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Commisso 'ndrina
The Commisso 'ndrina () is a powerful clan of the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal and mafia-type organization in Calabria, Italy. The 'ndrina is based in Siderno, but also has a branch in the Greater Toronto Area in Canada as part of the Siderno Group. The Commisso clan is involved in international drug trafficking using family ties in Italy, Canada, the United States and Australia.'Ndrangheta: latitante arrestato da Polizia in Canada Polizia di Stato, June 28, 2005 In Siderno Girolamo Commisso was a ''sgarrista'' in the 'Ndrangheta in |
Antonio Macrì
Antonio Macrì (; – January 20, 1975), popularly known as ("Unca Tony"), was a historical and charismatic boss of the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal and mafia-type organisation in Calabria, Italy. He was born in Siderno on the Ionian coast of Calabria and was the capobastone (head of command) of the '''ndrine'' in his hometown. Criminal career Antonio Macrì was one of the most powerful bosses belonging to the 'old guard'. In Siderno he was well known as the true authority in his town. In 1929 he was charged with illegal firearms, in 1932 for grievous bodily harm, in 1945 for robbery with violence, in 1947 for attempted murder and in 1958 for murder with aggravating circumstances.Arlacchi, ''Mafia Business'', p. 20 Macrì held the position of capo crimine from the beginning of the 1960s until the outbreak of the first 'Ndrangheta war in 1975. Together with Domenico ''Mico'' Tripodo, the boss of the city of Reggio Calabria and the surrounding areas, and Girolamo ''Mommo'' Piromalli, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Ndrangheta
The 'Ndrangheta (, , ) is a prominent Italian Mafia-type organized crime syndicate and secret society, criminal society based in the peninsular and mountainous region of Calabria and dating back to the late 18th century. It is considered one of the most powerful organized crime groups in the world.Italian Organised Crime: Threat Assessment , Europol, The Hague, June 2013 Since the 1950s, following wide-scale Calabrian diaspora, emigration from Calabria, the organization has established itself worldwide. It is characterized by a horizontal structure made up of autonomous clans known as ndrine'', based almost exclusively on blood ties. Its main activity is illegal drug trade, drug trafficking, on which it has a monopoly in Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perugia
Perugia (, , ; lat, Perusia) is the capital city of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the River Tiber, and of the province of Perugia. The city is located about north of Rome and southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area. The region of Umbria is bordered by Tuscany, Lazio, and Marche. The history of Perugia goes back to the Etruscan period; Perugia was one of the main Etruscan cities. The city is also known as the University, universities town, with the University of Perugia founded in 1308 (about 34,000 students), the University for Foreigners Perugia, University for Foreigners (5,000 students), and some smaller colleges such as the Academy of Fine Arts "Pietro Vannucci" ( it, Accademia di Belle Arti "Pietro Vannucci") public athenaeum founded in 1573, the Perugia University Institute of Linguistic Mediation for translators and interpreters, the Music Conservatory of Perugia, founded in 1788, and other institutes. Perugia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camorra
The Camorra (; ) is an Italian Mafia-typeMafia and Mafia-type organizations in Italy , by Umberto Santino, in: Albanese, Das & Verma, ''Organized Crime. World Perspectives'', pp. 82–100 and originating in the region of . It is one of the oldest and largest criminal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second 'Ndrangheta War
The Second 'Ndrangheta war was an internal struggle in the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal organisation in Calabria (southern Italy). The conflict raged from 1985–1991 in Reggio Calabria. Practically all the 'ndrine in the city of Reggio Calabria grouped into either one of two opposing factions: the Condello, Imerti, Serraino and Rosmini clans on one side, and the De Stefano, Tegano, Libri and Latella clans on the other. Background The background of the war was a struggle over public contracts in relation with the announced construction of a bridge linking Calabria and Sicily over the Strait of Messina between Reggio Calabria and Messina. An additional motive was the attempt of the De Stefano clan to encroach on the territory of the Imertis in Villa San Giovanni, a town facing the city of Messina across the narrow strait. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 65-68 Start of the conflict The war was triggered by the marriage between Giuseppina Condello – the sister of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camera Di Controllo
The ''Camera di Controllo'' (Board of Control), is a collegial body of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organisation in Calabria. It is also known as ''La Provincia'' (the Province) or ''Camera di Compensazione'' (compensation board). It is composed of leading 'Ndrangheta members to decide on important questions concerning the organization and settling disputes.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', pp. 61-62 Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 65-68 History Although the 'Ndrangheta organisation did know centralized structures – such as the ''crimine'' – that weakly coordinated activities of the various 'ndrine, it was not until the end of the Second 'Ndrangheta war that raged from 1985 to 1991 that the ''Provincia'' or ''Camera'', a more powerful and centralized body, was established. The bloody six-year war between the Condello- Imerti- Serraino- Rosmini clans and the De Stefano- Tegano- Libri-Latella clans left more than 600 deaths. The Sicilian Mafia contributed to the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingston, Ontario
Kingston is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located on the north-eastern end of Lake Ontario, at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River (south end of the Rideau Canal). The city is midway between Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec. Kingston is also located nearby the Thousand Islands, a tourist region to the east, and the Prince Edward County tourist region to the west. Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many heritage buildings constructed using local limestone. Growing European exploration in the 17th century, and the desire for the Europeans to establish a presence close to local Native occupants to control trade, led to the founding of a French trading post and military fort at a site known as "Cataraqui" (generally pronounced /kætə'ɹɑkweɪ/, "kah-tah-ROCK-way") in 1673. This outpost, called Fort Cataraqui, and later Fort Frontenac, became a focus for settlement. Since 1760, the site of Kingston, Ont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecil Kirby
Cecil Kirby (born 17 August 1950) is a Canadian outlaw biker, criminal and hitman for the Commisso 'ndrina, turned police informant. Satan's Choice Kirby was born in the Weston neighborhood of Toronto on 17 August 1950, and was twice expelled from elementary school for unruly behavior. He grew up in a working-class neighborhood of Toronto and preferred to use violence from his childhood onward to solve problems. He was refused admission to high school for being a discipline problem. Kirby began his career in organized crime as a member of the Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club, which he joined in August 1969. At the time, Satan's Choice led by Bernie Guindon was the largest and most powerful outlaw biker club in Ontario. In the 1970s Kirby specialized in auto insurance fraud and theft. Kirby rose up to become the sergeant-at-arms of the Satan's Choice Richmond Hill chapter. The Satan's Choice had opened a chapter in Montreal, where competition for control of the drug trade was inten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locale ('Ndrangheta)
A locale (translated as "local" or "place"), is the main local organizational unit of the 'Ndrangheta with jurisdiction over criminal activities in an entire town or an area in a large urban center.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods''pp. 29-30/ref>Nicaso & Danesi, ''Made Men''p. 23/ref> A ''locale'' is usually made up by one '''ndrina'' (in the case of a small town) or several '' 'ndrine'', if more than one '' 'ndrina'' operates in the same town. In the case of larger cities a local may rule over a certain area or neighbourhood of the city. In some contexts a '' 'ndrina'' is more powerful than the ''locale'' on which they formally depend. Each ''locale'' has a boss with authority over members' life and death, a ''capo locale'', usually the capobastone of a 'ndrina. It has at least 49 members and besides the ''capo locale'', there is the ''contabile '' (accountant) who handles the finances - commonly called ''la bacinella'' or ''la valigetta'' (briefcase) - and a ''crimine'' that oversees t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First 'Ndrangheta War
The First 'Ndrangheta war was an internal struggle in the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organisation in Calabria (southern Italy). The conflict raged from 1974 to 1977 and resulted in approximately 233 deaths.Dickie, ''Mafia Republic: Italy's Criminal Curse'',p. 138/ref> The war broke the equilibrium in the triumvirate, made up of Antonio Macrì, Domenico Tripodo and Girolamo Piromalli, that had ruled the 'Ndrangheta for 15 years, and facilitated the rise of a new generation 'Ndranghetisti, in particular the De Stefano 'ndrina, who wanted to involve the 'Ndrangheta in new, more lucrative criminal activities (especially drug trafficking). Background Traditional 'Ndrangheta bosses such as Domenico Tripodo and Antonio Macrì were opposed to new developments in the organisation, such as the entry into kidnapping and drug trafficking. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue''p.58/ref> They also opposed the formation of the Santa, a secret society within the 'Ndrangheta, established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica. The earliest recorded human prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people (as of 2021) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world. Indigenous peoples have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
