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Die Innere Front
Die Innere Front (The Home Front) was a series of clandestine and illegal leaflets written and distributed by a group of communist resistance fighters from the Neukölln area of Berlin that were associated with the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle") during World War II. The leaflet was produced twice-weekly on a hectograph machine and translated in five languages, with each version having the byline "Campaign for a new free Germany". Communist Party of Germany (KPD) members that included the American journalist John Sieg along with the German printer , established the production of the leaflet from December 1941 onwards. It is considered the main organ of the Red Orchestra as many of them contributed to it. Publication John Sieg and Herbert Grasse were members of the Neukölln Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and were experienced in printing and distributing leaflets, having previously released several different ones in the lead up to 1941 including '' 21 Seiten'' and '' Der Vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Die Innere Front August 1943
Die, as a verb, refers to death, the cessation of life. Die may also refer to: Games * Die, singular of dice, small throwable objects used for producing random numbers Manufacturing * Die (integrated circuit), a rectangular piece of a semiconductor wafer * Die (manufacturing), a material-shaping device * Die (philately) * Coin die, a metallic piece used to strike a coin * Die casting, a material-shaping process ** Sort (typesetting), a cast die for printing * Die cutting (web), process of using a die to shear webs of low-strength materials * Die, a tool used in paper embossing * Tap and die, cutting tools used to create screw threads in solid substances * Tool and die, the occupation of making dies Arts and media Music * ''Die'' (album), the seventh studio album by rapper Necro * Die (musician), Japanese musician, guitarist of the band Dir en grey * DJ Die, British DJ and musician with Reprazent * "DiE", a 2013 single by the Japanese idol group BiS * die!, an inactiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Guddorf
Wilhelm Guddorf (alias Paul Braun; 20 February 1902 – 13 May 1943) was a Belgian journalist, anti-Nazi and resistance fighter against the Third Reich. Guddorf was a leading member of a Berlin anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra (''Rote Kapelle'') by the Abwehr. Guddorf was the editor of the Marxist-Communist ''Die Rote Fahne'' (The Red Flag) newspaper. Life Wilhelm Guddorf came from a middle-class Catholic family. His father, Ludwig Guddorf, taught German, literature, and Greek at the ''Maison de Melle'' educational institution in Melle, Belgium for 29 years. In 1899 he became a professor at the commercial college there. At the beginning of World War I, the family was expelled from the country as Reich Germans. They moved to Haselünne with five children without possessions. There Ludwig Guddorf found employment as a teacher at the Lateinschule (secondary school). Wilhelm Guddorf, the eldest son of the family, attended the Latin School i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugen Neutert
Eugen Eduard Neutert (19 March 1905 – 9 September 1943) was a German communist and resistance fighter against Nazism. Biography Neutert was born in the Hermsdorf district of Berlin. In 1923, he emigrated to Brazil where he lived until 1926, when he returned to Germany. Due to his membership in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), Neutert was fired from his job as an electrician in 1928; he then earned a living as a masseur. After the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Neutert was active in the communist resistance. He was arrested on 16 September 1936, and sentenced to two and a half years' imprisonment by the People's Court, which he served in Brandenburg-Görden Prison and Amberg in Bavaria. After his release in spring 1939, Neutert continued his activities with the underground resistance. Working together with Hans Coppi and other members of the Red Orchestra, Neutert's main task was the production and distribution of flyers and leaflets; he was involved in the productio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elisabeth Schumacher
Elisabeth Schumacher (née Hohenemser; 28 April 1904 – 22 December 1942 in Plötzensee Prison, Berlin) was a German artist, photographer. and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. She was a member of the Berlin-based anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra (''Rote Kapelle'') by the Abwehr, during the Third Reich. Schumacher trained as an artist, but as her father was Jewish, who died in battlefield during World War I, she was classified as half-Jewish or ''Mischling'', so worked as a graphic artist, before joining the resistance efforts. Life Elisabeth Hohenemser was born into a well-off family, to a Jewish father and Christian mother in Darmstadt. Her father, engineer Fritz Hohenemser, was a soldier in World War I and came from a family of prominent bankers from the Frankfurt am Main area. Her mother came from Meiningen. In 1914, the family moved from Strasbourg (then part of Germany) to Frankfurt am Main. During the same year, Fritz Hohene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eva-Maria Buch
Eva-Maria Buch (31 January 1921 – 5 August 1943) was a German resistance to Nazism, resistance fighter against the Nazi Germany, Nazi régime in Germany associated with the Red Orchestra (espionage), Red Orchestra (''Rote Kapelle'') resistance group. Life Buch was born and lived with her parents in Charlottenburg, a borough of Berlin, until the mid-1930s. She was sent to the Ursulines, Ursuline School run by Catholic nuns until it was shut down in 1939. Without an ''Abitur'', she attended a seminar for Interpreting, interpreters at the Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Berlin. While working at a bookshop during 1941 and 1942, Buch became acquainted with Wilhelm Guddorf, through whom she became involved with the Red Orchestra. In autumn 1942, Buch attempted to hide Guddorf from a wave of Red Orchestra arrests, but she was arrested by the Gestapo on 11 October. Guddorf was arrested and sentenced to death soon thereafter. She was executed the following year, on 13 May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlotte Bischoff
Charlotte Bischoff (; 5 October 1901 – 4 November 1994) was a German Communist and German resistance to Nazism, Resistance fighter against National Socialism. Biography Early years Charlotte Wielepp was born in Berlin. Her father was Alfred Wielepp (1878–1948), who was the responsible editor of the ''Vorwärts'' before the First World War. Her mother was Martha Albertine née Stawitzky. As a young women she trained for work as a clerk and steno-typist, moving on to work in Halle (Saale), Halle, Hamburg and Berlin between 1915 and 1930. During that period she became politically active and joined the ''Freie Sozialistische Jugend'' (Free Socialist Youth) and the Young Communist League of Germany. In 1923, she joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the same year, married , a founding member of the KPD, then working as a clerk with the Soviet trade mission. After 1930, Charlotte Bischoff was a steno-typist and publicist in the Prussian Landtag faction and in the Centr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Ministry For Economic Affairs And Energy
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (german: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz, ), abbreviated BMWK (was BMWi), is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was previously known as the "Ministry of Economy". It was recreated in 2005 as "Ministry of Economics and Technology" after it had previously been merged with other ministries to form the Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour between 2002 and 2005. The ministry is advised by the Council of Advisors on Digital Economy. History The historical predecessor of the current Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action was the ''Reichswirtschaftsamt'' (Reich Economic Office), founded in 1917. In 1919, this became the ''Reichswirtschaftsministerium'' (Reich Ministry of Economy), which existed until 1945. In postwar occupied Germany, its functions were exercised by the Administrative Office of Economy (german: Verwaltungsamt für Wirtschaft) between 1946 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arvid Harnack
Arvid Harnack (; 24 May 1901 in Darmstadt – 22 December 1942 in Berlin) was a German jurist, Marxist economist, Communist, and German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an intellectual family and was originally a humanist. He was strongly influenced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe but progressively moved to a Marxist-Socialist outlook after a visit to the Soviet Union and the Nazis' appearance. After starting an undercover discussion group based at the Berlin Abendgymnasium, he met Harro Schulze-Boysen, who ran a similar faction. Like numerous groups in other parts of the world, the undercover political factions led by Harnack and Schulze-Boysen later developed into an espionage network that supplied military and economic intelligence to the Soviet Union. The group was later called the Red Orchestra (''Rote Kapelle'') by the Abwehr. He and his American-born wife, Mildred Fish, were executed by the Nazi regime in 1942 and 1943, respectively. Life Harnack's fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Under German Rule During World War II
The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (german: Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12 million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.Part1 an Part 2 . Many workers died as a result of their living conditionsextreme mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IG Farben
Interessengemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG (), commonly known as IG Farben (German for 'IG Dyestuffs'), was a German chemical and pharmaceutical conglomerate (company), conglomerate. Formed in 1925 from a merger of six chemical companies—BASF, Bayer, Hoechst AG, Hoechst, Agfa-Gevaert, Agfa, Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron, and Weiler-ter-Meer, Chemische Fabrik vorm. Weiler Ter Meer—it was seized by the Allies after World War II and divided back into its constituent companies. IG Farben was once the largest company in Europe and the largest chemical and pharmaceutical company in the world. IG Farben scientists made fundamental contributions to all areas of chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Otto Bayer discovered the polyaddition for the synthesis of polyurethane in 1937, and three company scientists became List of Nobel laureates, Nobel laureates: Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius in 1931 "for their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Scheel
Heinrich Karl Scheel ( lv, Heinrihs Kārlis Šēls; 17 May 1829 – 13 April 1909) was a Baltic German architect who lived and worked in Riga, Latvia. He is considered one of the greatest 19th century Riga architects and has designed more than 40 public and private buildings there. Biography Heinrich Scheel was born 17 May 1829 in Hamburg. In 1847, he started studies at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. After graduation in 1851 he became assistant of the architect and academy professor Ludwig Bohnstedt. In 1853, Scheel supervised the construction of the Riga Great Guild building (architect K. Beine). From 1860 to 1862 he, together with F. Hess, supervised the construction of the First Riga German Theater (architect Ludwig Bohnstedt) In 1862 Scheel became lecturer at the St. Peterburg Academy of Arts although his main workplace was Riga. In the second half of 19th century Heinrich Scheel designed buildings in Riga, Ventspils and also Estonia. He has also restored many ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp
Sachsenhausen () or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year. It mainly held political prisoners throughout World War II. Prominent prisoners included Joseph Stalin's oldest son, Yakov Dzhugashvili; assassin Herschel Grynszpan; Paul Reynaud, the penultimate Prime Minister of France; Francisco Largo Caballero, Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War; the wife and children of the Crown Prince of Bavaria; Ukrainian nationalist leader Stepan Bandera; and several enemy soldiers and political dissidents. Sachsenhausen was a labor camp, outfitted with several subcamps, a gas chamber, and a medical experimentation area. Prisoners were treated inhumanely, fed inadequately, and killed openly. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used by the NKVD as NKVD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
