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Dawronoye
Dawronoye ( syr, ܕܲܘܪܵܢܵܝܹܐ) is a secular, leftist, national liberation movement among the Assyrian people. Ideologically characterized by progressive ideas and including socialist elements, its founding roots can be traced to the late 1980s in the town of Midyat in Turkey. The modern manifestation of the movement is controversial among Assyrian organizations worldwide, particularly due to its ties to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD). History In the late 1980s, a group of Assyrian youth gathered in Midyat to discuss the situation of Assyrians in Turkey after an increase of attacks directed at them. Assyrians were not recognized as a distinct ethnic group with their own language, and suffered from discrimination and oppression. The continued violence had led to a wave of migration of Assyrians towards Europe, leading a group of Assyrians to create an organization that had the main goal of preventing the exodus of Assyrians from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawronoye Sun
Dawronoye ( syr, ܕܲܘܪܵܢܵܝܹܐ) is a secular, leftist, national liberation movement among the Assyrian people. Ideologically characterized by progressive ideas and including socialist elements, its founding roots can be traced to the late 1980s in the town of Midyat in Turkey. The modern manifestation of the movement is controversial among Assyrian organizations worldwide, particularly due to its ties to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD). History In the late 1980s, a group of Assyrian youth gathered in Midyat to discuss the situation of Assyrians in Turkey after an increase of attacks directed at them. Assyrians were not recognized as a distinct ethnic group with their own language, and suffered from discrimination and oppression. The continued violence had led to a wave of migration of Assyrians towards Europe, leading a group of Assyrians to create an organization that had the main goal of preventing the exodus of Assyrians from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bethnahrin Freedom Party
The Bethnahrin National Council or Mesopotamia National Council ( syc, ܡܘܬܒܐ ܐܘܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Mawtbo Umthoyo d'Bethnahrin}, MUB), formerly the Bethnahrin Freedom Party ( syc, ܓܒܐ ܕܚܐܪܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Gabo d'Ḥirutho d'Bethnahrin}, GHB) and the Patriotic Revolutionary Organization of Bethnahrin ( syc, ܛܘܟܣܐ ܕܘܪܢܝܐ ܡܬܢܝܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Ṭukoso Dawronoyo Mothonoyo d'Beth Nahrin, PROB) is a militant socialist Assyrian-Syriac party in the Dawronoye movement, whose stated goal is autonomy for Assyrian-Syriac people, either as an independent state or some other structure, in Bethnahrin, the Assyrian homeland. The organization is allied with multiple parties within the Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK), including the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD). History as the PROB and GHB The Patriotic Revolutionary Organization of Bethnahrin was formed in the 1990s by Assyrian-Syriac nationalis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bethnahrin National Council
The Bethnahrin National Council or Mesopotamia National Council ( syc, ܡܘܬܒܐ ܐܘܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Mawtbo Umthoyo d'Bethnahrin}, MUB), formerly the Bethnahrin Freedom Party ( syc, ܓܒܐ ܕܚܐܪܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Gabo d'Ḥirutho d'Bethnahrin}, GHB) and the Patriotic Revolutionary Organization of Bethnahrin ( syc, ܛܘܟܣܐ ܕܘܪܢܝܐ ܡܬܢܝܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Ṭukoso Dawronoyo Mothonoyo d'Beth Nahrin, PROB) is a militant socialist Assyrian-Syriac party in the Dawronoye movement, whose stated goal is autonomy for Assyrian-Syriac people, either as an independent state or some other structure, in Bethnahrin, the Assyrian homeland. The organization is allied with multiple parties within the Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK), including the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD). History as the PROB and GHB The Patriotic Revolutionary Organization of Bethnahrin was formed in the 1990s by Assyrian-Syriac nationalis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nineveh Plain Forces
The Nineveh Plain Forces ( syr, ܚܝ̈ܠܘܬܐ ܕܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ, translit=Ḥaylawotho d'Deshto d'Ninwe) or NPF was a military organization that was formed on 6 January 2015 by the indigenous Christian Assyrian people in Iraq, in cooperation with Peshmerga, to defend against Islamic State. The Nineveh Plains is a region at the heart of the Assyrian homeland. The militia is affiliated with the Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party and the Beth Nahrain Patriotic Union (HBA), the latter being part of the secular Dawronoye movement. It participated in the Battle of Mosul (2016–2017). History The Nineveh Plain Forces (NPF) was founded in January 2015 by the Bet Nahrain Democratic Party (BNDP), a small KDP-backed Assyrian political party. The ''Nineveh Plain Forces'' were registered within the Ministry of Peshmerga. At one time, the group claimed it had upwards of 600 soldiers. Yet some observers alleged that no more than 50 soldiers were active at any one time. When the Nineveh Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq. Since 1984, the PKK has utilized asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (with several ceasefires between 1993 and 2013–2015). Although the PKK once sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its aims shifted toward autonomy and increased rights for Kurds within Turkey. The PKK is designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States, the EU and some other countries; however, the labeling of the PKK as a terrorist organization is controversial, and some analysts and organizations contend that the PKK no longer engages in organized terrorist activities or systemically targets civilians. Turkey has often viewed the demand for education in Kurdish language as supportin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beth Nahrin Patriotic Union
Beth Nahrin Patriotic Union (Arabic: الاتحاد الوطني بيت نهرين) is an Assyrian political party founded in 1996, in the Slemani area of Iraq, as part of the Dawronoye movement. Since the 2003 Iraq War, the party has taken part in the country's elections, but has failed to ever win a seat. It is the Iraqi branch of Bethnahrin National Council The Bethnahrin National Council or Mesopotamia National Council ( syc, ܡܘܬܒܐ ܐܘܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Mawtbo Umthoyo d'Bethnahrin}, MUB), formerly the Bethnahrin Freedom Party ( syc, ܓܒܐ ܕܚܐܪܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, Gabo d' .... References 1996 establishments in Iraq Assyrian political parties Dawronoye Political parties established in 1996 Political parties in Iraq {{Iraq-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers' Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq. Since 1984, the PKK has utilized asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (with several ceasefires between 1993 and 2013–2015). Although the PKK once sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its aims shifted toward autonomy and increased rights for Kurds within Turkey. The PKK is designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States, the EU and some other countries; however, the labeling of the PKK as a terrorist organization is controversial, and some analysts and organizations contend that the PKK no longer engages in organized terrorist activities or systemically targets civilians. Turkey has often viewed the demand for education in Kurdish language as supportin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secularity
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin ''saeculum'', "worldly" or "of a generation"), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion. Anything that does not have an explicit reference to religion, either negatively or positively, may be considered secular. Linguistically, a process by which anything becomes secular is named ''secularization'', though the term is mainly reserved for the secularization of society; and any concept or ideology promoting the secular may be termed ''secularism'', a term generally applied to the ideology dictating no religious influence on the public sphere. Definitions Historically, the word ''secular'' was not related or linked to religion, but was a freestanding term in Latin which would relate to any mundane endeavour. However, the term, saecula saeculorumsaeculōrumbeing the genitive plural of saeculum) as found in the New Testament in the Vulgate translation (circa 410) of the original Koine Greek phrase ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Socialism
Revolutionary socialism is a political philosophy, doctrine, and tradition within socialism that stresses the idea that a social revolution is necessary to bring about structural changes in society. More specifically, it is the view that revolution is a necessary precondition for transitioning from a capitalist to a socialist mode of production. Revolution is not necessarily defined as a violent insurrection; it is defined as a seizure of political power by mass movements of the working class so that the state is directly controlled or abolished by the working class as opposed to the capitalist class and its interests.Thompson, Carl D. (October 1903)"What Revolutionary Socialism Means" ''The Vanguard''. Green Bay: Socialist Party of America. 2 (2): 13. Retrieved 31 August 2020 – via the Marxist Internet Archive. Revolutionary socialists believe such a state of affairs is a precondition for establishing socialism and orthodox Marxists believe it is inevitable but not predetermin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of , with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bethnahrain
''Beth Nahrain'' ( syc, ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, Bêṯ Nahrīn, ); "between (two) rivers") is the name for the region known as Mesopotamia in the Syriac language. Geographically, it refers to the areas between and surrounding the Euphrates and Tigris rivers (as well as their tributaries). The Aramaic name also refers to the area ''around'' the rivers, not only literally between the rivers. The area is considered by Assyrians as their homeland. This area roughly encompasses almost all of present-day Iraq, parts of southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, and, more recently, northeastern Syria. The Assyrians are considered to be indigenous inhabitants of ''Beth Nahrain''. "Nahrainean" or "Nahrainian" is the Anglicized name for "''Nahrāyā''" (), which is the Aramaic equivalent of "Mesopotamian". History Etymology While it may be thought that the name is calqued from ''Mesopotamia'' ( grc, Μεσοποταμία), the opposite is more probable. The Aramaic name has been attested since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assyrian Flag
The Assyrian flag ( syr, ܐܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ or ) is the flag widely used to represent the Assyrian nation in the homeland and in the diaspora. Its two components, the star of Utu/Shamash, which was a symbol for the god Shamash, and which was also standardly used on poles since the Akkadian Empire as a symbol for the nation, is combined with the ancient symbol of the god Ashur. George Bit Atanus first designed the flag in 1968; the Assyrian Universal Alliance, Assyrian National Federation and Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party all adopted the flag in 1971. The flag has a white background with a golden circle at the center, surrounded by a four-pointed star in blue. Four triple-colored (red-white-blue), widening, wavy stripes connect the center to the four corners of the flag. The figure of pre-Christian Assyrian God Ashur, known from Iron Age iconography, features above the centre. Symbolism The golden circle at the center represents the sun, which, by its exploding and lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
