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Decentralized Network 42
dn42 is a decentralized peer-to-peer network built using VPNs and software/hardware BGP routers. While other darknets try to establish anonymity for their participants, that is not what dn42 aims for. It is a network to explore routing technologies used in the Internet and tries to establish direct non- NAT-ed connections between the members. The network is not fully meshed. dn42 uses mostly tunnels instead of physical links between the individual networks. Each participant is connected to one or more other participants. Over the VPN or the physical links, BGP is used for inter AS routing. While OSPF is the most commonly used protocol for intra AS routing, each participant is free to choose any other IGP, like Babel, inside their AS. History The DN42 project grew out of the popular PeerIX project started by HardForum members in mid-2009. The PeerIX project, while small in initial numbers grew to over 50 active members with a backlog of 100 requests to join the network. U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the network. They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes. Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination by servers or stable hosts. Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to the traditional client–server model in which the consumption and supply of resources are divided. While P2P systems had previously been used in many application domains, the architecture was popularized by the file sharing system Napster, originally released in 1999. The concept has inspired new structures and philosophies in many areas of human interaction. In such social contexts, peer-to-peer as a meme refers to the egalitarian so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subnetwork
A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network. Updated by RFC 6918. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting. Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical most-significant bit-group in their IP addresses. This results in the logical division of an IP address into two fields: the ''network number'' or ''routing prefix'' and the ''rest field'' or ''host identifier''. The ''rest field'' is an identifier for a specific host or network interface. The ''routing prefix'' may be expressed in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation written as the first address of a network, followed by a slash character (''/''), and ending with the bit-length of the prefix. For example, is the prefix of the Internet Protocol version 4 network starting at the given address, having 24 bits allocated for the network prefix, and the remaining 8 bits reserved for host addressing. Addresses in the range to belon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cisco IOS
The Internetworking Operating System (IOS) is a family of proprietary network operating systems used on several router and network switch models manufactured by Cisco Systems. The system is a package of routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system. Although the IOS code base includes a cooperative multitasking kernel, most IOS features have been ported to other kernels, such as Linux and QNX, for use in Cisco products. Not all Cisco networking products run IOS. Exceptions include some Cisco Catalyst switches, which run IOS XE, and Cisco ASR routers, which run either IOS XE or IOS XR; both are Linux-based operating systems. For data center environments, Cisco Nexus switches (Ethernet) and Cisco MDS switches ( Fibre Channel) both run Cisco NX-OS, also a Linux-based operating system. History The IOS network operating system was created from code written by William Yeager at Stanford University, which w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JunOS
Junos OS (also known as Juniper Junos, Junos and JUNOS) is a FreeBSD-based network operating system used in Juniper Networks routing, switching and security devices. Versioning Junos OS was first made available on 7 July 1998, with new feature updates being released every quarter 2008. JUNOS Senior Product Manager Michael Bushong attributed the release speed to Juniper's strategic decision to maintain a single operating system across routing and switching platforms. This decision contrasts with vendors such as Cisco, who maintain several different operating systems for different products. , the latest version is Junos OS 22.2, released on 23 July 2022. Architecture Junos operating system is primarily based on Linux and FreeBSD, with Linux running as bare metal, and FreeBSD running in a QEMU Virtual machine. Because FreeBSD is a Unix implementation, customers can access a Unix shell and execute normal Unix commands. Junos runs on most or all Juniper hardware systems. After Jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XORP
XORP is an open-source Internet Protocol routing software suite originally designed at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California. The name is derived from ''eXtensible Open Router Platform''. It supports OSPF, BGP, RIP, PIM, IGMP, OLSR. The product is designed from principles of software modularity and extensibility and aims at exhibiting stability and providing feature requirements for production use while also supporting networking research. The development project was founded by Mark Handley in 2000. Receiving funding from Intel, Microsoft, and the National Science Foundation, it released its first production software in July 2004. The project was then run by Atanu Ghosh of the International Computer Science Institute, in Berkeley, California. In July 2008, the International Computer Science Institute transferred the XORP technology to a new entity, XORP Inc., a commercial startup founded by the leaders of the opensource project team and backed by On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenBGPD
OpenBGPD, also known as OpenBSD Border Gateway Protocol Daemon, is a server software program that allows general purpose computers to be used as routers. It is a Unix system daemon that provides a free, open-source implementation of the Border Gateway Protocol version 4. This allows a machine to exchange routes with other systems that speak BGP. OpenBSD Border Gateway Protocol Daemon is developed by Henning Brauer, Peter Hessler, and Claudio Jeker as part of the OpenBSD project. OpenOSPFD, developed by Esben Nørby, is a companion daemon of OpenBGPD that implements the Open Shortest Path First protocol. The suite was developed as an alternative to packages such as Quagga, a Linux-focused routing suite which is licensed under the GPL and does not meet the project's requirements and quality standards. Goals The design goals of OpenBSD Border Gateway Protocol Daemon include being secure ( non-exploitable), reliable, and lean enough for most users, both in size and memory usage. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FRRouting
Free Range Routing or FRRouting or FRR is a network routing software suite running on Unix-like platforms, particularly Linux, Solaris, OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD. It was created as a fork from Quagga. FRRouting is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2 (GPL2). FRR provides implementations of the following protocols: * Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) * Routing Information Protocol (RIP) * Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) * IS-IS * Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) * Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) * Babel * Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) * Ethernet VPN (EVPN) It also provides alpha implementations of: * Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) * Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) History FRRouting broke away from the free routing software Quagga. Several Quagga contributors, including Cumulus Networks, 6WIND, and BigSwitch Networks, citing frustration about the pace of development, decided to fork the software and for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird Internet Routing Daemon
BIRD (recursive acronym for ''BIRD Internet Routing Daemon'') is an open-source implementation for routing Internet Protocol packets on Unix-like operating systems. It was developed as a school project at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, and is distributed under the GNU General Public License. BIRD supports Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6 by running separate daemons. It establishes multiple routing tables, and uses BGP, RIP, and OSPF routing protocols, as well as statically defined routes. Its design differs significantly from GNU Zebra, Quagga and FRRouting. Currently BIRD is included in many Linux distributions, such as Debian, Ubuntu and Fedora. BIRD is used in several Internet exchanges, such as the London Internet Exchange (LINX), LONAP, DE-CIX and MSK-IX as a route server, where it replaced Quagga because of its scalability issues. According to the 2012 Euro-IX survey, BIRD is the most used route server amongst European Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virtual Machine
In computing, a virtual machine (VM) is the virtualization/emulation of a computer system. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and provide functionality of a physical computer. Their implementations may involve specialized hardware, software, or a combination. Virtual machines differ and are organized by their function, shown here: * '' System virtual machines'' (also termed full virtualization VMs) provide a substitute for a real machine. They provide functionality needed to execute entire operating systems. A hypervisor uses native execution to share and manage hardware, allowing for multiple environments which are isolated from one another, yet exist on the same physical machine. Modern hypervisors use hardware-assisted virtualization, virtualization-specific hardware, primarily from the host CPUs. * Process virtual machines are designed to execute computer programs in a platform-independent environment. Some virtual machine emulators, such as QEMU and video ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Server (computing)
In computing, a server is a piece of computer hardware or software (computer program) that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called " clients". This architecture is called the client–server model. Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or performing computation for a client. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a single client can use multiple servers. A client process may run on the same device or may connect over a network to a server on a different device. Typical servers are database servers, file servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers, game servers, and application servers. Client–server systems are usually most frequently implemented by (and often identified with) the request–response model: a client sends a request to the server, which performs some action and sends a response back to the client, typically with a result or acknowledg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomous System Numbers
An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of connected Internet Protocol (IP) routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators on behalf of a single administrative entity or domain, that presents a common and clearly defined routing policy to the Internet. Each AS is assigned an autonomous system number (ASN), for use in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing. Autonomous System Numbers are assigned to Local Internet Registries (LIRs) and end user organizations by their respective Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), which in turn receive blocks of ASNs for reassignment from the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The IANA also maintains a registry of ASNs which are reserved for private use (and should therefore not be announced to the global Internet). Originally, the definition required control by a single entity, typically an Internet service provider (ISP) or a very large organization with independent connections to multiple networks, that adhered to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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