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Deen (Arabic Term)
Dīn ( ar, دين, Dīn, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion. It is used by both Muslims and Arab Christians. In Islamic terminology, the word refers to the way of life Muslims must adopt to comply with divine law, encompassing beliefs, character and deeds. The term appears in the Quran 98 times with different connotations, including in the phrase ''yawm al-din'' ( ar, يوم الدين), generally translated to "Day of Judgment" or the famous verse "La ikraha fid din" which translates to "Let there be no compulsion in religion." ( Abdullah Yusuf Ali Translation). Etymology The Arabic ''dīn'' has Semitic cognates, including the Hebrew "dīn" (), Aramaic ''dīnā'' (), Amharic ''dañä'' (ዳኘ) and Ugaritic ''dyn'' (𐎄𐎊𐎐). The Arabic sense of judgment is likely analogous to the Hebraeo-Aramaic cognate root. The Hebrew term " דין", transliterated as "dīn", means either "law" or "judgement". In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term ''sharīʿah'' refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with ''fiqh'', which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course, fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application (Ahkam / fatwa) studies of laws and rules, but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with " customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads. It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crimes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Vollers
Karl Vollers (March 19, 1857, Hooksiel (Oldenburg) – January 5, 1909) was a German orientalist. Vollers went to school in Hildesheim and Jever where he received his high-school degree ''Abitur'' in 1875. Vollers studied Protestant theology and Oriental languages in Tübingen, Halle, Berlin, and Strassburg. He graduated in 1879. From fall 1879 to July 1880 he worked as a private teacher in Constantinople. In 1880 he received the licentia docendi for theology in Jena. His first professional appointment as teacher at a local gymnasium (high-school) in Fürstenwalde in Saxony, where he served between October 1881 to 1882. After the defense of his PhD thesis at Halle University he was appointed assistant at the Royal Library in Berlin in October 1882 under the directorship of Carl Lepsius. In 1886, he was appointed director of the Khedival Library in Cairo, a position held by several German orientalists before World War I. He earned his reputation as dialectologist by writing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasatiyyah (Islamic Term)
In Islam, ''wasat'' (moderation) is one of the most basic terms and deliberately used topics. In the sense of shariah, it is a central characteristic of Islamic creed and has been used from the very beginning of Islam. It refers to a justly balanced way of life, avoiding extremes and experiencing things in moderation. Etymology ''Wasat'', also called ''wasatiyyah'' () is the Arabic word for ''best'', ''middle'', ''centered'', ''balanced'', ''middle way'' or ''moderation'' in the Islamic context, meanwhile ''Qasd''قصد and ''Iqtisad''اقتصاد are other terms for moderation in Islam, which mean "right way," "middle way," and "honest, truthful way." The term is also used in the Qur'an and Hadith to mean moderation. For example: Surah Nahl (16) in verse 9, Surah Ma'idah (5) in verse 66, Surah Tawba (9) in verse 42, Surah Luqman (31) in verse 19 and 32, and Surah Fatir (35) in verse 32. The person who follows wasat/qasd is called ''wasati/wasiti'/Muqsidin'. In addition, the words ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Islamic Terms In Arabic
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place. Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daena
Daēnā () is a Zoroastrian concept representing insight and revelation, hence "conscience" or "religion." Alternately, ''Daena'' is considered to be a divinity, counted among the ''yazata''s. Nomenclature Daena is a feminine noun which translates to "that which is seen or observed". In ''Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith'', Peter Clark suggests that the term might also be tied to the Avestan root "deh" or "di-" to gain understanding.Clark, Peter (1998), ''Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith'', 1, Sussex: Sussex Academic Press: 69-70. The Avestan term – trisyllabic ' in Gathic Avestan and bisyllabic ' in Younger Avestan – continues into Middle Persian as ''dēn'' (), which preserves the Avestan meanings. For comparison, it has a Sanskrit cognate ''dhénā'' which means thought, but thought in its higher and spiritual reaches. The word ''Zen'', as used in the name of the religious sect of Zen Buddhism, is derived from the cognate ''dh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shari'a
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term ''sharīʿah'' refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with ''fiqh'', which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course, fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application (Ahkam / fatwa) studies of laws and rules, but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with " customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads. It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crimes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qur'an
The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , sing.: ), which consist of verses (pl.: , sing.: , cons.: ). In addition to its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning in the month of Ramadan, when Muhammad was 40; and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle; a proof of his prophethood; and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to Adam, including the Torah, the Psalms and the Gospel. The word ''Quran'' occurs so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes
Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes (15 December 1862 – 12 August 1957) was a French Arabist, a specialist in Islam and the history of religions. His best known works are his historical and religious studies on Hajj and Muslim institutions. He also translated into French in an annotated edition the story of Arab travel writer and explorer Ibn Jubair (1145–1217).''Ibn Jubayr: Voyages. Traduits et annotés''. Paris, Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1949-1965 (4 parts in 1 volume). (c. 1965) (''Documents relatifs à l'histoire des Croisades'', 4-7) His book written after Arab authors on Syria at the time of the Mamluk is also a seminal work. Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes was a professor at the École nationale des langues orientales vivantes (today INALCO). Works *1898: Ibn Khaldoun : ''Les Rois de Grenade'' (translation) *1900: ''Les Cérémonies du mariage en Algérie'' *1923: ''Le Pèlerinage à la Mekke. Étude d'histoire religieuse''. (Annales of the Guimet Museum: Biblioth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daena
Daēnā () is a Zoroastrian concept representing insight and revelation, hence "conscience" or "religion." Alternately, ''Daena'' is considered to be a divinity, counted among the ''yazata''s. Nomenclature Daena is a feminine noun which translates to "that which is seen or observed". In ''Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith'', Peter Clark suggests that the term might also be tied to the Avestan root "deh" or "di-" to gain understanding.Clark, Peter (1998), ''Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith'', 1, Sussex: Sussex Academic Press: 69-70. The Avestan term – trisyllabic ' in Gathic Avestan and bisyllabic ' in Younger Avestan – continues into Middle Persian as ''dēn'' (), which preserves the Avestan meanings. For comparison, it has a Sanskrit cognate ''dhénā'' which means thought, but thought in its higher and spiritual reaches. The word ''Zen'', as used in the name of the religious sect of Zen Buddhism, is derived from the cognate ''dh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avestan
Avestan (), or historically Zend, is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages: Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd millennium BCE) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BCE). They are known only from their conjoined use as the scriptural language of Zoroastrianism, and the Avesta likewise serves as their namesake. Both are early Eastern Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian language branch of the Indo-European language family. Its immediate ancestor was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language; as such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language. The Avestan text corpus was composed in the ancient Iranian satrapies of Arachosia, Aria, Bactria, and Margiana, corresponding to the entirety of present-day Afghanistan as well as parts of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrian
Zoroastrianism is an Iranian religion and one of the world's oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. It has a dualistic cosmology of good and evil within the framework of a monotheistic ontology and an eschatology which predicts the ultimate conquest of evil by good. Zoroastrianism exalts an uncreated and benevolent deity of wisdom known as '' Ahura Mazda'' () as its supreme being. Historically, the unique features of Zoroastrianism, such as its monotheism, messianism, belief in free will and judgement after death, conception of heaven, hell, angels, and demons, among other concepts, may have influenced other religious and philosophical systems, including the Abrahamic religions and Gnosticism, Northern Buddhism, and Greek philosophy. With possible roots dating back to the 2nd millennium BCE, Zoroastrianism enters recorded history around the middle of the 6th century BCE. It served as the state religion of the ancient I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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