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Distribution Transformer Monitor
A Distribution Transformer Monitor (DTM) is a specialized hardware device that collects and measures information relative to electricity passing into and through a distribution transformer. The DTM is typically retrofitted onto pole top and pad mount transformers. A pole top (above ground) or pad mount (below ground) transformer commonly powers anywhere from 5-8 homes in the US and is the last voltage transition in stepping down voltage before it gets to the home or business. The conventional placement of Distributed Temperature Monitoring (DTM) devices is typically observed at the terminals of transformers. However, there are instances where these devices are directly affixed to the secondary power lines. DTM apparatus commonly comprises precision-centric sensors, either of the non-piercing or piercing variety, in addition to communication modules integrated on board for seamless data transmission. Adequate provisions for power supply are also incorporated within the DTM setup. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distribution Transformer
image:Polemount-singlephase-closeup.jpg, Single-phase distribution transformer in Canada A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides a final voltage reduction in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical, efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882. If mounted on a utility pole, they are called pole-mount transformers. When placed either at ground level or underground, distribution transformers are mounted on concrete pads and locked in steel cases, thus known as distribution tap pad-mounted transformers. Distribution transformers typically have ratings less than 200 Volt-ampere, kVA, although some national standards allow units up to 5000 kVA to be described as distribution transformers. Since distribution transformers are energized 24 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peak Demand
Peak demand on an electrical grid is the highest electrical power demand that has occurred over a specified time period (Gönen 2008). Peak demand is typically characterized as annual, daily or seasonal and has the unit of power. Peak demand, peak load or on-peak are terms used in energy demand management describing a period in which electrical power is expected to be provided for a sustained period at a significantly higher than average supply level. Peak demand fluctuations may occur on daily, monthly, seasonal and yearly cycles. For an electric utility company, the actual point of peak demand is a single half-hour or hourly period which represents the highest point of customer consumption of electricity. At this time there is a combination of office, domestic demand and at some times of the year, the fall of darkness. Some utilities will charge customers based on their individual peak demand. The highest demand during each month or even a single 15 to 30 minute period of high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SCADA
SCADA (an acronym for supervisory control and data acquisition) is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level supervision of machines and processes. It also covers sensors and other devices, such as programmable logic controllers, also known as a DCS (Distributed Control System), which interface with process plant or machinery. The operator interfaces, which enable monitoring and the issuing of process commands, such as controller setpoint changes, are handled through the SCADA computer system. The subordinated operations, e.g. the real-time control logic or controller calculations, are performed by networked modules connected to the field sensors and actuators. The SCADA concept was developed to be a universal means of remote-access to a variety of local control modules, which could be from different manufacturers and allowing access through standard automation protocols. In practice, large SC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed Generation
Distributed generation, also distributed energy, on-site generation (OSG), or district/decentralized energy, is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected or distribution system-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources (DER). Conventional power stations, such as coal-fired, gas, and nuclear powered plants, as well as hydroelectric dams and large-scale solar power stations, are centralized and often require electric energy to be transmitted over long distances. By contrast, DER systems are decentralized, modular, and more flexible technologies that are located close to the load they serve, albeit having capacities of only 10 megawatts (MW) or less. These systems can comprise multiple generation and storage components; in this instance, they are referred to as hybrid power systems. DER systems typically use renewable energy sources, including small hydro, biomass, biogas, solar power, wind power, and geothermal pow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smart Grid
The smart grid is an enhancement of the 20th century electrical grid, using two-way communications and distributed so-called intelligent devices. Two-way flows of electricity and information could improve the delivery network. Research is mainly focused on three systems of a smart grid – the infrastructure system, the management system, and the protection system. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid. The smart grid represents the full suite of current and proposed responses to the challenges of electricity supply. Numerous contributions to the overall improvement of energy infrastructure efficiency are anticipated from the deployment of smart grid technology, in particular including Demand side management, demand-side management. The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind powe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distribution Transformer
image:Polemount-singlephase-closeup.jpg, Single-phase distribution transformer in Canada A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides a final voltage reduction in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical, efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882. If mounted on a utility pole, they are called pole-mount transformers. When placed either at ground level or underground, distribution transformers are mounted on concrete pads and locked in steel cases, thus known as distribution tap pad-mounted transformers. Distribution transformers typically have ratings less than 200 Volt-ampere, kVA, although some national standards allow units up to 5000 kVA to be described as distribution transformers. Since distribution transformers are energized 24 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper#Daily, daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo, California, El Segundo since 2018, it is the List of newspapers in the United States, sixth-largest newspaper in the U.S. and the largest in the Western United States with a print circulation of 118,760. It has 500,000 online subscribers, the fifth-largest among U.S. newspapers. Owned by Patrick Soon-Shiong and published by California Times, the paper has won over 40 Pulitzer Prizes since its founding. In the 19th century, the paper developed a reputation for civic boosterism and opposition to Trade union, labor unions, the latter of which led to the Los Angeles Times bombing, bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. As with other regional newspapers in California and the United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
A smart meter is an Electronics, electronic device that records information—such as consumption of electric energy, voltage levels, current, and power factor—and Telemetering, communicates the information to the consumer and Public utility, electricity suppliers. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier. Description The term ''smart meter'' often refers to an electricity meter, but it also may mean a device measuring natural gas, water or district heating consumption. More generally, a smart meter is an Electronics, electronic device that records information such as consumption of electric energy, voltage levels, current, and power factor. Smart meters Telemetering, communicate the information to the consumer for greater clarity of consumption behavior, and Public utility, electricity suppliers for system monitoring and customer billing. Smart meters typicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greentech Media
Greentech Media, also known as GTM, was a media company based in Massachusetts, United States, that generated online daily reports, market research studies, and news on green technology and green jobs. History Greentech Media was founded in February 2007 by Scott Clavenna and Rick Thompson, and raised $1 million in venture capital funding the following May. In May 2008, it announced it raised another $2.75 million. In 2016, the research and consultancy group Wood Mackenzie acquired the company. In February 2021, Wood Mackenzie announced the closure of the company. The company had four offices, in Boston, New York, San Francisco and Munich. Podcasts Political Climate ''Political Climate'' was debuted by Greentech Media in April 2018. In 2019, it became funded by the USC Schwarzenegger Institute with support from the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, and later from Canary Media and think tank Third Way. In December 2022, ''Political Climate'' announced it was "taking a brea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shareholder Value
Shareholder value is a business term, sometimes phrased as shareholder value maximization. The term expresses the idea that the primary goal for a business is to increase the wealth of its shareholders (owners) by paying dividends and/or causing the company's stock price to increase. It became a prominent idea during the 1980s and 1990s, along with the management principle value-based management or managing for value. Definition The term ''shareholder value'', sometimes abbreviated to ''SV'', can be used to refer to: * The market capitalization of a company; * The view that the primary goal for a company is to increase the wealth of its shareholders (owners) by paying dividends and/or causing the stock price to increase (i.e. the Friedman doctrine introduced in 1970); * The more specific concept that planned actions by management and the returns to shareholders should outperform certain bench-marks such as the cost of capital concept. In essence, the idea that shareholders' money ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CAIDI
The Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) is a reliability index commonly used by electric power utilities. It is related to SAIDI and SAIFI The System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) is commonly used as a reliability index by electric power utilities. This index measures the average number of times that a system customer experiences an outage during the year or during a g ..., and is calculated as \mbox = \frac where \lambda_i is the failure rate, N_i is the number of customers, and U_i is the annual outage time for location i. In other words, \mbox = \frac = \frac CAIDI gives the average outage duration that any given customer would experience. CAIDI can also be viewed as the average restoration time. CAIDI is measured in units of time, often minutes or hours. It is usually measured over the course of a year, and according to IEEE Standard 1366-1998 the median value for North American utilities is approximately 1.36 hours. References {{DEFAULTS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAIFI
The System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) is commonly used as a reliability index by electric power utilities. This index measures the average number of times that a system customer experiences an outage during the year or during a given time period. SAIFI is normally calculated on either yearly or monthly basis. SAIFI is calculated as: \mbox = \frac where \lambda_i is the failure rate and N_i is the number of customers for location i. In other words, \mbox = \frac Many factors cause power interruptions, including weather, vegetation patterns, and utility practices. Utilities can report interruption duration values with major events (such as snowstorms or hurricanes), without major events, or both. SAIFI is measured in units of interruptions per customer. According to IEEE Standard 1366-1998 the median value for North American utilities is approximately 1.10 interruptions per customer. References Sources * {{DEFAULTSORT:Saifi Electric power Reliabili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
