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Czerwień
Czerwień was a West Slavic settlement located near the site of modern Czermno near Tyszowce. In early Middle Ages, the town was the administrative centre of the so-called Czerwień Towns, that is the region roughly correspondent to later Red Ruthenia. The town itself had been destroyed by a Tartar raid around 1289, never to be rebuilt. Its role as the local administrative centre was taken over by the town of Bełz. Czerwien Land In addition to being the name of an ancient city, long since destroyed, Land of Czerwien ( pl, Ziemia Czerwieńska) was the name of a region in the southeast of Poland. See Red Ruthenia. Most of the Land of Czerwien was seized by the Soviet Union, first in September 1939 during the Soviet invasion of Poland. Then at the end of World War II Czerwien is one of the territories annexed by the Soviet Union. The main cities in Czerwien, taken into the USSR and now in Ukraine are Lwow, Kolomea, Kowel, Lutsk, Rovno, Sokal, Stryy, Ternopol, etc. Only a very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherven Cities
The Cherven Cities or Cherven Gords ( pl, Grody Czerwieńskie, uk, Червенські городи), often literally translated as Red Cities, Red Forts or Red Boroughs, was a point of dispute between the Kingdom of Poland and Kievan Rus' at the turn of 10th and 11th centuries, with both sides claiming their rights to the land. Etymology Originally, the name "Cherven Cities" probably identified a territory between the Bug and Wieprz rivers. Its name is derived from Czerwień (cf. Proto-Slavic ''*čьrvenъ'' "red"), a ''gord'' that existed there, possibly on the site of the present village of Czermno. The first mention of the "Cherven cities" is given by the ''Primary Chronicle'' (12th century), when Volodymyr the Great captured them from the ''Lyakhs'' (Poles) in 981. History The Cherven Cities first described in the ''Primary Chronicle'' by Nestor the Chronicler have a central role in the history of the Early Medieval Polish-Ruthenian borderlands. The area is first me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic languages diversified into their historically attested forms over the 10th to 14th centuries. Today, groups which speak West Slavic languages include the Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, and Sorbs. From the twelfth century onwards, most West Slavs converted to Roman Catholicism, thus coming under the cultural influence of the Latin Church, adopting the Latin alphabet, and tending to be more closely integrated into cultural and intellectual developments in western Europe than the East Slavs, who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity and adopted the Cyrillic alphabet. Linguistically, the West Slavic group can be divided into three subgroups: Lechitic, including Polish, Kashubian, and the extinct Polabian and Pomeranian languages; Sorbian in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czermno, Lublin Voivodeship
Czermno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tyszowce, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Tyszowce, north-east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and south-east of the regional capital Lublin. In the early Middle Ages, Czerwien/Czermno was one of the largest Slavic gords of this part of Europe. Its history dates back to the 5th/6th century, and Czermno probably was main center of the so-called “ Czerwien/Cherven Towns”. Czermno/Czerwien was first mentioned in 981, when Vladimir the Great captured it from the Poles. Czerwien remained part of Kievan Rus' until the Mongol invasion of Europe, when it was probably ransacked and destroyed. The location of the historic gord in what is today the village of Czerwien was confirmed by archaeologists, who worked here in 1952, 1976–79 and 1997. Total area of the gord was probably 100 hectares, divided into center, suburbs, settlements and three cemeterie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyszowce
Tyszowce (; yi, טישעוויץ, Tishevitz; uk, Тишо́вце, Tyshóvtse) is a town (since January 1, 2000) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, with 359 inhabitants (2004). Tyszowce was incorporated as a town from 1419 until 1870 when it lost its city charter, to regain it only in 2000. In 1655 the Tyszowce Confederation was formed here. History The history of Tyszowce dates back to the Middle Ages, when a gord probably existed among swampy meadows of the Huczwa river. Following the Mongol Invasion of Poland, in which most local towns were burned to the ground, Tyszowce emerged as a center of trade and administration, at the expense of the destroyed town of Czermno. By the 15th century, Tyszowce had the status of a ducal town, with Magdeburg rights granted to it probably in the early 14th century by Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia. The charter was confirmed in 1453 by Duke of Belz, Wladyslaw I. In 1462, the Duchy of Belz was incorporated into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Ruthenia
Red Ruthenia or Red Rus' ( la, Ruthenia Rubra; '; uk, Червона Русь, Chervona Rus'; pl, Ruś Czerwona, Ruś Halicka; russian: Червонная Русь, Chervonnaya Rus'; ro, Rutenia Roșie), is a term used since the Middle Ages for the south-western principalities of the Kievan Rus', namely the Principality of Peremyshl and the Principality of Belz. Nowadays the region comprises parts of western Ukraine and adjoining parts of south-eastern Poland. It has also sometimes included parts of Lesser Poland, Podolia, Right-bank Ukraine and Volhynia. Centred on Przemyśl (Peremyshl) and Belz, it has included major cities such as: Chełm, Zamość, Rzeszów, Krosno and Sanok (now all in Poland), as well as Lviv and Ternopil (now in Ukraine). First mentioned by that name in a Polish chronicle of 1321, Red Ruthenia was the portion of Ruthenia incorporated into Poland by Casimir the Great during the 14th century. The disintegration of Rus', Red Ruthenia was contested by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tartars
Tartary ( la, Tartaria, french: Tartarie, german: Tartarei, russian: Тартария, Tartariya) or Tatary (russian: Татария, Tatariya) was a blanket term used in Western European literature and cartography for a vast part of Asia bounded by the Caspian Sea, the Ural Mountains, the Pacific Ocean, and the northern borders of China, India and Persia, at a time when this region was largely unknown to European geographers. The active use of the toponym (place name) can be traced from the 13th to the 19th centuries. In European sources, Tartary became the most common name for Central Asia that had no connection with the real polities or ethnic groups of the region; until the 19th century, European knowledge of the area remained extremely scarce and fragmentary. In modern English-speaking tradition, the region formerly known as Tartary is usually called Inner or Central Eurasia. Much of this area consists of arid plains, the main nomadic population of which in the past was eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bełz
Belz ( uk, Белз; pl, Bełz; yi, בעלז ') is a small city in Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Richytsia stream. Belz hosts the administration of Belz urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately . Origin of name There are a few theories as to the origin of the name: * Celtic – ''belz'' (water) or ''pelz'' (stream), * German – ' (fur, furry) * Old Slavic and the Boyko language – «белз» or «бевз» (muddy place), * Old East Slavic – «бълизь» (white place, a glade in the midst of dark woods). The name occurs only in two other places, the first being a Celtic area in antiquity, and the second one being derived from its Romanian name: * ''Belz'' (department Morbihan), Brittany, France * ''Bălți'' (/''Beljcy'', also known in Yiddish as ''Beltz''), Moldova (Bessarabia) History Early history Belz is si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Invasion Of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two-way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. This division is sometimes called the Fourth Partition of Poland. The Soviet (as well as German) invasion of Poland was indirectly indicated in the "secret protocol" of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact signed on 23 August 1939, which divided Poland into "spheres of influence" of the two powers. German and Soviet cooperation in the invasion of Poland has been described as co-belligerence. The Red Army, which vastly outnumbered the Polish defenders, achieved its targets, encountering only limited resistance. Some 320,000 Poles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lwow
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. It was named in honour of Leo, the eldest son of Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great of Poland. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, for a short time, it was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was the centre of the Lwów Voivodeship in the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). Following the Allied victory over the Central Powers in 1918, the RAF emerged as the largest air force in the world at the time. Since its formation, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history. In particular, it played a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign, the Battle of Britain. The RAF's mission is to support the objectives of the British Ministry of Defence (MOD), which are to "provide the capabilities needed to ensure the security and defence of the United Kingdom and overseas territories, including against terrorism; to support the Government's foreign policy objectives particularly in promoting international peace and security". The R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Razed Cities , a Marvel Comics character and Brotherhood of Mutants member
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Raze may refer to: * Demolition **Slighting * Raze, Haute-Saône, a town in France * Raze (house-music group) * Raze (Christian pop group) * Raze (Underworld), a fictional character in the Underworld films * Raze (magazine), a videogame magazine published by Newsfield Publications from 1990-1991 * ''Raze'' (film), a 2013 exploitation film * Raze (comics) The Brotherhood of Mutants, also known as the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants and the Brotherhood, is a team of comic book mutant supervillains in Marvel Comics' universe who are devoted to mutant superiority over normal humans. Their roster has varie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
