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DOPF
DOPF is a designer drug from the substituted amphetamine family. It was first synthesised by Alexander Shulgin and David Nichols in 1989 but was never published at the time, and was finally disclosed in Daniel Trachsel's review of the field in 2013. It has a binding affinity (Ki) of 9 nM at the serotonin receptor 5-HT2A but is not known to have been tested in humans. See also * DOBU * DOEF * DOPR * DOTFM * 2C-TFE * 2C-T-21 * 2C-T-28 2C-T-28 is a lesser-known psychedelic drug related to compounds such as 2C-T-7 and 2C-T-21. It was named by Alexander Shulgin but was never made or tested by him, and was instead first synthesised by Daniel Trachsel some years later. It has a bin ... References Designer drugs Psychedelic phenethylamines Serotonin receptor agonists Methoxy compounds Organofluorides {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOEF
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoroethyl)amphetamine (DOEF; also known as dimethoxyfluoroethylamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and member of the DOx class. DOEF was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL'', the dosage range is listed as 2–3.5 mg, and the duration is listed as 12–16 hours. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of DOEF. See also * DOET * DOPF DOPF is a designer drug from the substituted amphetamine family. It was first synthesised by Alexander Shulgin and David Nichols in 1989 but was never published at the time, and was finally disclosed in Daniel Trachsel's review of the field in ... * DOTFM References Substituted amphetamines Fluoroethyl compounds {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOPR
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine (DOPR) is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 – June 2, 2014) was an American medicinal chemist, biochemist, organic chemist, pharmacologist, psychopharmacologist, and author. He is credited with introducing 3,4-methylenedioxymetha ..., and was described in his book '' PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin described DOPR is a "heavy duty psychedelic", complete with alterations of the thought process and visual distortion. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of DOPR. The alternative structural isomer DOIP, with a 4-isopropyl substitution, is also known but is around ten times weaker than DOPR, with an active dose of some 20–30 mg (as compared to 2–5 mg for DOPR). See also * DOPF * DOx References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-T-28
2C-T-28 is a lesser-known psychedelic drug related to compounds such as 2C-T-7 and 2C-T-21. It was named by Alexander Shulgin but was never made or tested by him, and was instead first synthesised by Daniel Trachsel some years later. It has a binding affinity of 75 nM at 5-HT2A and 28 nM at 5-HT2C. It is reportedly a potent psychedelic drug with an active dose in the 8–20 mg range, and a duration of action of 8–10 hours, with prominent visual effects. 2C-T-28 is the 3-fluoropropyl instead of 2-fluoroethyl chain-lengthened homologue of 2C-T-21 and has very similar properties, although unlike 2C-T-21 it will not form toxic fluoroacetate as a metabolite. See also * 2C-T-16 * 2C-TFE * 3C-DFE * DOPF * Trifluoromescaline * 2C-x * DOx * 25-NB The 25-NB (25''x''-NB''x'') series, sometimes alternatively referred to as the NBOMe compounds, is a family of serotonergic psychedelics. They are substituted phenethylamines and were derived from the 2C family. They act as s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor Agonists
Serotonin () or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. Approximately 90% of the serotonin that the body produces is in the intestinal tract. Biochemically, the indoleamine molecule derives from the amino acid tryptophan, via the (rate-limiting) hydroxylation of the 5 position on the ring (forming the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan), and then decarboxylation to produce serotonin. Serotonin is primarily found in the enteric nervous system located in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). However, it is also produced in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the raphe nuclei located in the brainstem, Merkel cells located in the skin, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and taste receptor cells in the tongue. Additionally, serotonin is stored in blood platelets and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Phenethylamines
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence'' Sometimes, they are called classic hallucinogens, serotonergic hallucinogens, or serotonergic psychedelics, and the term ''psychedelics'' is used more broadly to include all hallucinogens; this article uses the narrower definition of ''psychedelics''. Psychedelics cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and often a substantially altered state of consciousness.Leary, Timothy; Metzner, Ralph (1964). ''The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead'' Psychedelic states are often compared to meditative, psychodynamic or transcendental types of alterations of mind. The "classical" psychedelics, the psyc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drugs
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects, and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of some of these drugs may result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-T-21
2C-T-21 (4-(2-fluoroethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family sometimes used as an entheogen. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Dosage In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', Shulgin lists the dosage range as 8–12 mg. Effects 2C-T-21 is generally taken orally and effects typically last 7 to 10 hours. The potential psychotherapeutic applications of this chemical were explored by Myron Stolaroff. Pharmacology The mechanism that produces 2C-T-21's hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects has not been established; however, it may result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines for which the mechanism of action is known. Dangers On March 9, 2004, a 22-year-old quadriplegic man named James Edwards Downs in St. Francisville, Louisiana, consumed an unknown dose of 2C-T-21 by s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-TFE
2C-TFE is a lesser-known Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants, psychedelic drug related to compounds such as 2C-E and 2C-TFM. It was first synthesised by Daniel Trachsel, and is reportedly a potent psychedelic with an active dose in the 5-15 mg range, and a long duration of action of 12-24 hours. See also * 2C-EF * 3C-DFE * Trifluoromescaline References 2C (psychedelics) Entheogens {{psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects, and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of some of these drugs may result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of '' Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine was first produced at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds found use as decongestants in the symptomatic treatment of colds and also occasionall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOBU
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine (DOBU) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. DOBU was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', only low dosages of 2–3 mg were tested, with the duration simply listed as "very long". DOBU produces paresthesia and difficulty sleeping, but with few other effects. Compared to shorter chain homologues such as DOM, DOET and DOPR which are all potent hallucinogens, DOBU has an even stronger 5-HT2 binding affinity but fails to substitute for hallucinogens in animals or produce hallucinogenic effects in humans, suggesting it has low efficacy and is thus an antagonist or weak partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. Isomers Alternative isomers of DOBU can also be produced, where the 4-(''n''-butyl) group of DOBU is replaced with any of the three other butyl isomers, the ''iso''-butyl, ''sec''-butyl and ''tert''-butyl compounds being called DOIB, DOSB and DO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
