Crinivirus
''Crinivirus'', formerly the ''lettuce infectious yellows virus group'', is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. They are linear, single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses (and are therefore group IV). There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Examples of species whose entire genomes have been sequenced that are currently classified into the genus include the Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and the Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV).ICTVdB Management (2006) Genetics The viruses of this genus have segmented, bipartite genomes that add up to 7,500–19,500 nucleotides in length. Their genomes also code for proteins that do not form part of the virion particles as well as structural proteins. The Universal Virus Database describes that their genome sequences near their 3'-ends are capable of hairpin-loop formation and also believe that their 5'-ends ...
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Crinivirus
''Crinivirus'', formerly the ''lettuce infectious yellows virus group'', is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. They are linear, single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses (and are therefore group IV). There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Examples of species whose entire genomes have been sequenced that are currently classified into the genus include the Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and the Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV).ICTVdB Management (2006) Genetics The viruses of this genus have segmented, bipartite genomes that add up to 7,500–19,500 nucleotides in length. Their genomes also code for proteins that do not form part of the virion particles as well as structural proteins. The Universal Virus Database describes that their genome sequences near their 3'-ends are capable of hairpin-loop formation and also believe that their 5'-ends ...
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Closteroviridae
''Closteroviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four genera and 59 species in this family, seven of which are unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Taxonomy Genome type and transmission vector are two of the most important traits used for classification. Ampeloviruses and Closteroviruses have monopartite genomes and are transmitted by pseudococcid mealybugs (and soft scale insects) and aphids respectively. While Criniviruses are bipartite and transmitted by whiteflies Whiteflies are Hemipterans that typically feed on the undersides of plant leaves. They comprise the family Aleyrodidae, the only family in the superfamily Aleyrodoidea. More than 1550 species have been described. Description and taxonomy The .... Genera: * '' Ampelovirus'' * '' Closterovirus'' * '' Crinivirus'' * '' Velarivirus'' Unassigned species: * '' Actinidia virus 1'' * ' ...
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Abutilon Yellows Virus
''Abutilon yellows virus'' (AbYV (sometimes AYB) is a virus of the genus ''Crinivirus ''Crinivirus'', formerly the ''lettuce infectious yellows virus group'', is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. They are linear, single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses (and are therefore group IV). There are 14 species in ...''. Particle lengths were measured at 800-850 nm. Partial sequencing has taken place but full sequencing was not complete as of 2008. Criniviruses are considered a threat to crops, though less so than viruses the other whitefly transmitted virus genus '' Begomovirus'', which are predominant in both number and effect. Vector The vector is the banded-wing whitefly, '' Trialeurodes abutiloneus''.Liu, H. Y., Li, R. H., Wisler, G. C., & Duffus, J. E. (1997). Characterization of Abutilon yellows virus–a new clostero-like virus transmitted by banded-wing whitefly (Trialeurodes abutilonea). Phytopathology, 87, S58-S59 References External link ...
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Beet Pseudoyellows Virus
''Beet pseudoyellows virus'' (BPYV) is a species of virus in the genus '' Crinivirus''. The virus was first recognised by James E. Duffus of the United States Department of Agriculture, and reported in 1975 under the title 'A new type of whitefly-transmitted disease – a link to the aphid-transmitted viruses'. Beet (''Beta vulgaris'') in a research greenhouse unexpectedly presented symptoms characteristic of the aphid-vectored virus ''Beet yellows virus'', despite no aphids being present. Instead, greenhouse whiteflies (''Trialeurodes vaporariorum'') were present and determined to be the vector. The presumed new species of virus was designated 'Beet pseudo-yellows virus' (note the hyphen, omitted in the currently accepted name). Further investigation revealed the virus typically causes stunting, interveinal yellowing, and/or chlorotic In botany, chlorosis is a condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll. As chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of leave ...
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Potato Yellow Vein Virus
The Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) is a plant pathogen of the ''Closteroviridae'' family. It is a whitefly-transmitted closterovirus vectored by ''Trialeurodes vaporariorum'', which is known to cause a yellowing disease in potato crops in South America. PYVV RNA have a conserved 3'-terminal secondary structure, which includes a pseudoknot __NOTOC__ A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem. The pseudoknot was first recognized in the turnip yellow .... References Closteroviridae Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{virus-stub ...
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Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus
Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Closteroviridae ''Closteroviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four genera and 59 species in this family, seven of which are unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, parti ...''. References External links ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database: Lettuce infectious yellows virus Closteroviridae Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ...
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Closterovirus
''Closterovirus'', also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. This genus has a probably worldwide distribution and includes among other viral species the ''Beet yellows virus'' (the type species) and ''Citrus tristeza virus'', rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphids or mealybugs for their transmission from plant to plant. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus: * '' Arracacha virus 1'' * '' Beet yellow stunt virus'' * ''Beet yellows virus'' * '' Blackcurrant closterovirus 1'' * '' Burdock yellows virus'' * ''Carnation necrotic fleck virus'' * '' Carrot closterovirus 1'' * '' Carrot yellow leaf virus'' * ''Citrus tristeza virus'' * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2'' * '' Min ...
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Cis-reg
''Cis''-regulatory elements (CREs) or ''Cis''-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which gene regulation, regulate the transcription (genetics), transcription of neighboring genes. CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks, which in turn control morphogenesis, the development of anatomy, and other aspects of embryogenesis, embryonic development, studied in evolutionary developmental biology. CREs are found in the vicinity of the genes that they regulate. CREs typically regulate gene transcription by binding to transcription factors. A single transcription factor may bind to many CREs, and hence control the expression of many genes (pleiotropy). The Latin prefix ''cis'' means "on this side", i.e. on the same molecule of DNA as the gene(s) to be transcribed. CRMs are stretches of DNA, usually 100–1000 DNA base pairs in length, where a number of transcription factors can bind and regulation of gene expression, regulate expression of nearby genes an ...
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Cucurbit Yellow Stunting Disorder Virus
Cucurbit may refer to:- *A plant of the family Cucurbitaceae *The lower part of an alembic *Cucurbit flute The ''hulusi'' (traditional: 葫蘆絲; simplified: 葫 芦 丝; pinyin: húlúsī), also known as the cucurbit flute and the gourd flute is a free reed wind instrument from China, Vietnam and the Shan State and by the indigenous people of A ...

Tomato Infectious Chlorosis Virus
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word , from which the English word ''tomato'' derived. Its domestication and use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The Aztecs used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the Aztecs, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread transfer of plants known as the Columbian exchange. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century. Tomatoes are a significant source of umami flavor. They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. While tomatoes are fruits—bota ...
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Tomato Chlorosis Virus
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word , from which the English word ''tomato'' derived. Its domestication and use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The Aztecs used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the Aztecs, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread transfer of plants known as the Columbian exchange. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century. Tomatoes are a significant source of umami flavor. They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. While tomatoes are fruits—bota ...
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Tetterwort Vein Chlorosis Virus
Tetterwort is a common name for several plants in the family Papaveraceae and may refer to: *'' Chelidonium majus'', native to Europe *''Sanguinaria canadensis ''Sanguinaria canadensis'', bloodroot, is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant native to eastern North America. It is the only species in the genus ''Sanguinaria'', included in the poppy family Papaveraceae, and is most closely related to ' ...