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Differential Tariff
Differential tariff is an example of demand side management where the price per unit of energy varies with the consumption. If a power utility uses differential tariff, it may change the rate per kWH of energy used during different times, such as raising the price during times of high energy consumption and lowering the price during times of low energy consumption. This helps balance the rate at which power is used and the rate at which power is created. Background A differential tariff creates a balance in production and consumption of power by utilizing customer demand. For instance, if there is time where energy is being used faster than can be supplied, a differential tariff can be used: raising the price at that specific time to balance load on the system. Differential Tariff To implement the above-mentioned method of flattening the load curve, this technique is employed. As the load decreases and increases, the supplier must install his equipment in a way which will be capabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Demand Management
Energy demand management, also known as demand-side management (DSM) or demand-side response (DSR), is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and behavioral change through education. Usually, the goal of demand-side management is to encourage the consumer to use less energy during peak hours, or to move the time of energy use to off-peak times such as nighttime and weekends. Peak demand management does not necessarily decrease total energy consumption, but could be expected to reduce the need for investments in networks and/or power plants for meeting peak demands. An example is the use of energy storage units to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge them during peak hours. A newer application for DSM is to aid grid operators in balancing variable generation from wind and solar units, particularly when the timing and magnitude of energy demand does not coincide with the renewable generation. Generators bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Load Curve
In electrical engineering, a load profile is a graph of the variation in the electrical load versus time. A load profile will vary according to customer type (typical examples include residential, commercial and industrial), temperature and holiday seasons. Power producers use this information to plan how much electricity they will need to make available at any given time. Teletraffic engineering uses a similar load curve. Power generation In a power system, a load curve or load profile is a chart illustrating the variation in demand/electrical load over a specific time. Generation companies use this information to plan how much power they will need to generate at any given time. A load duration curve is similar to a load curve. The information is the same but is presented in a different form. These curves are useful in the selection of generator units for supplying electricity. Electricity distribution In an electricity distribution grid, the load profile of electricity u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Conversion Efficiency
Energy conversion efficiency (''η'') is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms. The input, as well as the useful output may be chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat. The resulting value, ''η'' (eta), ranges between 0 and 1. Overview Energy conversion efficiency depends on the usefulness of the output. All or part of the heat produced from burning a fuel may become rejected waste heat if, for example, work is the desired output from a thermodynamic cycle. Energy converter is an example of an energy transformation. For example, a light bulb falls into the categories energy converter. \eta = \frac Even though the definition includes the notion of usefulness, efficiency is considered a technical or physical term. Goal or mission oriented terms include effectiveness and efficacy. Generally, energy conversion efficiency is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1.0, or 0% to 100%. Ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy 7
Economy 7 is the name of a differential tariff provided by United Kingdom electricity suppliers that uses base load generation to provide cheap off-peak electricity during the night. Houses using the Economy 7 tariff require a special electricity meter which provides two different readings - one for electricity used during the day, priced higher, and the other for the night, priced lower. The night (off-peak) period lasts for a total of seven hours, hence the name; however it may not be a continuous period, as it may alternate between the two prices during the night. The term was coined by Jon Marshall. The first mention of Economy 7 is in 1978: In more recent years the difference between day and night rates has become larger, with a reduction of about 33% (though dependent on the supplier). The Economy 7 tariff results in either or both of an increased standing (fixed) charge or increased daytime rate. Timing and switchover Appliances such as night storage heaters and hot w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storage Heater
A storage heater or heat bank (Australia) is an electrical heater which thermal energy storage, stores thermal energy during the evening, or at night when electricity is available at lower cost, and releases the heat during the day as required. Alternatively, solar storage heaters are designed to store solar energy as heat, to be released during the night or other periods where it is required, often making it more cost effective than selling surplus electricity to the grid and buying it back at night. Principle of operation Storage heaters are typically composed of clay bricks or other ceramic material (grog (clay), grog), of concrete walls, or of water containers. There are also special materials such as feolite. This material serves as a heat storage medium. There are electrical heating elements embedded in the material which can be switched on to heat the storage medium and thus to store energy. The stored heat is given off continuously (through thermal radiation and convecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Teleswitch
A radio teleswitch is a device used in the United Kingdom primarily to allow electricity suppliers to switch large numbers of electricity meters between different tariff rates, by broadcasting an embedded signal in broadcast radio signals. Radio teleswitches are also used to switch on/off consumer appliances to make use of cheaper differential tariffs such as Economy 7. Service role The typical use of a teleswitch is to manage the start and end times of off-peak charging periods associated with tariffs such as Economy 7 and Economy 10. This includes switching between 'peak' and 'off-peak' meter registers as well as controlling the supply to dedicated off-peak loads such as night storage heating. The use of dynamic switching instead of a fixed timer allows some additional demand management, such as by flexing start and finish times for electric heating loads according to prevailing overall demand levels. Some suppliers also offer more sophisticated heating control using the ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MANWEB
SP Manweb is the regional electricity distribution network operator (DNO) for Merseyside, North Wales and parts of Cheshire. It is now part of SP Energy Networks, itself a subsidiary of the Spanish energy company Iberdrola. Nationalised industry The company was originally created in 1947 as the nationalised Merseyside and North Wales Electricity Board in the Electricity Act 1947. It was privatised in 1990, when it became become MANWEB plc. MANWEB was responsible for the purchase of electricity from the electricity generator (the Central Electricity Generating Board from 1958) and the distribution and sale of electricity to customers. The total number of customers supplied by the board was: The amount of electricity, in GWh, sold by MANWEB over its operational life was as follows: Post privatisation The company was purchased by Scottish Power in 1996 and subsequently become SP Manweb plc. The name Manweb continued to be used alongside the Scottish Power logo on home and ret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
