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Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (, nicknamed the Cromnibus) is an omnibus spending bill that packages several appropriation bills together in one larger bill. The 113th United States Congress failed to pass any of the twelve regular appropriations bills before the beginning of Fiscal Year 2014. The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 temporarily funded the government from October 1, 2013 to January 15, 2014. A second continuing resolution extended funding until January 18, 2014, giving both the House and the Senate enough time to vote on this bill. Background The budget and spending process of the United States federal government is a complex one. The United States budget process traditionally begins when the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress. The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 requires the President to submit the budget to Congress for each fiscal year, which is the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamar S
Lamar or Lamarr is a word with multiple origins that may refer to: People * Lamar (given name), a list of people * Lamar (surname), a list of people Fictional characters *Hedley Lamarr, in Mel Brooks's movie ''Blazing Saddles'', played by Harvey Korman *Lamar Latrell, in the '' Revenge of the Nerds'' movie series *Lamar Alford, in the off-Broadway musical '' Godspell'' *Lamar Davis, in the ''Grand Theft Auto V'' 2013 video game *Lamarr, a headcrab from the game ''Half-Life 2'' *Lamar Williams, professional otaku and member of MD-5 from the Meta Runner internet series Places in the United States * Lamar, Arkansas, a city * Lamar, Colorado, a home rule municipality and county seat *Lamar, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Lamar, Mississippi, an unincorporated community * Lamar, Missouri, a city and county seat *Lamar, Nebraska, a village *Lamar, Oklahoma, a town *Lamar, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place * Lamar, South Carolina, a town * Lamar, Tennessee, an unincorporat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy And Water Development And Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2014
The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2014 refers to appropriations bills introduced during the 113th United States Congress. There are two different versions: in the House of Representatives and in the Senate. The bill was later incorporated aDivision Dof the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, which was enacted in January 2014. The money would be appropriated to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation and other U.S. Department of the Interior projects, and Department of Energy projects. Many of these projects relate to electricity generation, transmission, and sale; nuclear power cleanup projects; hydropower; flood control; and so forth. This funding would be used during fiscal year 2014, which starts on October 1, 2013 and ends September 30, 2014. The House version totals $30.4 billion in spending. The Senate version, as approved by the full Senate Appropriations Committee on June 27, appropriates $34.8 billion.Lewis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PubMed
PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintain the database as part of the Entrez system of information retrieval. From 1971 to 1997, online access to the MEDLINE database had been primarily through institutional facilities, such as university libraries. PubMed, first released in January 1996, ushered in the era of private, free, home- and office-based MEDLINE searching. The PubMed system was offered free to the public starting in June 1997. Content In addition to MEDLINE, PubMed provides access to: * older references from the print version of '' Index Medicus'', back to 1951 and earlier * references to some journals before they were indexed in Index Medicus and MEDLINE, for instance ''Science'', '' BMJ'', and '' Annals of Surgery'' * very recent entries to records for an articl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Access Mandate
An open-access mandate is a policy adopted by a research institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their published, peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers open access (1) by self-archiving their final, peer-reviewed drafts in a freely accessible institutional repository or disciplinary repository ("Green OA") or (2) by publishing them in an open-access journal ("Gold OA") or both. Characteristics Among the universities that have adopted open-access mandates for faculty are Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University College London, Queensland University of Technology, University of Minho (Portugal), University of Liège and ETH Zürich. Among the funding organizations that have adopted open-access mandates for grant recipients are National Institutes of Health (with the NIH Public Access Policy), Resear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NIH Public Access Policy
The NIH Public Access Policy is an open access mandate, drafted in 2004 and mandated in 2008,National Institutes of Health"Request for Information: NIH Public Access Policy" available at https://publicaccess.nih.gov/comments.htm. ("NIH implemented the Public Access Policy on January 11, 2008.") requiring that research papers describing research funded by the National Institutes of Health must be available to the public free through PubMed Central within 12 months of publication. PubMed Central is the self-archiving repository in which authors or their publishers deposit their publications. Copyright is retained by the usual holders, but authors may submit papers with one of the Creative Commons licenses. Description The NIH Public Access Policy applies Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL 110-161 ( Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008) which states: The policy was initially implemented by the NIH as a voluntary policy in 2004. In 2008, the policy was made mandatory by law in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Access
Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre open access, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an open license for copyright. The main focus of the open access movement is "peer reviewed research literature". Historically, this has centered mainly on print-based academic journals. Whereas non-open access journals cover publishing costs through access tolls such as subscriptions, site licenses or pay-per-view charges, open-access journals are characterised by funding models which do not require the reader to pay to read the journal's contents, relying instead on author fees or on public funding, subsidies and sponsorships. Open access can be applied to all forms of published research output, including peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed academic journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bipartisan Budget Act Of 2013
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (; ) is a federal statute concerning spending and the budget in the United States, that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on December 26, 2013. On December 10, 2013, pursuant to the provisions of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 calling for a joint budget conference to work on possible compromises, Representative Paul Ryan and Senator Patty Murray announced a compromise that they had agreed to after extended discussions between them. The law raises the sequestration caps for fiscal years 2014 and 2015, in return for extending the imposition of the caps into 2022 and 2023, and miscellaneous savings elsewhere in the budget. Overall, the bill is projected to lower the deficit by $23 billion over the long term. In forming the deal behind the bill that was passed, Ryan and Murray explicitly avoided trying to find a " grand bargain", in which Democrats would buy into reduced entitlements spending while Republicans would agree t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patty Murray
Patricia Lynn Murray (; born October 11, 1950) is an American politician and educator who is the senior United States senator from Washington since 1993. A member of the Democratic Party, Murray was in the Washington State Senate from 1988 to 1992. She was Washington's first female U.S. senator and is due to assume the role of president pro tempore of the Senate in the 118th Congress, which would make her the first woman in American history to hold the position. Born and raised in Bothell, Washington, Murray graduated from Washington State University with a degree in physical education. She worked as a pre-school teacher and, later, as a parenting teacher at Shoreline Community College. A long-time advocate for environmental and education issues, Murray ran for the Washington State Senate in 1988, and defeated two-term incumbent Bill Kiskaddon. She served one term before launching a campaign for the United States Senate in 1992. She has been re-elected five times, most rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Ryan
Paul Davis Ryan (born January 29, 1970) is an American former politician who served as the 54th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was the vice presidential nominee in the 2012 election running alongside Mitt Romney, but lost to incumbent president Barack Obama and then-vice president Joe Biden. Ryan is a native of Janesville, Wisconsin and graduated from Miami University in 1992. He spent five years working for Congress in Washington, D.C. He became a speechwriter and returned to Wisconsin in 1997 to work at his family's construction company. He was elected to Congress to represent the following year, replacing a Republican Congressman who left and ran for U.S. Senate. Ryan would represent the district for 20 years. He chaired the House Budget Committee from 2011 to 2015 and briefly chaired the House Ways and Means Committee in 2015 prior to being elected Speaker of the House in October 2015 fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 2013 Mini-continuing Resolutions
The October 2013 mini-continuing resolutions were a set of continuing resolutions that would have provided funding for a limited set of federal agencies during the United States federal government shutdown of 2013. The bills were part of a Republican strategy to fund portions of the government which have bipartisan support, in order to spare those agencies and programs from the effects of the shutdown. The bills all passed the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress, but (with one exception) were ignored by the United States Senate. These selective continuing resolutions became moot upon the passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 which funded the entire government, ending the shutdown. On October 1, 2013, the federal government shut down due to a failure of the United States Congress to pass any appropriation legislation – regular or in the form of a continuing resolution – in order to fund the government in fiscal year 2014. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Federal Government Shutdown Of 2013
From October 1 to October 17, 2013, the United States federal government entered a shutdown and curtailed most routine operations because neither legislation appropriating funds for fiscal year 2014 nor a continuing resolution for the interim authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2014 was enacted in time. Regular government operations resumed October 17 after an interim appropriations bill was signed into law. During the shutdown, approximately 800,000 federal employees were indefinitely furloughed, and another 1.3 million were required to report to work without known payment dates. Only those government services deemed "excepted" under the Antideficiency Act were continued; and only those employees deemed "excepted" were permitted to report to work. The previous U.S. federal government shutdown was in 1995–96. The 16-day-long shutdown of October 2013 was the third-longest government shutdown in U.S. history, after the 35-day 2018–2019 shutdown and the 21-day ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affordable Care Act
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and colloquially known as Obamacare, is a landmark U.S. federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The ACA's major provisions came into force in 2014. By 2016, the uninsured share of the population had roughly halved, with estimates ranging from 20 to 24 million additional people covered. The law also enacted a host of delivery system reforms intended to constrain healthcare costs and improve quality. After it went into effect, increases in overall healthcare spending slowed, including premiums for employer-based insurance plans. The increased coverage was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
