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Dicraeosaurids BW
Dicraeosauridae is a Family (biology), family of Diplodocoidea, diplodocoid sauropods who are the sister group to Diplodocidae. Dicraeosaurids are a part of the Flagellicaudata, along with Diplodocidae. Dicraeosauridae includes genera such as ''Amargasaurus'', ''Suuwassea'', ''Dicraeosaurus'', and ''Brachytrachelopan''. Specimens of this family have been found in North America, Asia, Africa, and South America. Their temporal range is from the Early Jurassic, Early or Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. Few dicraeosaurids survived into the Cretaceous, the youngest of which was ''Amargasaurus''. The group was first described by German paleontologist Werner Janensch in 1914 with the discovery of ''Dicraeosaurus'' in Tanzania. Dicraeosauridae are distinct from other sauropods because of their relatively short neck size and small body size. The clade is monophyletic and well-supported phylogenetically with thirteen unambiguous synapomorphies uniting it. They diverged from Diplod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 163.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Paleogeography During the Middle Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Eastern Laurasia was tectonically active as the Cimmerian plate continued to collide with Laurasia's southern coast, completely closing the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellicaudata
Flagellicaudata is a clade of Dinosauria. It belongs to Sauropoda and includes two families, the Dicraeosauridae and the Diplodocidae. Phylogeny The clade Flagellicaudata was erected by Harris and Dodson (2004) for the diplodocoid clade formed by Dicraeosauridae and Diplodocidae in their paper describing a new genus of sauropod dinosaur, ''Suuwassea''. The authors carried out a phylogenetic analysis and noted that ''Suuwassea'', although more derived than Rebbachisauridae, is in a trichotomy with other families belonging to Diplodocoidea (Diplodocidae and Dicraeosauridae). Flagellicaudata was defined as a node-based clade consisting of the most recent common ancestor of ''Dicraeosaurus'' and ''Diplodocus ''Diplodocus'' (, , or ) was a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs, whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. The generic name, coined by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878, is a neo-Latin term derived from Greek διπ ...'' and all of its descendan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicraeosaurus Hansemanni
''Dicraeosaurus'' (Gr. , ' "bifurcated, double-headed" + Gr. , ' "lizard") is a genus of diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Lindi Region, Tanzania during the late Jurassic period. The genus was named for the neural spines on the back of its neck. The first fossil was described by paleontologist Werner Janensch in 1914. Description Unlike most diplodocoids, ''Dicraeosaurus'' had a comparatively large head with a relatively short and wide neck. The neck contained 12 unusually short vertebrae, likely indicating a low-level browser of vegetation no more than off the ground. ''Dicraeosaurus'' also lacked the "whiplash" tail tip typical of diplodocoids. It was smaller than many other diplodocoids, at only in length and , though this still makes it among the larger known members of the family Dicraeosauridae. The genus is notable for the rather tall neural spines protruding from its vertebrae, which it is named for. They were not straight as in some members of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amargasaurus Cazaui
''Amargasaurus'' (; "La Amarga lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous epoch (129.4–122.46 mya) of what is now Argentina. The only known skeleton was discovered in 1984 and is virtually complete, including a fragmentary skull, making ''Amargasaurus'' one of the best-known sauropods of its epoch. ''Amargasaurus'' was first described in 1991 and contains a single known species, ''Amargasaurus cazaui''. It was a large animal, but small for a sauropod, reaching in length. Most distinctively, it sported two parallel rows of tall spines down its neck and back, taller than in any other known sauropod. In life, these spines could have stuck out of the body as solitary structures that supported a keratinous sheath. An alternate hypothesis, now more favored, postulates that they could have formed a scaffold supporting a skin sail. They might have been used for display, combat, or defense. ''Amargasaurus'' was discovered in sedimentary rocks of the La Amar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachytrachelopan Mesai
''Brachytrachelopan'' is a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian to Tithonian) of Argentina. The holotype and only known specimen (Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio MPEF-PV 1716) was collected from an erosional exposure of fluvial sandstone within the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation on a hill approximately north-northeast of Cerro Cóndor, Chubut Province, in west-central Argentina, South America. Though very incomplete, the skeletal elements recovered were found in articulation and include eight cervical, twelve dorsal, and three sacral vertebrae, as well as proximal portions of the posterior cervical ribs and all the dorsal ribs, the distal end of the left femur, the proximal end of the left tibia, and the right ilium. Much of the specimen was probably lost to erosion many years before its discovery. The type species is ''Brachytrachelopan mesai''. The specific name honours Daniel Mesa, a local shepherd who discovered the specimen while searching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dystrophaeus Viaemalae
''Dystrophaeus'' is the name given to an extinct genus of eusauropod dinosaur from the early Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic that existed around 154.8 Ma.Turner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999). "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp. 77–114 in Gillette, D.D. (ed.), ''Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah''. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1. Its fossils were found in the Tidwell Member of the Morrison Formation of Utah. It was a relatively medium-sized sauropod, reaching in length and in body mass. Description Not much can be surmised due to the fragmentary nature and uncertain phylogenetic position of ''Dystrophaeus''. Edward Cope noted in his 1877 description that the humerus was exceptionally long, a characteristic seen in many sauropods, and was then the longest known humerus of any dinosaur.Cope, E. D. (1877)On a dinosaurian from the Trias of Utah.''Proceedings of the American Philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suuwassea Emilieae
''Suuwassea'' is a genus of dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur found in the Upper Jurassic strata of the Morrison Formation, located in southern Carbon County, Montana, United States. The fossil remains were recovered in a series of expeditions during a period spanning the years 1999 and 2000 and were described by J.D. Harris and Peter Dodson in 2004. They consist of a disarticulated but associated partial skeleton, including partial vertebral series and limb bones. Etymology Since the fossil was found in an ancestral territory of the Native American Crow tribe, the etymology of the generic name is derived from a term in their language, ''suuwassa'', “the first thunder heard in spring”. The root ''suu'', meaning “thunder” and ''wassa'', “ancient”, are a nod to the “thunder lizard” moniker often applied to sauropods. The specific descriptor honours the deceased sponsor of the expeditions that recovered the fossil, Emilie deHellebranth (1914–2001). Description ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyslocosaurus Polyonychius
''Dyslocosaurus'' (meaning "hard-to-place lizard") is the name given in 1992 to a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Period of Wyoming, North America. The holotype or type specimen the genus is based on, AC 663, is part of the collection of the Amherst College Museum of Natural History. It was collected by professor Frederic Brewster Loomis. However, the only available information regarding its provenance is that given on the label: " Lance Creek", a county in east Wyoming. Loomis himself thought that it stemmed from the Lance Formation, dating from the Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian. Discovery and naming In 1963 the specimen was brought to the attention of John Stanton McIntosh, who in 1992, together with William Coombs and Dale Russell, decided to create a new genus and species for it.McIntosh, J., Coombs, W. and Russell, D., 1992, "A new diplodocid sauropod (Dinosauria) from Wyoming, U.S.A.". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'', Volume 12, Number 2: 158-167 T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neosauropoda
Neosauropoda is a clade within Dinosauria, coined in 1986 by Argentine paleontologist José Bonaparte and currently described as ''Saltasaurus loricatus'', ''Diplodocus longus'', and all animals directly descended from their most recent common ancestor. The group is composed of two subgroups: Diplodocoidea and Macronaria. Arising in the early Jurassic and persisting until the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, Neosauropoda contains the majority of sauropod genera, including genera such as ''Apatosaurus'', ''Brachiosaurus'', and ''Diplodocus''. It also includes giants such as '' Argentinosaurus'', '' Patagotitan'' and '' Sauroposeidon'', and its members remain the largest land animals ever to have lived. When Bonaparte first coined the term Neosauropoda in 1986, he described the clade as comprising “end-Jurassic” sauropods. While Neosauropoda does appear to have originated at the end of the Jurassic period, it also includes members throughout the Cretaceous. Neosaurop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicraeosauridae Scale
Dicraeosauridae is a family of diplodocoid sauropods who are the sister group to Diplodocidae. Dicraeosaurids are a part of the Flagellicaudata, along with Diplodocidae. Dicraeosauridae includes genera such as ''Amargasaurus'', ''Suuwassea'', ''Dicraeosaurus'', and ''Brachytrachelopan''. Specimens of this family have been found in North America, Asia, Africa, and South America. Their temporal range is from the Early or Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. Few dicraeosaurids survived into the Cretaceous, the youngest of which was ''Amargasaurus''. The group was first described by German paleontologist Werner Janensch in 1914 with the discovery of ''Dicraeosaurus'' in Tanzania. Dicraeosauridae are distinct from other sauropods because of their relatively short neck size and small body size. The clade is monophyletic and well-supported phylogenetically with thirteen unambiguous synapomorphies uniting it. They diverged from Diplodocidae in the Mid-Jurassic, as evidenced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicraeosaurids BW
Dicraeosauridae is a Family (biology), family of Diplodocoidea, diplodocoid sauropods who are the sister group to Diplodocidae. Dicraeosaurids are a part of the Flagellicaudata, along with Diplodocidae. Dicraeosauridae includes genera such as ''Amargasaurus'', ''Suuwassea'', ''Dicraeosaurus'', and ''Brachytrachelopan''. Specimens of this family have been found in North America, Asia, Africa, and South America. Their temporal range is from the Early Jurassic, Early or Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. Few dicraeosaurids survived into the Cretaceous, the youngest of which was ''Amargasaurus''. The group was first described by German paleontologist Werner Janensch in 1914 with the discovery of ''Dicraeosaurus'' in Tanzania. Dicraeosauridae are distinct from other sauropods because of their relatively short neck size and small body size. The clade is monophyletic and well-supported phylogenetically with thirteen unambiguous synapomorphies uniting it. They diverged from Diplod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gondwana
Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages of break-up, involving the separation of Antarctica from South America (forming the Drake Passage) and Australia, occurred during the Paleogene. Gondwana was not considered a supercontinent by the earliest definition, since the landmasses of Baltica, Laurentia, and Siberia were separated from it. To differentiate it from the Indian region of the same name (see ), it is also commonly called Gondwanaland. Gondwana was formed by the accretion of several cratons. Eventually, Gondwana became the largest piece of continental crust of the Palaeozoic Era, covering an area of about , about one-fifth of the Earth's surface. During the Carboniferous Period, it merged with Laurasia to form a larger supercontinent called Pangaea. Gondwana (and Pan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
