|
Diphenylbutadiyne
Diphenylbutadiyne is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5C2)2. It is a common diyne. It is the product of the coupling of phenylacetylene Phenylacetylene is an alkyne hydrocarbon containing a phenyl group. It exists as a colorless, viscous liquid. In research, it is sometimes used as an analog for acetylene; being a liquid, it is easier to handle than acetylene gas. Preparation I ... often with copper reagents., but a variety of methods have been developed. Diphenylbutadiyne forms a variety of metal-alkyne complexes. One example is the organonickel complex (C5H5Ni)4C4(C6H5)2.{{cite journal , doi=10.1107/S0365110X65001226, title=Crystal Data for Some Dicyclopentadienyldinickel Alkyne Compounds, year=1965, last1=Mills, first1=O. S., last2=Shaw, first2=B. W., journal=Acta Crystallographica, volume=18, issue=3, page=562 References Conjugated diynes Phenyl compounds Alkyne derivatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glaser Coupling
The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is ammonia. The solvent is water or an alcohol. The reaction was first reported by in 1869. He suggested the following process for his way to diphenylbutadiyne: :CuCl + PhC2H + NH3 → PhC2Cu + NH4Cl :2PhC2Cu + O → PhC2C2Ph + Cu2O Modifications Eglinton reaction In the related Eglinton reaction two terminal alkynes are coupled by a copper(II) salt such as cupric acetate. :2R-\!\!-H -> ce\ce] R-\!\!-\!\!-R The oxidative coupling of alkynes has been used to synthesize a number of fungal antibiotics. The stoichiometry is represented by this highly simplified scheme: : Such reactions proceed via metal-alkyne complex, copper(I)-alkyne complexes. This methodology was used in the synthesis of cyclooctadecanonaene. Another example is the synthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylacetylene
Phenylacetylene is an alkyne hydrocarbon containing a phenyl group. It exists as a colorless, viscous liquid. In research, it is sometimes used as an analog for acetylene; being a liquid, it is easier to handle than acetylene gas. Preparation In the laboratory, phenylacetylene can be prepared by elimination of hydrogen bromide from styrene dibromide using sodium amide in ammonia: : It can also be prepared by the elimination of hydrogen bromide from bromostyrene using molten potassium hydroxide. Reactions Phenylacetylene is a prototypical terminal acetylene, undergoing many reactions expected of that functional group. It undergoes semihydrogenated over Lindlar catalyst to give styrene. In the presence of base and copper(II) salts, it undergoes oxidative coupling to give diphenylbutadiyne. In the presence of metal catalysts, it undergoes oligomerization, trimerization, and even polymerization. : In the presence of gold or mercury reagents, phenylacetylene hydrates to give acet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal-alkyne Complex
In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal alkyne complex is a coordination compound containing one or more alkyne ligands. Such compounds are intermediates in many catalytic reactions that convert alkynes to other organic products, e.g. hydrogenation and trimerization. Synthesis Transition metal alkyne complexes are often formed by the displacement of labile ligands by the alkyne. For example, a variety of cobalt-alkyne complexes may be formed by reaction of the alkyne with dicobalt octacarbonyl. : Co2(CO)8 + R2C2 → Co2(C2R2)(CO)6 + 2 CO Many alkyne complexes are produced by reduction of metal halides: : Cp2TiCl2 + Mg + Me3SiC≡CSiMe3 → Cp2Ti CSiMe3)2+ MgCl2 Structure and bonding The coordination of alkynes to transition metals is similar to that of alkenes. The bonding is described by the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model. Upon complexation the C-C bond elongates and the alkynyl carbon bends away from 180º. For example, in the phenylpropyne complex Pt(PPh3)2(MeC2Ph), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organonickel Complex
Organonickel chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic compounds featuring nickel-carbon bonds. They are used as a catalyst, as a building block in organic chemistry and in chemical vapor deposition. Organonickel compounds are also short-lived intermediates in organic reactions. The first organonickel compound was nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4, reported in 1890 and quickly applied in the Mond process for nickel purification. Organonickel complexes are prominent in numerous industrial processes including carbonylations, hydrocyanation, and the Shell higher olefin process. Classes of compounds : Alkyl and aryl complexes A popular reagent is Ni(CH3)2(tetramethylethylenediamine). Many alkyl and aryl complexes are known with the formula NiR(X)L2. Examples include dppf)Ni(cinnamyl)Cl) ''trans''-(PCy2Ph)2Ni(''o''-tolyl)Cl, (dppf)Ni(''o''-tolyl)Cl, (TMEDA)Ni(''o''-tolyl)Cl, and (TMEDA)NiMe2. Nickel compounds of the type NiR2 also exist with just 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conjugated Diynes
Conjugation or conjugate may refer to: Linguistics *Grammatical conjugation, the modification of a verb from its basic form *Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language Mathematics *Complex conjugation, the change of sign of the imaginary part of a complex number *Conjugate (square roots), the change of sign of a square root in an expression *Conjugate element (field theory), a generalization of the preceding conjugations to roots of a polynomial of any degree *Conjugate transpose, the complex conjugate of the transpose of a matrix *Harmonic conjugate in complex analysis * Conjugate (graph theory), an alternative term for a line graph, i.e. a graph representing the edge adjacencies of another graph *In group theory, various notions are called conjugation: **Inner automorphism, a type of conjugation homomorphism **Conjugation in group theory, related to matrix similarity in linear algebra **Conjugation (group theory), the image of an element under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenyl Compounds
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6 H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph. Phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. Phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring. Nomenclature Usually, a "phenyl group" is synonymous with C6H5− and is represented by the symbol Ph or, archaically, Φ. Benzene is sometimes denoted as PhH. Phenyl groups are generally attached to other atoms or groups. For example, triphenylmethane (Ph3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
