Dihydroxycinnamic Acid
Dihydroxycinnamic acid may refer to several molecules with the molecular formula C9H8O4 including: * Caffeic acid (3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid), a hydroxycinammic acid * Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), a hydroxycinammic acid * 2,3-Dihydroxycinnamic acid, a hydroxycinammic acid * 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid, a hydroxycinammic acid * 3,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid 3,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. It is a metabolite found in human urine Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys thro ...

C9H8O4
The molecular formula C9H8O4 (molar mass: 180.15 g/mol, exact mass: 180.0423 u) may refer to: * Acetozone * Aspirin * 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, a natural phenol * Dihydroxycinnamic acids: ** Caffeic acid (3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid) ** Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) ** 2,3-Dihydroxycinnamic acid ** 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid ** 3,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid * Homophthalic acid * Monomethyl phthalate * Uvitic acid Uvitic acid (5-methylisophthalic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(COOH)2. The name comes from Latin ''uva'' which means a grape. The acid is called so because it may be produced indirectly from tartaric acid, which is found in ...

Caffeic Acid
Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of woody plant biomass and its residues. Natural occurrences Caffeic acid can be found in the bark of ''Eucalyptus globulus'' the barley grain ''Hordeum vulgare'' and the herb ''Dipsacus asperoides''. It can also be found in the freshwater fern ''Salvinia molesta'' and in the mushroom ''Phellinus linteus''. Occurrences in food Free caffeic acid can be found in a variety of beverages, including brewed coffee at 0.13 mg per 100 ml and red wine at 2 mg per 100 ml. It is found at relatively high levels in herbs of the mint family, especially thyme, sage and spearmint (at about 20 mg per 100 g), and in spices, such as Ceylon cinnamon and star anise (at about 22 mg per 100  ...
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Umbellic Acid
Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. It is a precursor in the umbelliferone biosynthesis pathway. Umbelliferone is a phenylpropanoid and as such is synthesized from L-phenylalanine, which in turn is produced via the shikimate pathway. Phenylalanine is lysated into cinnamic acid, followed by hydroxylation by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase to yield 4-coumaric acid. The 4-coumaric acid is again hydroxylated by cinnamate/coumarate 2-hydroxylase to yield 2,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid followed by a bond rotation of the unsaturated bond adjacent to the carboxylic acid group. Finally an intramolecular attack from the hydroxyl group of C2' to the carboxylic acid group closes the ring and forms the lactone umbelliferone. :  \xrightarrow  \xrightarrow  \xrightarrow  \longrightarrow  The enzyme 4-hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase, induced in bacteria species such as ''Klebsiella oxytoca ''Kle ...
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2,3-Dihydroxycinnamic Acid
2,3-Dihydroxycinnamic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. It is a metabolite In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, c ... found in human urine. References Hydroxycinnamic acids Phenolic human metabolites Catechols Vinylogous carboxylic acids {{aromatic-stub ...
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2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic Acid
2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. Preparation 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid is produced by Elbs persulfate oxidation of o-Coumaric acid. See also * Homogentisic acid *Gentisic acid Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, excreted by the kidneys. It is also found in the African tree ''Alchornea cordifolia'' and in wine. Pro ... References Hydroxycinnamic acids Hydroquinones Vinylogous carboxylic acids {{aromatic-stub ...
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