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Cuban Women
An older Cuban woman in colourful traditional costume poses playfully with her cigar outside the Plaza de Armas Women in Cuba have the same constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural and social fields, as well as in the family. Cuba is regarded as a regional front-runner in women's rights. According to Article 44 of the Cuban Constitution, "The state guarantees women the same opportunities and possibilities as men in order to achieve woman’s full participation in the development of the country." As of 2015, women hold 48.9% of the parliamentary seats in the Cuban National Assembly ranking sixth of 162 countries on issues of female participation in political life. Many women in Cuba come from different racial backgrounds including Afro-Cuban women. Along with Afro-Cuban women, women in Cuba, formerly a marginalized group, were able to gain higher educational levels and equal advancements in their respective careers. The 1975 Family Code was designed to all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seamstress
A dressmaker, also known as a seamstress, is a person who makes custom clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. Dressmakers were historically known as mantua-makers, and are also known as a modiste or fabrician. Notable dressmakers *Cristóbal Balenciaga *Pierre Balmain *Coco Chanel *Christian Dior * David Emanuel *Norman Hartnell, royal dressmaker *Elizabeth Keckley, modiste and confidante to Mary Todd Lincoln *Jean Muir, fashion designer * Madame Palmyre, a favorite designer and dressmaker of the empress of France * Anna and Laura Tirocchi, Providence, Rhode Island *Isabel Toledo *Madeleine Vionnet * Janet Walker, costumier and dress-making-bust inventor *Charles Frederick Worth Related terms * 'Dressmaker' denotes clothing made in the style of a dressmaker, frequently in the term 'dressmaker details' which includes ruffles, frills, ribbon or braid trim. 'Dressmaker' in this sense is contrasted to 'tailored' and has fallen out of use since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation Of Cuban Women
The Federation of Cuban Women ( es, italic=no, Federación de Mujeres Cubanas) (FMC) was established in 1960 under the revolutionary government with Vilma Espín as its president. Espin fought in the Sierra Maestras with Fidel Castro and Raul Castro and married Raul in 1959. She was the president of the FMC until her death in 2007. The FMC was deeply involved in the 1961 Cuban literacy campaign and in supplying workers after the mass exodus of trained labor following the Revolution. A few of the stated goals of the FMC are: * Bringing women out of the home and into the economy * Reorganizing peasant households that keep women in subservient positions * Developing communal services to alleviate domestic work and childcare * Providing equal opportunities for women * Mobilizing women into political work and government administration * Providing adequate working conditions "to satisfy the particular needs of the female organism and the moral and spiritual needs of women as mothers."Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminization Of Poverty
Feminization of poverty refers to a trend of increasing economic inequality, inequality in living standards between men and women due to the widening gender pay gap, gender gap in poverty. This phenomenon largely links to how women and children are disproportionately represented within the lower socioeconomic status community in comparison to men within the same socioeconomic status. Causes of the feminization of poverty include the structure of family and household, employment, sexual violence, education, climate change, femonomics and health. The traditional stereotypes of women remain embedded in many cultures restricting income opportunities and community involvement for many women. Matched with a low foundation income, this can manifest to a cycle of poverty and thus an inter-generational issue. Entrepreneurship is usually perceived as the cure-all solution for deprivation depletion. Advocates assert that it guides to job design, higher earnings, and lower deprivation prices i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNICEF
UNICEF (), originally called the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund in full, now officially United Nations Children's Fund, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing Humanitarianism, humanitarian and Development aid, developmental aid to children worldwide. The agency is among the most widespread and recognizable social welfare organizations in the world, with a presence in 192 countries and territories. UNICEF's activities include providing immunizations and disease prevention, administering Antiretroviral drug, treatment for children and mothers with HIV, enhancing childhood and maternal nutrition, improving sanitation, promoting education, and providing emergency relief in response to disasters. UNICEF is the successor of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, created on 11 December 1946, in New York, by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration to provide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquarters of the United Nations, headquartered on extraterritoriality, international territory in New York City, and has other main offices in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and Peace Palace, The Hague (home to the International Court of Justice). The UN was established after World War II with Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the aim of preventing future world wars, succeeding the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for United Nations Conference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortion In Cuba
Abortion in Cuba is legal and available upon request, which is rare in Latin America because of widespread Catholic influence. It is unlikely that the rest of Latin America will soon follow the Cuban model as politicians, social commentators, and church officials all tend to oppose abortion, citing reasons of religion and morality. Dr. Sosa Marin of the National Commission for Family Planning has stated that "the right to abort is the right of women and their partners." History Abortion in Cuba used to be limited to cases of harm to the mother or fetus and to cases of pregnancy because of rape. While the nature of this law was highly restrictive, the law itself was not strictly enforced, which meant that abortion was still accessible even before its legalization. Furthermore, prior to full legalization, which covered costs of abortion, private fees were relatively low, allowing most middle- and upper-class women to afford private abortions despite the law. However, as private abo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuban Rap Agency
The Cuban Rap Agency (Agencia Cubana de Rap) is an industry subsidized by the Cuban government aimed at aiding Cuban hip hop artists in attaining radio exposure and recording contracts. Founded in 2002, the Cuban Rap Agency seeks out talented Cuban hip hop artists in order to promote hip-hop in Cuba. The CRA provides a state-run record label named La Fabri-k to help promote hip-hop on the island. The two main groups that make up the La Fabri-k label are Obsesion and Doble Filo. An important part of their style is live musicianship, underlining a mixture of traditional percussion, guitar, violin, cello, saxophone and piano all layered under rhym The CRA is an example of the growing nationalization of rap and music in general in Cuba. Indeed, in 1999, Abel Prieto, the minister of Culture, declared rap to be " an authentic expression of Cuban culture". Skeptics charge the organization with the marginalization of hip-hop in Cuba. Intrinsic to the Cuban Rap Agency's mission of in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perreo
Sandungueo, also known as ''Perreo'', is a style of dance and party music associated with reggaeton that emerged in the late 1980s in Puerto Rico. This style of dancing and music was created by DJ Blass, hence his Sandunguero Vol. 1 & 2 albums and popularized and spread worldwide by the website Sandungueo.com. It is a dance that focuses on moving the hips. It can be danced in many ways. Men and women dance it differently. Perreo, like most dances can be danced alone by moving the hips or it can also be danced with a partner. Bad Bunny made a song called "Yo Perreo Sola," a song for women to emphasize that perreo can also be danced alone and not necessarily with a partner. This goes back to Ivy Queen, who empowered the reggaeton culture by putting in her songs a message for women that they're the ones that can take the lead and remind them that respect is important in perreo. Origins Sandungueo, or ''perreo'' is a dance that involves front-to-back pelvic thrusts in swiveling mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Period
The Special Period ( es, Período especial, link=no), officially the Special Period in the Time of Peace (), was an extended period of economic crisis in Cuba that began in 1991 primarily due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and, by extension, the Comecon. The economic depression of the Special Period was at its most severe in the early to mid-1990s, before slightly declining in severity towards the end of the decade once Hugo Chávez's Venezuela emerged as Cuba's primary trading partner and diplomatic ally, and especially after the year 2000 once Cuba–Russia relations improved under the presidency of Vladimir Putin. It was defined primarily by extreme reductions of rationed foods at state-subsidized prices, the severe shortages of hydrocarbon energy resources in the form of gasoline, diesel, and other petroleum derivatives that occurred upon the implosion of economic agreements between the petroleum-rich Soviet Union and Cuba, and the shrinking of an economy overdepen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prostitution In Cuba
Prostitution in Cuba is not officially illegal; however, there is legislation against pimps, sexual exploitation of minors, and pornography. Sex tourism has existed in the country, both before and after the 1959 Cuban Revolution. Many Cubans do not consider the practice immoral. In Cuban slang, female prostitutes are called ''Jineteras'', and gay male prostitutes are called ''Jineteros'' or ''Pingueros''. The terms literally mean "jockey" or "rider", and colloquially "sexual jockey", and connotes sexual control during intercourse. The terms also have the broader meaning of "hustler", and are related to jineterismo, a range of illegal or semi-legal economic activities related to tourism in Cuba. Stereotypically a ''jinetera'' is represented as a working-class Afro-Cuban woman. Black and mixed-race prostitutes are generally preferred by foreign tourists seeking to buy sex on the island. UNAIDS estimate there are 89,000 prostitutes in the country. Sex trafficking is a problem in the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obsesión (Cuban Band)
Obsesión is a hip-hop duo consisting of Alexey Rodriguez, Isnay Rodriguez, and Magia Lopez. They have been writing and playing music since 1996 and are considered to be one of the most notable groups of the hip hop movement in Cuba. They live and work in Regla, an industrial suburb east of Havana, Cuba. History Alexey had been a breakdancer and a fan of U.S. hip-hop. He worked as a lathe operator and sculptor when, in 1993, he met Magia. She had spent four years performing with an Afro-Cuban dance troupe and had earned a communications degree before she too became a sculptor. In 2003, they embarked on a month-long tour of the United States, culminating in a historical performance at the Apollo Theatre, sharing the stage with The Roots, with a fan base including Harry Belafonte, Afrika Bambaata and Mos Def. In 2006, they attended the World Social Forum in Venezuela and performed at the Festival of Hip-Hop to Fight Against Aids Human immunodeficiency virus infection and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krudas Cubensi
Krudas Cubensi, also known as Las Krudas, is an activist hip-hop group with black feminist, queer and vegan politics. Born in Cuba in the 1990s, it is part of the Caribbean diaspora in the United States since 2006. History Group formation (1996-1999) The three original members of Krudas Cubensi began working together in Havana in the 1990s. In 1996, before officially joining the Cuban hip hop scene, Odaymara Cuesta and Olivia Prendes started the street theatre group Tropazancos Cubensi in collaboration with other Cuban artists. Odaymara's sister, Odalys Cuesta, joined the collective in 1998. Mixing community theatre, rap, and visual arts, Tropazancos was an educational and experimental performance group. Early work as Krudas Cubensi (1999-2006) After performing at the annual rap festival of Alamar, a Havana district known for its importance in the Cuban hip-hop movement, Odaymara, Olivia and Odalys decided to shift gear in their art activism. Krudas Cubensi emerged in 1999 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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