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Dikrella
''Dikrella'' is a genus of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae subfamily Typhlocybinae. It contains approximately 37 species occurring in the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Panama, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil. ''Dikrella californica'' has been used as an intermediary host to ''Anagnus epos'', a parasitic wasp used to control Control may refer to: Basic meanings Economics and business * Control (management), an element of management * Control, an element of management accounting * Comptroller (or controller), a senior financial officer in an organization * Controllin ... the western grape leafhopper, '' Erythroneura elegantula''. References Cicadellidae genera Dikraneurini {{Cicadellidae-stub ...
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Typhlocybinae
Typhlocybinae is a subfamily of insects in the leafhopper family, Cicadellidae. This is currently the second largest leafhopper subfamily based on the number of described species, but researchers believe there are so many taxa yet undescribed that it is probably the largest subfamily.Dietrich, C. H. (2013)South American leafhoppers of the tribe Typhlocybini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae).''Zoologia (Curitiba)'' nline30(5) 519-68. Approximately 6000 species have been described to science so far. Tribes Entomologists divide the subfamily into four to ten tribes. Five tribes are generally accepted: * Alebrini *Dikraneurini *Empoascini *Erythroneurini *Typhlocybini Selected genera * '' Alebra'' *'' Dikrella'' * ''Dziwneono'' * '' Empoasca'' * '' Erasmoneura'' Young, 1952 * ''Eupteryx'' * ''Jacobiasca'' * '' Sweta'' Viraktamath & Dietrich, 2011 * '' Typhlocyba'' Gallery Arboridia ribauti (2754164062).jpg, '' Arboridia ribauti'' Cicadellidae - Empoasca decipiens-1.jpg, ...
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Leafhopper
A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones. They undergo a partial metamorphosis, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species. They belong to a lineage traditionally treated as infraorder Cicadomorpha in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, but as the latter taxon is probably not monophyletic, many modern au ...
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Parasitoid Wasps
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, sooner or later causing the death of these hosts. Different species specialise in hosts from different insect orders, most often Lepidoptera, though some select beetles, flies, or bugs; the spider wasps (Pompilidae) exclusively attack spiders. Parasitoid wasp species differ in which host life-stage they attack: eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults. They mainly follow one of two major strategies within parasitism: either they are endoparasitic, developing inside the host, and koinobiont, allowing the host to continue to feed, develop, and moult; or they are ectoparasitic, developing outside the host, and idiobiont, paralysing the host immediately. Some endoparasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea have a mutualistic relationship with polydnaviruses, the vi ...
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Biological Pest Control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. It can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment. Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biologic ...
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Erythroneura
''Erythroneura'' is a leafhopper genus in the family Cicadellidae. Species (79) '' Erythroneura aclys'' – '' Erythroneura acuticephala'' – '' Erythroneura amanda'' – '' Erythroneura ancora'' – '' Erythroneura anfracta'' – '' Erythroneura ariadne'' – '' Erythroneura atropictila'' – '' Erythroneura aza'' – '' Erythroneura bakeri'' – '' Erythroneura beameri'' – '' Erythroneura bidens'' – '' Erythroneura bistrata'' – '' Erythroneura bistrig'' – '' Erythroneura browni'' – '' Erythroneura caetra'' – '' Erythroneura calycula'' – '' Erythroneura cancellata'' – '' Erythroneura carinata'' – '' Erythroneura cassavae'' – '' Erythroneura chaudhrii'' – '' Erythroneura claripennis'' – '' Erythroneura coloradensis'' – '' Erythroneura comes'' – '' Erythroneura corni'' – '' Erythroneura cymbium'' – '' Erythroneura delicata'' – '' Erythroneura diva'' – '' Erythroneura doris'' – '' Erythroneura elegans'' – '' Erythroneura elegantula'' – ' ...
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