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Cordillera Autonomy Movement
The Cordillera autonomy movement in the Philippines refers to the campaign for greater autonomy for the Cordilleras. The 1986 Constitution allows for the establishment of two autonomous regions in the country; Muslim Mindanao and in the Cordilleras. Two plebiscites (1990 and 1998) were conducted in the Cordillera to legalize the autonomous status of the area where majority of the voters rejected autonomy. The area is currently under the jurisdiction of the Cordillera Administrative Region. There are still efforts from some local sectors to establish an autonomous region in the Cordillera. Background During the Spanish colonial era, the Spaniards referred to the inhabitants of the Cordilleras as the ''Ygorrottes'' or the Igorots while the Americans starting 1908 have governed the area as part of a single locality called as the Mountain Province. People from outside the region, or the lowlanders as they are known in the Cordillera, often referred all ethnic people in the area un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ph Cordillera
In chemistry, pH (), historically denoting "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"), is a scale used to specify the acidity or Base (chemistry), basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions (solutions with higher concentrations of Hydrogen ion#Cation (positively charged), ions) are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. The pH scale is logarithmic scale, logarithmic and inversely indicates the concentration of Hydronium, hydrogen ions in the solution.Bates, Roger G. ''Determination of pH: theory and practice''. Wiley, 1973. :\ce = - \log(a_\ce) = -\log([\ce]/\ce M) where Molar concentration, M = mol dm−3. At 25 Celsius, °C (77Fahrenheit, °F), solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Solutions with a pH of 7 at this temperature are neutral (i.e. have the same concentration of H+ ions as OH− ions, i.e. pure water). The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperaturebei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperialism
Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas, often through employing hard power (economic and military power), but also soft power ( cultural and diplomatic power). While related to the concepts of colonialism and empire, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government. Etymology and usage The word ''imperialism'' originated from the Latin word ''imperium'', which means supreme power, "sovereignty", or simply "rule". It first became common in the current sense in Great Britain during the 1870s, when it was used with a negative connotation. Hannah Arendt and Joseph Schumpeter defined imperialism as expansion for the sake of expansion. Previously, the term had been used to describe what was perceived as Napoleon III's attempts at obtaining political support through f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad. The highland province is known as the ''Salad Bowl of the Philippines'' due to its huge production of upland vegetables. Situated within the interior of Benguet is the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which is administered independent from the province. History The mountainous area now covered by Benguet is generally presumed to have been settled from at least the 14th century by tribes coming from the surrounding lowlands, lured by the abundance of natural resources such as gold, hides, and wax. Two of these groups, the Ibaloi and the Kankanaey, are dominant ethnolinguistic groups of the area. In the pre-conquest period, these tribes enjoyed flourishing trade with lowland groups immediately ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executive Order (Philippines)
The Ordinance Power is the rulemaking authority of the President of the Philippines defined in ''Book III, Title I, Chapter II'' of Administrative Code of 1987. Executive orders Executive orders ( ''Kautusang tagapagpaganap''), according to ''Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 2'' of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the "''Acts of the President providing for rules of a general or permanent character in implementation or execution of constitutional or statutory powers.''" ''Executive Order No. 292'', which instituted the Administrative Code of 1987, is an example of an executive order. Administrative orders Administrative orders ( ''Kautusang pampangasiwaan''), according to ''Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 3'' of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the "''Acts of the President which relate to particular aspects of governmental operations in pursuance of his duties as administrative head.''" Proclamations Proclamations ( ''Proklamasyon''), according to ''Book I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Data Peace Accord
The Mount Data Peace Accord is a peace deal signed between the government of the Philippines and the Cordillera People's Liberation Army on September 13, 1986, ending hostilities due to the latter's campaign for greater autonomy for the Cordillera region. Background Prior to 1966, the Cordillera region was administered under one unit, the old Mountain Province. Abra has been its own independent province. In June 1966, the province was divided into smaller provinces—namely, Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, and Kalinga-Apayao Under the Regionalization Law or Presidential Order No. 1 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos, the Philippines' provinces were organized under 13 regions. The Cordilleran provinces were grouped under two separate regions: Benguet (including Baguio) and Mountain Province were included under Region I (Ilocos Region), and Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao were included under Region II (Cagayan Valley). An armed movement in the Cordillera region that advo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abra (province)
Abra, officially the Province of Abra ( ilo, Probinsia ti Abra; tl, Lalawigan ng Abra), is a 3rd class province in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. Its capital is the municipality of Bangued. It is bordered by Ilocos Norte on the northwest, Apayao on the northeast, Kalinga on the mid-east, Mountain Province on the southeast, and Ilocos Sur on the southwest. Etymology Abra is from the Spanish word ''abre'' meaning gorge, pass, breach or opening. It was first used by the Spaniards to denote the region above the Banaoang Gap where the Abra River exits into the West Philippine Sea, thus the Rio Grande de Abra. History Pre-colonial period The first inhabitants of Abra were the ancestors of the Bontocs and the Ifugaos. These inhabitants eventually left to settle in the old Mountain Province. Other early inhabitants were the Tingguians or Itnegs. Spanish era In 1585 the Tingguians were mentioned for the first time in a letter from Father Domingo de Sala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manabo
Manabo, officially the Municipality of Manabo ( ilo, Ili ti Manabo; tgl, Bayan ng Manabo), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 11,611 people. Etymology The name “Manabo” came from the word “Anabo”, a thorny herb used for making twines of rope, growing luxuriantly in the fields between San Jose Sur and Poblacion. One time during the Spanish regime, a group of Spaniards passed by the place and asked the name of the thorny herb. The people answered “Anabo”. From that time on, the Spaniards called the place Manabo. The first inhabitants of Manabo were Tinguians who came from Mountain Province. They settled in the place before the arrival of the Spaniards and the Tinguians were known to be peace loving people. Manabo is politically subdivided into 11 barangays, namely: Ayyeng, Catacdegan Nuevo, Catacdegan Viejo, Luzong, San Jose Norte, San Juan Norte, San Juan Sur, San Ramon East, San Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 Mount Data Peace Accord
The Mount Data Peace Accord is a peace deal signed between the government of the Philippines and the Cordillera People's Liberation Army on September 13, 1986, ending hostilities due to the latter's campaign for greater autonomy for the Cordillera region. Background Prior to 1966, the Cordillera region was administered under one unit, the old Mountain Province. Abra has been its own independent province. In June 1966, the province was divided into smaller provinces—namely, Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, and Kalinga-Apayao Under the Regionalization Law or Presidential Order No. 1 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos, the Philippines' provinces were organized under 13 regions. The Cordilleran provinces were grouped under two separate regions: Benguet (including Baguio) and Mountain Province were included under Region I (Ilocos Region), and Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao were included under Region II (Cagayan Valley). An armed movement in the Cordillera region that adv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauko, Mountain Province
Bauko, officially the Municipality of Bauko is a 4th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 32,021 people. Bauko is from the provincial capital Bontoc and from Manila. History Chico River Dam Project Bauko was one of several municipalities in Mountain Province which would have been flooded by the Chico River Dam Project during the Marcos dictatorship, alongside Bontoc, Sabangan, Sadanga, Sagada, and parts of Barlig. However, the indigenous peoples of Kalinga Province and Mountain Province resisted the project and when hostilities resulted in the murder of Macli-ing Dulag, the project became unpopular and was abandoned before Marcos was ousted by the 1986 People Power Revolution. Geography Barangays Bauko is politically subdivided into 22 barangays, divided into the upper and lower areas. These barangays are headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federalism In The Philippines
Federalism in the Philippines ( fil, Pederalismo sa Pilipinas) refers to political movements in the Philippines that are variants of federalism. Federalism has grown in popularity among Filipinos in recent decades, with multiple political candidates successfully campaigning on federalism-based platforms. In 2022, Bongbong Marcos won the Philippine presidential election under the banner of Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (English: Federal Party of the Philippines; abbr. PFP). History The concept of a federal government for the Philippines was first suggested by José Rizal. He outlined his vision of federalist governance on his essay '' Filipinas dentro de cien años'' ("The Philippines a Century Hence") that was published by the Barcelona-based propaganda paper La Solidaridad in 1889. In 1899, Filipino revolutionaries Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini also suggested dividing the islands into three federal states. One of the first proponents of federalism in the Phili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities. Private property is distinguishable from public property and personal property, which is owned by a state entity, and from collective or cooperative property, which is owned by a group of non-governmental entities. Private property is foundational to capitalism, an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. The distinction between private and personal property varies depending on political philosophy, with socialist perspectives making a hard distinction between the two. As a legal concept, private property is defined and enforced by a country's political system. History Ideas about and discussion of private property date back to the Persian Empire, and emerge in the Western tradition at least as far back as Plato. Prior to the 18th century, English speakers generally used the word "property" in reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
