Defensive Walls In Safavid Iran
Defensive walls in Safavid Iran were few in number, a development which can be traced back in dialectical fashion to the low appreciation of artillery by the Military of Safavid Iran, Iranian army in contemporaneous times and the concept and execution of city construction—the latter being itself a reflection of the physical characteristics of Safavid Iran coupled with the workings of historical contingency. In Safavid Iran, rather than walls, it was usually the citadel within the urban area that functioned as the city's stronghold and the refuge for stationed forces and some of the city's population. The Safavid period was seemingly a period wherein the number of towns surrounded by walls and fortifications decreased gradually. Responsible for this, the historian Rudi Matthee explains, was a lack of repair due to, in part, absence of a centrally organised defence policy, and a weakly developed municipal organisation, and in some cases a deliberate "decastellation". For instance, S ...
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