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Dimethylamidophosphoric Dichloride
Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride is an important chemical for few industrial purposes. It is an important chemical for synthesizing phosphoramidates as well as Nerve agent GA which is used as a chemical weapon. Safety This chemical is also corrosive, flammable and will cause mild nerve agent symptoms if ingested or absorbed through skin due to its nature. It will react with water giving off hydrogen chloride vapors and dimethylamidophosphoric acid. History First synthesis of the substance dates back to turn of the 19th century, when a student of German chemistry professor August Michaelis Ernst Ratzlaff made dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride as well as its diethyl analog for experiments of another PhD student of Michaelis Adolph Schall. He obtained a PhD at University of Rostock with a thesis titled ''Über die Einwirkung primärer und sekundärer Amine auf Phosphoroxychlorid und Äthoxylphosphoroxychlorid'' later in 1901. The high toxicity of the substance (as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphoramidate
Phosphoramidates (sometimes also called amidophosphates) are a class of phosphorus compounds structurally related to phosphates (or organophosphates) via the substitution of an OR for a NR2. They are derivatives of phosphoramidic acids O=P(OH)(NR2)2, O=P(OH)2(NR2). A phosphorodiamidate (or diamidophosphate) is a phosphate that has two of its OH groups substituted by NR2 groups to give a species with the general formula O=P(OH)(NH2)2. The substitution of all three OH groups gives the phosphoric triamides (O=P(NR2)3), which are commonly referred to as phosphoramides. Examples Two examples of natural phosphoramidates are phosphocreatine and the phosphoramidate formed when histidine residues in histidine kinases are phosphorylated. An example of a phosphorodiamidate is morpholino which is used in molecular biology. See also *Phosphoramidite A phosphoramidite (RO)2PNR2 is a monoamide of a phosphite diester. The key feature of phosphoramidites is their markedly high reactivity toward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabun (nerve Agent)
Tabun or GA is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound. It is a clear, colorless, and tasteless liquid with a faint fruity odor.Facts About Tabun National Terror Alert Response System It is classified as a because it fatally interferes with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system. Its production is strictly controlled and stockpiling outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Tabun is the first of the ''G-series'' nerve agents along with GB ( [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Chloride
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colourless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl. Reactions Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom Cl connected by a polar covalent bond. The chlorine atom is much more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, which makes this bond polar. Consequently, the molecule has a large dipole moment with a negative partial charge (δ−) at the chlorine atom and a positive partial charge (δ+) at the hydrogen atom. In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, and HCl combine to form hydronium cations and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Michaelis
August Michaelis (26 December 1847 – 31 January 1916) was a German chemist and discovered the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction. Michaelis studied at the University of Göttingen and University of Jena and became professor for chemistry at University of Karlsruhe in 1876, at the University of Aachen in 1880, and at the University of Rostock The University of Rostock (german: link=no, Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continen ... in 1890. Works * ''Repetitorium und Examinatorium der Chemie'' . Laupp, Tübingen 185Digital editionby the University and State Library Düsseldorf * * References * * 1847 births 1916 deaths 19th-century German chemists People from the Kingdom of Hanover University of Göttingen alumni University of Jena alumni Academic staff of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Academic staff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Rostock
The University of Rostock (german: link=no, Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area, and 8th oldest in Central Europe. It was the 5th university established in the Holy Roman Empire. The university has been associated with five Nobel laureates: Albrecht Kossel, Karl von Frisch, Otto Stern, Pascual Jordan, and Walter H. Schottky. It is a member of the European University Association. According to a ranking published by ''Times Higher Education'' in 2018, it is the most beautiful university in Germany and the fourth most beautiful university in all of Europe. The language of instruction is usually German and English for some postgraduate studies. History The university was founded in 1419 by confirmation of Pope Martin V and thus is one of the oldest universities in Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organophosphate Poisoning
Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to appear. Symptoms can last for days to weeks. Organophosphate poisoning occurs most commonly as a suicide attempt in farming areas of the developing world and less commonly by accident. Exposure can be from drinking, breathing in the vapors, or skin exposure. The underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to the buildup of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and can be confirmed by measuring butyrylcholinesterase activity in the blood. Carbamate poisoning can present similarly. Prevention efforts include banning very toxic types of organo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerve Agent Precursors
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons) in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve transmits electrical impulses. It is the basic unit of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses called action potentials that are transmitted along each of the axons to peripheral organs or, in the case of sensory nerves, from the periphery back to the central nervous system. Each axon, within the nerve, is an extension of an individual neuron, along with other supportive cells such as some Schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. Within a nerve, each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the endoneurium. The axons are bundled together into groups called fascicles, and each fascicle is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the perineurium. Finally, the entire nerve is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. Nerve cells (often called neurons) are f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
