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Cryptobia Bullocki
''Cryptobia'' is a genus of kinetoplastids. Several species are known for being fish pathogens. They can be found in other animals, as well. The name ''Trypanoplasma'' is occasionally used for some of these.Woo, P. T. K. (2003)''Cryptobia'' (''Trypanoplasma'') ''salmositica'' and salmonid cryptobiosis.''Journal of Fish Diseases'' 26(11-12) 627–46. Biology There are 52 species of ''Cryptobia'' known from fish. 40 of these live in the blood, 7 in the gut, and 5 on the body surface. Examples include: *''Cryptobia branchialis'', an ectoparasite that lives on the skin or gills. It can deform the skin and cause anorexia and death. *''Cryptobia iubilans'', an endoparasite that lives in the intestines and causes granulomatous inflammation of the abdominal organs, resulting in weight loss and death. *''Cryptobia salmositica'', '' C. borreli'', and '' C. bullocki'', blood parasites that lead to anaemia and lesions in the haematopoietic tissues. Some ''Cryptobia'' parasitize other animal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobia Helicis
''Cryptobia'' is a genus of kinetoplastids. Several species are known for being fish pathogens. They can be found in other animals, as well. The name ''Trypanoplasma'' is occasionally used for some of these.Woo, P. T. K. (2003)''Cryptobia'' (''Trypanoplasma'') ''salmositica'' and salmonid cryptobiosis.''Journal of Fish Diseases'' 26(11-12) 627–46. Biology There are 52 species of ''Cryptobia'' known from fish. 40 of these live in the blood, 7 in the gut, and 5 on the body surface. Examples include: *''Cryptobia branchialis'', an ectoparasite that lives on the skin or gills. It can deform the skin and cause anorexia and death. *''Cryptobia iubilans'', an endoparasite that lives in the intestines and causes granulomatous inflammation of the abdominal organs, resulting in weight loss and death. *''Cryptobia salmositica'', '' C. borreli'', and '' C. bullocki'', blood parasites that lead to anaemia and lesions in the haematopoietic tissues. Some ''Cryptobia'' parasitize other animal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobia Borreli
''Cryptobia'' is a genus of kinetoplastids. Several species are known for being fish pathogens. They can be found in other animals, as well. The name ''Trypanoplasma'' is occasionally used for some of these.Woo, P. T. K. (2003)''Cryptobia'' (''Trypanoplasma'') ''salmositica'' and salmonid cryptobiosis.''Journal of Fish Diseases'' 26(11-12) 627–46. Biology There are 52 species of ''Cryptobia'' known from fish. 40 of these live in the blood, 7 in the gut, and 5 on the body surface. Examples include: *''Cryptobia branchialis'', an ectoparasite that lives on the skin or gills. It can deform the skin and cause anorexia and death. *''Cryptobia iubilans'', an endoparasite that lives in the intestines and causes granulomatous inflammation of the abdominal organs, resulting in weight loss and death. *''Cryptobia salmositica'', '' C. borreli'', and '' C. bullocki'', blood parasites that lead to anaemia and lesions in the haematopoietic tissues. Some ''Cryptobia'' parasitize other animal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isometamidium Chloride
Isometamidium chloride is a triazene trypanocidal agent used in veterinary medicine. It consists of a single Ethidium bromide like subunit linked to a fragment of the diminazene molecule. Resistance The Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance between July 1989 and February 1993. This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area against the tested target, '' T. congolense'' isolated from Boran Boran (also spelled Buran, Middle Persian: ; New Persian: پوراندخت, ''Pūrāndokht'') was Sasanian queen (or '' banbishn'') of Iran from 630 to 632, with an interruption of some months. She was the daughter of king (or ''shah'') Kho ... cattle. References Amidines Antiparasitic agents Quaternary ammonium compounds {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on microbiological samples. This technique uses the specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target fluorescent dyes to specific biomolecule targets within a cell, and therefore allows visualization of the distribution of the target molecule through the sample. The specific region an antibody recognizes on an antigen is called an epitope. There have been efforts in epitope mapping since many antibodies can bind the same epitope and levels of binding between antibodies that recognize the same epitope can vary. Additionally, the binding of the fluorophore to the antibody itself cannot interfere with the immunological specificity of the antibody or the binding capacity of its antigen. Immunofluorescence is a widely used example of immunostaining (using antibodies to stain proteins) and is a specific example of immunohistochemistry (the use of the antibody-antigen rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (, ) is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann in 1971. The assay uses a solid-phase type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using antibodies directed against the protein to be measured. ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine, plant pathology, and biotechnology, as well as a quality control check in various industries. In the most simple form of an ELISA, antigens from the sample to be tested are attached to a surface. Then, a matching antibody is applied over the surface so it can bind the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme and then any unbound antibodies are removed. In the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. If there was binding, the subsequent reaction produces a detectable signal, most commonly a color change. Performing an ELISA involves at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen. Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can ''tag'' a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. In contrast, the remainder of the antibody is relatively constant. It only occurs in a few varia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist. The process involves extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is then fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, stained and mounted before it is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist; it may also be analyzed chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. An incisional biopsy or core biopsy samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy. Biopsies are most commonly performed for insight into possible cancerous or inflammatory conditions. History T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leech
Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worms that comprise the subclass Hirudinea within the phylum Annelida. They are closely related to the oligochaetes, which include the earthworm, and like them have soft, muscular segmented bodies that can lengthen and contract. Both groups are hermaphrodites and have a clitellum, but leeches typically differ from the oligochaetes in having suckers at both ends and in having ring markings that do not correspond with their internal segmentation. The body is muscular and relatively solid, and the coelom, the spacious body cavity found in other annelids, is reduced to small channels. The majority of leeches live in freshwater habitats, while some species can be found in terrestrial or marine environments. The best-known species, such as the medicinal leech, ''Hirudo medicinalis'', are hematophagous, attaching themselves to a host with a sucker and feeding on blood, having first secreted the peptide hirudin to prevent the blood from c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salmonid
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefishes, graylings, taimens and lenoks, which are collectively known as the salmonids ("salmon-like fish"). The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar''), whose Latin name became that of its genus ''Salmo'', is also the source of the family and order names. Salmonids have a relatively primitive appearance among the teleost fish, with the pelvic fins being placed far back, and an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They have slender bodies, with rounded scales and forked tails, and their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth. Although the smallest species is just long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching . All salmonids spawn in fresh water of upper reaches of rivers and creeks, but in many cases, the fish spen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triodopsis Tridentata
''Triodopsis tridentata'', common name the northern three-tooth or northern threetooth, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae Polygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Polygyridae Pilsbry, 1895. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a .... . ITIS, accessed 13 January 2011. References Polygyridae Gastropods describ ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabitats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobia Innominata
''Cryptobia'' is a genus of kinetoplastids. Several species are known for being fish pathogens. They can be found in other animals, as well. The name ''Trypanoplasma'' is occasionally used for some of these.Woo, P. T. K. (2003)''Cryptobia'' (''Trypanoplasma'') ''salmositica'' and salmonid cryptobiosis.''Journal of Fish Diseases'' 26(11-12) 627–46. Biology There are 52 species of ''Cryptobia'' known from fish. 40 of these live in the blood, 7 in the gut, and 5 on the body surface. Examples include: *''Cryptobia branchialis'', an ectoparasite that lives on the skin or gills. It can deform the skin and cause anorexia and death. *'' Cryptobia iubilans'', an endoparasite that lives in the intestines and causes granulomatous inflammation of the abdominal organs, resulting in weight loss and death. *'' Cryptobia salmositica'', '' C. borreli'', and '' C. bullocki'', blood parasites that lead to anaemia and lesions in the haematopoietic tissues. Some ''Cryptobia'' parasitize other an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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