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Defensive Driving
Defensive driving describes the practice of anticipating dangerous situations, despite adverse conditions or the mistakes of others when operating a motor vehicle. It can be achieved by adhering to general guidelines, such as keeping a two- or three-second gap between the driver's vehicle and the vehicle in front to ensure adequate space to stop. It is a form of training for drivers that goes beyond road rules and the basic mechanics of driving techniques. Defensive driving reduces the risk of collisions and improves road safety. History A driver safety program called the ''Driver Example Program'' was developed in 1964 by Chris Imhoff of the (US) National Safety Council. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brunel University
Brunel University London is a public research university located in the Uxbridge area of London, England. It was founded in 1966 and named after the Victorian engineer and pioneer of the Industrial Revolution, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. In June 1966, Brunel College of Advanced Technology was awarded a royal charter and became Brunel University. The university is often described as a British plate glass university. Brunel is organised into three colleges, a structure adopted in August 2014 which also changed the university's name to Brunel University London. Brunel has over 16,150 students and 2,500 staff, and had a total income of £237 million in 2019–20, of which 30% came from grants and research contracts. Brunel has three constituent Academic Colleges: the College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences; the College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences; and the College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences. Brunel is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Situation Awareness
Situational awareness or situation awareness (SA) is the perception of environmental elements and events with respect to time or space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their future status. An alternative definition is that situation awareness is adaptive, externally-directed consciousness that has as its products knowledge about a dynamic task environment and directed action within that environment. However, while Endsley's definition is widespread, the theory and measures used to develop it do not attract widespread consensus. SA is a nebulous concept which shares many criticisms with those levelled at the idea of consciousness itself. An early criticism of the definition and model illustrates a reasoning fallacy which has yet to be addressed in the development of SA definition and theory: Situation awareness has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-making across a broad range of situations, many of which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road-traffic Safety
Road traffic safety refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured. Typical road users include pedestrians, cyclists, Driving, motorists, vehicle passengers, horse riders, and passengers of on-road public transport (mainly buses and trams). Best practices in modern road safety strategy: As sustainable solutions for classes of road safety have not been identified, particularly low-traffic rural and remote roads, a hierarchy of control should be applied, similar to classifications used to improve occupational safety and health. At the highest level is sustainable prevention of serious injury and death crashes, with sustainable requiring all key result areas to be considered. At the second level is real-time risk reduction, which involves providing users at severe risk with a specific warning to enable them to take mitigating action. The third level is about reducing the crash risk which involves applying the road-design st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roadcraft
Roadcraft refers to the system of car or motorcycle control outlined in two books ''Roadcraft: The Police Driver's Handbook'' and ''Motorcycle Roadcraft: The Police Rider's Handbook''. The books are produced by the Police Foundation and published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). Overview Roadcraft is the UK's police handbook that outlines a system of car and motorcycle control split into four phases represented by the acronym PSGA: # Informationis not a phase in itself but is received from the outside world by observation, and given by use of signals such as direction indicators, headlamp flashes, and horn; is a general theme running continuously throughout the application of the system by taking, using and giving information; # Position on the road optimised for safety, visibility and correct routing, followed by best progress; # Speed appropriate to the hazard being approached, attained via explicit braking or throttle control (engine braking), always being able ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Teen Driver Safety Week
National Teen Driver Safety Week (NTDSW) is conducted annually during the third week of October in the United States. It was established by Congress in 2007. Background Motor vehicle crashes remain the primary cause of death for adolescents. Teen drivers (ages 16 to 19) are involved in fatal crashes at four times the rate of adult drivers (ages 25 to 69). Each year, more than 5,000 teens are killed in motor vehicle crashes. History After a series of tragic crashes involving Pennsylvania high school students, Representatives Charlie Dent (R- PA) and Senator Bob Casey Jr. (D- PA) sponsored over 50 co-sponsors to introduce the resolution creating National Teen Driver Safety Week (NTDSW). The initiative was supported by the traffic safety experts at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and State Farm Insurance Companies. A national survey conducted in 2007 by State Farm and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia provided some facts into the teen driving environment, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Impact Teen Drivers
Impact Teen Drivers is an organization intended to help teens reduce their risk of being involved in auto collisions, particularly those caused by everyday distractions and inexperienced decision making. Founders Impact Teen Drivers was founded in mid-2007 by the California Association of Highway Patrolmen, California Casualty Management Company, and the California Teachers Association. The Executive Board consists of CEO California Association of Highway Patrolmen Jon Hamm, Senior Vice President of California Casualty George Bowen, Executive Director California Teachers Association Carolyn Doggett, CHP Commissioner Joe Farrow, California State Superintendent Jack O'Connell, and Parent Representative Robin Reid-Anderson. Impact Teen Drivers is led by Executive Director Dr. Kelly Browning. Jon Hamm conceived the idea because of the large number of crashes involving youth that the California Highway Patrol respond to. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automobile Safety
Automotive safety is the study and practice of design, construction, equipment and regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of traffic collisions involving motor vehicles. Road traffic safety more broadly includes roadway design. One of the first formal academic studies into improving motor vehicle safety was by Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory of Buffalo, New York. The main conclusion of their extensive report is the crucial importance of seat belts and padded dashboards. However, the primary vector of traffic-related deaths and injuries is the disproportionate mass and velocity of an automobile compared to that of the predominant victim, the pedestrian. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of cars sold in the world are not compliant with main safety standards. Only 40 countries have adopted the full set of the seven most important regulations for car safety. In the United States, a pedestrian is injured by a motor vehicle every 8 minutes, and ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Driving Test
The advanced driving test is a special exam for motorists who can drive to a skill level substantially above average, and candidates who pass are called ''advanced drivers''. It is available from several societies, including IAM RoadSmart, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, the Driving Instructors' Association DIAmond Advanced Test and the British Motorcyclists Federation (BMF) Blue Riband. There is no single "advanced test", so standards are different depending on the provider. It does not affect the driver's own licence. The test is mostly (but not exclusively) UK based; and is available for several types of vehicle (including car and motorcycle) depending on the provider. Most candidates need advanced lessons before the advanced test. They may be provided by examining body (as with IAM) or the candidate can pay their own instructor privately, as is UK standard practice for the initial driving test. It is based on Roadcraft, the police driving system. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport Research Laboratory
TRL Limited, trading as TRL (formerly Transport Research Laboratory) is an independent private company offering a transport consultancy and research service to the public and private sector. Originally established in 1933 by the UK Government as the Road Research Laboratory (RRL), it was privatised in 1996. Its motto or tagline is 'The Future of Transport'. History TRL was originally established in 1933 by the UK Government as the Road Research Laboratory (RRL) under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), and later became the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL) in 1972. During the Second World War, the Laboratory contributed to the war effort. Among its contributions, under William Glanville, were research that aided the development of plastic armour, the bouncing bomb and the Disney bomb. During governmental reorganisation in the 1970s, the TRRL moved from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to the Department of the Environment (DoE). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ergonomics Society
The Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (CIEHF – formerly The Ergonomics Society) is a United Kingdom-based professional society for ergonomists, human factors specialists, and those involved in user-centred design. History The Ergonomics Society was officially created on 17 September 1949 at a meeting of a number of academics at the Admiralty in London. Among the founding members were Frederic Bartlett, Donald Broadbent, W. E. Hick, Alan Welford, and J. S. Weiner. In 1957 it started to publish the periodical journal ''Ergonomics''. In partnership with Taylor & Francis and Elsevier, the Institute currently publishes six journals: ''Ergonomics'', ''Applied Ergonomics'', ''Behaviour and Information Technology'', ''Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science'', ''Injury Control and Safety Promotion'' and the ''Journal of Sports Sciences''. Following a meeting of the Privy Council on 27 May 2014, Her Majesty The Queen approved an Order granting a Royal Charter to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Of Cottenham
Earl of Cottenham (), of Cottenham in the County of Cambridge, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1850 for the prominent lawyer and Whig politician Charles Pepys, 1st Baron Cottenham. ) He served as Lord Chancellor from 1836 to 1841 and from 1846 to 1850. Pepys had already been created Baron Cottenham, of Cottenham in the County of Cambridge, in 1836, and was made Viscount Crowhurst, of Crowhurst in the County of Surrey, at the same time he was given the earldom. These titles are also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The viscountcy is used as a courtesy title for the Earl's eldest son and heir apparent. In 1845 Lord Cottenham succeeded his elder brother as third Baronet, of Wimpole Street, and in 1849 he also succeeded his cousin as fourth Baronet, of Brook Street, according to a special remainder in the letters patent. The Baronetcy, of Wimpole Street, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1801 for Lord Cottenham's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
