Antonio Macrì (; – 20 January 1975), popularly known as ("Unca Tony"), was a historical and charismatic boss of the

'Ndrangheta The 'Ndrangheta (, , ) is a mafia-type organized crime, criminal syndicate originating from the Calabria region of Italy. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 65–68 This body, also referred to as the Commission in reference to the ...

, a criminal and mafia-type organisation in

Calabria Calabria is a Regions of Italy, region in Southern Italy. It is a peninsula bordered by the region Basilicata to the north, the Ionian Sea to the east, the Strait of Messina to the southwest, which separates it from Sicily, and the Tyrrhenian S ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

. He was born in Siderno on the Ionian coast of

and was the capobastone (head of command) of the '' 'ndrine'' in his hometown.

Criminal career

Antonio Macrì was one of the most powerful bosses belonging to the "old guard". In Siderno he was well known as the true authority in his town. In 1929 he was charged with possession of illegal firearms, in 1932 for grievous bodily harm, in 1945 for robbery with violence, in 1947 for attempted murder, and in 1958 for murder with aggravating circumstances.Arlacchi, ''Mafia Business'', p. 20 Macrì held the position of capo crimine from the beginning of the 1960s until the outbreak of the first 'Ndrangheta war in 1975. Together with Domenico ''Mico'' Tripodo, the boss of the city of

Reggio Calabria Reggio di Calabria (; ), commonly and officially referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the List of cities in Italy, largest city in Calabria as well as the seat of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria. As ...

and the surrounding areas, and Girolamo ''Mommo'' Piromalli, head of the most powerful '' 'ndrina'' on the Tyrrhenian coast, he formed a sort of triumvirate, whose senior position was recognized by all other family chiefs and whose advice was in most cases followed without protest.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', p. 60 He also had close relations with the

Sicilian Mafia The Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra (, ; "our thing"), also referred to as simply Mafia, is a secret society, criminal society and criminal organization originating on the island of Sicily and dates back to the mid-19th century. Emerging as a form of ...

, in particular with Michele Navarra, at the time the capomafia of Corleone, when Navarra was banished by the Italian authorities to Gioiosa Marina in Calabria in the 1950s.E ora la ’ndrangheta supera cosa nostra: Intervista a Enzo Ciconte
, Polizia e democrazia, November–December 2007 Later he counted Luciano Liggio, Salvatore and Angelo La Barbera, Pietro Torretta and the Grecos among his friends. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue''
p.55
/ref> Macrì was involved in expanding the local 'Ndrangheta internationally, in particular to Canada and Australia. He urged Michele (Mike) Racco, who had been initiated to the local 'ndrina and moved to Canada in the early 1950s, to set up an organisation in Canada. Different clans originally from Siderno formed what has been called the Siderno Group by Canadian law enforcement authorities.Myths, Legends, and Affiliation Practices in the Italian Mafioso Imagery: the Local Dimension of Power of a Global Phenomenon
by Ercole Giap Parini, paper prepared for the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) at the Conference in Marburg, 2003

Tradition and modernization

Macrì opposed new criminal activities such as kidnappings and drug trafficking. However, several cosche of Platì, San Luca, and the Gioia Tauro plain did engage in these activities and Macrì had no means to prevent or punish these violations of the traditional mafia code. (Both the crimine and its charismatic leaders depended on the consensus and cooperation of the individual 'Ndrangheta families and relied on the goodwill of single family bosses to have the codes obeyed.) Nevertheless, Macrì also was a proponent of modernization, representing a qualitative step in expanding traditional parasitic criminal activities of extortion to a more entrepreneurial phase. When in 1974, businesses, involved in the expansion of the port and steelworks in Gioia Tauro, offered a three per cent kickback to be left in peace, the three leading 'Ndrangheta families at the time, Macrì, the Piromalli brothers and the De Stefano brothers, rejected the offer and wanted to be sub-contracted on work carried out in order to control the projects.Arlacchi, ''Mafia Business'', p. 106 Nevertheless, the growing tensions among 'Ndrangheta clans reached a boiling point at the meeting to discuss the deal. Tripodo and his former underling Giorgio De Stefano exchanged insults that almost escalated in a violent confrontation, only just prevented by peacemaker Macrì.Dickie, ''Mafia Republic: Italy's Criminal Curse'',
pp. 137-40
/ref>

Death

Macrì was a traditional 'Ndrangheta capobastone who, together with Tripodo, opposed new developments in the organisation such as the formation of the Santa, a secret society within the 'Ndrangheta established in the early 1970s to maximize the power and invisibility of the most important bosses.L’atteggiarsi delle associazioni mafiose sulla base delle esperienze processuali acquisite: la ’ndrangheta
, by Salvatore Boemi, in ''I delitti di criminalità organizzata'', Quaderni del Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura N. 99 The disagreement led to bloodshed in the so-called First 'Ndrangheta war. On 20 January 1975, Macrì was shot dead in his hometown Siderno, while his right-hand man Francesco Commisso was severely wounded. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue''
p.58
/ref> His death triggered the 'Ndrangheta war that cost some 300 lives. According to a state witness, one of his "executioners" was Pasquale Condello, an ally of Macrì's main foe, the De Stefano 'ndrina.Godfather's arrest fuels fear of bloody conflict
The Observer, February 24, 2008 Macrì may have paid for his opposition to kidnappings and drug trafficking with his life, as his murder was presumably organized by the supporters of a change of modus operandi of the 'Ndrangheta. His son Vincenzo Macrì was sentenced to 20 years in prison in 2018 after being convicted in Locri, Italy, of Mafia association. Prosecutors had originally sought a 30-year-term for Macri, who earlier served 13 years in American prisons for drug trafficking. His sentence was reduced to 15 years after appeal.

References

*Arlacchi, Pino (1988). ''Mafia Business. The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'', Oxford: Oxford University Press *Dickie, John (2013).
Mafia Republic: Italy's Criminal Curse. Cosa Nostra, 'Ndrangheta and Camorra from 1946 to the Present
', London: Hodder & Stoughton, * Gratteri, Nicola & Antonio Nicaso (2006).
Fratelli di Sangue
', Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore *Paoli, Letizia (2003).
Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style
', New York: Oxford University Press

by Klaus Von Lampe)

by Alexandra V. Orlova) {{DEFAULTSORT:Macri, Antonio 1900s births People from Siderno Murdered 'Ndranghetisti Canadian people of Italian descent Murdered Canadian gangsters People murdered in Calabria People murdered in 1975 Organized crime in Toronto