ernst, German writer (1866–1933) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew University Secondary School
Hebrew University High School ( he, התיכון ליד האוניברסיטה), commonly known as ''Leyada'' (literally "next to"), is a semi-private high school in West Jerusalem, established in 1935 by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The school is located next to the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University. It is considered one of the country's most prestigious and selective institutions of secondary education. History Founded in 1935 as Beit-Hakerem High School, it soon established a unique methodology and syllabus, carefully screening applicants through psychometric entrance exams. Over the years, the school has carried out several integration projects initially founded by Professor Karl Frankenstein (Hebrew: קרל פרנקנשטיין; born 16 February 1905, died 1990), a ground-breaking Israeli professor in special education and pedagogy. Over the years, these projects have changed names and structure and have attempted to diminish the school's social elitist stereot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einstein Institute Of Mathematics
The Einstein Institute of Mathematics () is a centre for scientific research in mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, founded in 1925 with the opening of the university. A leading research institute, the institute's faculty has included recipients of the Nobel Prize, Fields Medal, Wolf Prize, and Israel Prize. History About a year before the official inauguration of the Hebrew University, a Jewish-American philanthropist, Philip Wattenberg, endowed the new university with $190,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) for a research institute in the name of theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. The Einstein Mathematics-Physics Institute in 1925. Its inaugural lecture was given by Edmund Landau (on problems from number theory), the first lecture in higher mathematics to be delivered in modern Hebrew. The Institute moved to the Philip Wattenburg Building in 1928, designed by Benjamin Chaikin and Sir Frank Mears, where it remained until the Hebrew University lost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a ''geometer''. Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as fundamental concepts. During the 19th century several discoveries enlarged dramatically the scope of geometry. One of the oldest such discoveries is Carl Friedrich Gauss' ("remarkable theorem") that asserts roughly that the Gaussian curvature of a surface is independent from any specific embedding in a Euclidean space. This implies that surfaces can be studied ''intrinsically'', that is, as stand-alone spaces, and has been expanded into the theory of manifolds and Riemannian geometry. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnasia Rehavia
Rehavia Gymnasium or the Jerusalem Rehavia Gymnasium, by its Hebrew name Gymnasia Rehavia ( he, גמנסיה רחביה, Gimnazya Rehavya), is a high school in the Rehavia neighborhood in West Jerusalem. History The high school's initial name was the Hebrew Gymnasium in Jerusalem. Gymnasia Rehavia was Jerusalem's first and the country’s second modern Jewish high school or gymnasium, after the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium in Tel Aviv. The school was first established in Jerusalem's Bukharan Quarter in 1909, by members of the loosely organized group of artists who named themselves "The New Jerusalem", for lack of an appropriate school framework in Jerusalem for their children. The building on Keren Kayemet Street in the Rehavia neighborhood was built in 1928. Among the founders were Dr. Naftali and Hannah Weitz, Yehoshua Barzilay, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, later the second president of Israel, his wife Rachel Yanait and the artist Ira Jan. The latter three were also among its first teachers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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