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Common Log Format
For computer log management, the Common Log Format, also known as the NCSA Common log format, (after NCSA HTTPd) is a standardized text file format used by web servers when generating server log files. Because the format is standardized, the files can be readily analyzed by a variety of web analysis programs, for example Webalizer and Analog. Each line in a file stored in the Common Log Format has the following syntax: host ident authuser date request status bytes The format is extended by the Combined Log Format with referer and user-agent fields. Example 127.0.0.1 user-identifier frank 0/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700"GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326 A dash () in a field indicates missing data. * is the IP address of the client (remote host) which made the request to the server. * is the RFC 1413 identity of the client. Usually "-". * is the userid of the person requesting the document. Usually "-" unless .htaccess has requested authentication. * is the date, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Log Management
Log management (LM) comprises an approach to dealing with large volumes of computer-generated log messages (also known as audit records, audit trails, event-logs, etc.). Log management generally covers: * Log collection * Centralized log aggregation * Long-term log storage and retention * Log rotation * Log analysis (in real-time and in bulk after storage) * Log search and reporting. Overview The primary drivers for log management implementations are concerns about security, system and network operations (such as system or network administration) and regulatory compliance. Logs are generated by nearly every computing device, and can often be directed to different locations both on a local file system or remote system. Effectively analyzing large volumes of diverse logs can pose many challenges, such as: * Volume: log data can reach hundreds of gigabytes of data per day for a large organization. Simply collecting, centralizing and storing data at this volume can be cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Htaccess
An .htaccess (''hypertext access'') file is a directory-level configuration file supported by several web servers, used for configuration of website-access issues, such as URL redirection, URL shortening, access control (for different web pages and files), and more. The 'dot' (period or full stop) before the file name makes it a hidden file In computing, a hidden folder (sometimes hidden directory) or hidden file is a folder or file which filesystem utilities do not display by default when showing a directory listing. They are commonly used for storing user preferences or preservi ... in Unix-based environments. A site could have more than one .htaccess file, and the files are placed inside the web tree (i.e. inside directories and their sub-directories), and hence their other name ''distributed configuration files''. .htaccess files act as a subset of the server's global configuration file (like [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syslog
In computing, syslog is a standard for message logging. It allows separation of the software that generates messages, the system that stores them, and the software that reports and analyzes them. Each message is labeled with a facility code, indicating the type of system generating the message, and is assigned a severity level. Computer system designers may use syslog for system management and security auditing as well as general informational, analysis, and debugging messages. A wide variety of devices, such as printers, routers, and message receivers across many platforms use the syslog standard. This permits the consolidation of logging data from different types of systems in a central repository. Implementations of syslog exist for many operating systems. When operating over a network, syslog uses a client-server architecture where a syslog server listens for and logs messages coming from clients. History Syslog was developed in the 1980s by Eric Allman as part of the Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Logging
A data logger (also datalogger or data recorder) is an electronic device that records data over time or about location either with a built-in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer), and called digital data loggers (DDL). They generally are small, battery-powered, portable, and equipped with a microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. Some data loggers interface with a personal computer and use software to activate the data logger and view and analyze the collected data, while others have a local interface device (keypad, LCD) and can be used as a stand-alone device. Data loggers vary from general-purpose types for a range of measurement applications to very specific devices for measuring in one environment or application type only. It is common for general purpose types to be programmable; however, many remain as static machines with only a limited nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Counter
A web counter or hit counter is a publicly displayed running tally of the number of visits a webpage has received. Web counters are usually displayed as an inline digital image or in plain text. Image rendering of digits may use a variety of fonts and styles, with a classic design imitating the wheels of an odometer. Web counters were often accompanied by the date it was set up or last reset, to provide more context to readers on how to interpret the number shown. Although initially a way to publicly showcase a site's popularity to its visitors, some early web counters were simply web bugs used by webmasters to track hits and included no visible on-page elements. Counters were popular in the 1990s, but were later replaced by other web traffic measures such as self-hosted scripts like Analog, and later on by remote systems that used JavaScript, like Google Analytics. These systems typically do not include on-page elements displaying the count. Thus, seeing a web counter on a mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Log Management And Intelligence
Log management (LM) comprises an approach to dealing with large volumes of computer-generated log messages (also known as audit records, audit trails, event-logs, etc.). Log management generally covers: * Log collection * Centralized log aggregation * Long-term log storage and retention * Log rotation * Log analysis (in real-time and in bulk after storage) * Log search and reporting. Overview The primary drivers for log management implementations are concerns about security, system and network operations (such as system or network administration) and regulatory compliance. Logs are generated by nearly every computing device, and can often be directed to different locations both on a local file system or remote system. Effectively analyzing large volumes of diverse logs can pose many challenges, such as: * Volume: log data can reach hundreds of gigabytes of data per day for a large organization. Simply collecting, centralizing and storing data at this volume can be challe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extended Log Format
Extended Log Format (ELF) is a standardized text file format that is used by web servers when generating log files. In comparison to the Common Log Format (CLF), ELF provides more information and flexibility. Example #Version: 1.0 #Date: 12-Jan-1996 00:00:00 #Fields: time cs-method cs-uri 00:34:23 GET /foo/bar.html 12:21:16 GET /foo/bar.html 12:45:52 GET /foo/bar.html 12:57:34 GET /foo/bar.html See also * Common Log Format Sources Extended Log File Format*as described in the documentation of the World Wide Web consortia webserver ( W3C httpd). Computer file formats Log file formats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byte
The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as The Internet Protocol () refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The first bit is number 0, making the eighth bit number 7. The size of the byte has historically been hardware-dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the size. Sizes from 1 to 48 bits have been used. The six-bit character code was an often-used implementation in early encoding systems, and computers using six-bit and nine-bit bytes were common in the 1960s. These systems often had memory words ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HTTP Status Code
This is a list of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) response status codes. Status codes are issued by a server in response to a client's request made to the server. It includes codes from IETF Request for Comments (RFCs), other specifications, and some additional codes used in some common applications of the HTTP. The first digit of the status code specifies one of five standard classes of responses. The optional message phrases shown are typical, but any human-readable alternative may be provided, or none at all. Unless otherwise stated, the status code is part of the HTTP standard (). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains the official registry of HTTP status codes. All HTTP response status codes are separated into five classes or categories. The first digit of the status code defines the class of response, while the last two digits do not have any classifying or categorization role. There are five classes defined by the standard: * ''1xx informational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser. Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and summarized in a simple document describing the behavior of a client and a server using the first HTTP protocol version that was named 0.9. That first version of HTTP protocol soon evolved into a more elaborated version that was the first draft toward a far future version 1.0. Development of early HTTP Requests for Comments (RFCs) started a few years later and it was a coordinated effort by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), with work later moving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strftime
The C date and time functions are a group of functions in the standard library of the C programming language implementing date and time manipulation operations. They provide support for time acquisition, conversion between date formats, and formatted output to strings. Overview of functions The C date and time operations are defined in the time.h header file (ctime header in C++). The and related types were originally proposed by Markus Kuhn to provide a variety of time bases, but only was accepted. The functionalities were, however, added to C++ in 2020 in std::chrono. Example The following C source code prints the current time to the standard output stream. #include #include #include int main(void) The output is: Current time is Thu Sep 15 21:18:23 2016 See also * Unix time * Year 2038 problem The year 2038 problem (also known as Y2038, Y2K38, or the Epochalypse) is a time formatting bug in computer systems with representing times after 03:14:07 UTC on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ident Protocol
The Ident Protocol (Identification Protocol, Ident), specified iRFC 1413 is an Internet protocol that helps identify the user of a particular TCP connection. One popular daemon program for providing the ident service is identd. Function The Ident Protocol is designed to work as a server daemon, on a user's computer, where it receives requests to a specified TCP port, generally 113. In the query, a client specifies a pair of TCP ports (a local and a remote port), encoded as ASCII decimals and separated by a comma (,). The server then sends a response that identifies the username of the user who runs the program that uses the specified pair of TCP ports, or specifies an error. Suppose host A wants to know the name of the user who is connecting to its TCP port 23 (Telnet) from the client's (host B) port 6191. Host A would then open a connection to the ident service on host B, and issue the following query: 6191, 23 As TCP connections generally use one unique local port (6191 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
