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College Equal Suffrage League
The College Equal Suffrage League (CESL) was an American woman suffrage organization founded in 1900 by Maud Wood Park and Inez Haynes Irwin (''nee'' Gillmore), as a way to attract younger Americans to the women's rights movement. The League spurred the creation of college branches around the country and influenced the actions of other prominent groups such as National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). History The beginning of the CESL dates to the 1900 NAWSA convention in Washington, D.C. Maud Wood Park, a 29-year-old attendee and recent Radcliffe College alum, realized that she was the youngest delegate. Concerned by the absence of younger members in NAWSA and the general lack of interest in suffrage among college women, Park decided to work toward recruiting a new generation to the campaign. She later commented in regard to this decision: After hearing Miss Anthony speak I came to realize what her life had been, the heroism of her service not for herself but for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Americans
Americans are the Citizenship of the United States, citizens and United States nationality law, nationals of the United States, United States of America.; ; Although direct citizens and nationals make up the majority of Americans, many Multiple citizenship, dual citizens, expatriates, and green card, permanent residents could also legally claim American nationality. The United States is home to race and ethnicity in the United States, people of many racial and ethnic origins; consequently, culture of the United States, American culture and Law of the United States, law do not equate nationality with Race (human categorization), race or Ethnic group, ethnicity, but with citizenship and an Oath of Allegiance (United States), oath of permanent allegiance. Overview The majority of Americans or their ancestors Immigration to the United States, immigrated to the United States or are descended from people who were Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, brought as Slavery in the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlotte Anita Whitney
Charlotte Anita Whitney (July 7, 1867 – February 4, 1955), best known as "Anita Whitney", was an American women's rights activist, political activist, suffragist, and early Communist Labor Party of America and Communist Party USA organizer in California. She is best remembered as the defendant in a landmark 1920 California criminal syndicalism trial, '' Whitney v. California'', which featured a landmark U.S. Supreme Court concurring opinion by Justice Louis Brandeis that only a "clear and present danger" would be sufficient for the legislative restriction of the right of free speech. This standard would ultimately be employed against the Communists again during the Second Red Scare of the 1950s. Early life Anita Whitney was born in San Francisco, California, on July 7, 1867, the daughter of a pre-eminent family whose members included the American Supreme Court Justice Stephen Johnson Field and the multi-millionaire speculator and magnate Cyrus W. Field. Her father was a law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Shove Morriss
Margaret Shove Morriss (June 25, 1884 – January 22, 1975) was an American academic historian, She was the Dean of Women in charge of Pembroke College in Brown University from 1923 to 1950. Early life and education Margaret Shove Morriss was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, the daughter of William Hayles Morriss and Mary Elizabeth Hairland Morriss. She completed undergraduate studies at Goucher College in 1904, and was granted a PhD from Bryn Mawr College in 1911, for her research on trade in colonial Maryland.Martha Mitchell''Encyclopedia Brunoniana''(1993). Career Morriss began her career at Mount Holyoke College, teaching American history. While there, she was active in the local chapter of the College Equal Suffrage League. In 1923, she was hired by Brown University to serve a professor of history and as Dean of Women, a post she held until she retired in 1950. She more than doubled the number of women enrolled at Brown during her tenure, and saw the 1927 creation of a Women's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harriet Burton Laidlaw
Harriet Wright Laidlaw ( Burton; December 16, 1873 – January 25, 1949) was an American social reformer and suffragist. She campaigned in support of the Nineteenth Amendment and the United Nations, and was the first female corporate director of Standard & Poor's. Early life and education Harriet Wright Burton was born in Albany, New York, on December 16, 1873, to George Davidson Burton, a bank cashier, and Alice Davenport Wright. After her father died when she was aged six, her mother took her and her two younger brothers to live with his parents. She worked as a page at the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894, held in Albany. Burton attended Albany High School, then went on to the New York State Normal College (now the University at Albany, SUNY) where she received a bachelor's degree in pedagogy in 1895 and a master's in 1896. Burton went to Illinois and received a Ph.B from Illinois Wesleyan University in 1898 before returning to New York to attend Barnard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elsie Hill
Elsie Hill (September 23, 1883 – August 6, 1970) was an American suffragist, as were her sisters Clara and Helena Hill. Biography She was the daughter of Congressman Ebenezer J. Hill and Mary Eileen Mossman. Hill graduated from Vassar College in 1906 and taught high school French in Washington, D.C. She became involved with the D.C. Branch of the College Equal Suffrage League in 1913 along with Alice Paul and Lucy Burns and joined the organization's leadership committee in 1914. Hill worked on women's rights issues for the rest of her life. She was a strong supporter of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave women the right to vote across the U.S. in 1920. After it passed, she supported the Equal Rights Amendment, which was submitted to Congress in 1921 but has still not been ratified into law. Elsie Hill was involved in the planning of the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913, and notably reached out to African American students during the planni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edith Jordan Gardner
Edith Monica Jordan Gardner (February 17, 1877 – June 16, 1965) was an American educator, specialized in history and an activist, including woman's suffrage and in the Sierra Club. She was president of the Southern California Social Science Association, Town and Gown Club, Cornell Women's Club of Northern California, Stanford Woman's Club, and the University of California branch of the Equal Suffrage League, among others. She was the head of the History Department at the John H. Francis Polytechnic High School, chairman of the Department of Legislation Oakland Forum, and one of the earliest members of the Sierra Club. Early life Edith Monica Jordan was born on February 17, 1877, in Indianapolis, Indiana, the daughter of Dr. David Starr Jordan (1851-1931) and Susan Bowen (1845-1885). Her father was an ichthyologist and the first president of Stanford University. She grew up mostly in Indiana, spending her first two years of life in Indianapolis while her father served ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sara Bard Field
Sara Bard Field (September 1, 1882 – June 15, 1974) was an American poet, suffragist, free love advocate, Georgist, and Christian socialist. She worked on successful campaigns for women's suffrage in Oregon and Nevada. Working with Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, Field drove across the country from California to Washington, D.C. to present a petition containing a reported 500,000 signatures demanding a federal suffrage amendment to President Woodrow Wilson. She was known as a skilled orator and became a poet later in her career, marrying her long-time partner and mentor, poet and lawyer C.E.S. Wood. Early life and marriage Sara Bard Field was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on September 1, 1882, to Annie Jenkins (''née'' Stevens) and George Bard Field. Her mother had a Quaker background and her father was a strict Baptist. Their family moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1885. Sara graduated from Detroit Cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebecca Lane Hooper Eastman
Rebecca Lane Hooper Eastman (23 March 1877 – 1937) was an American suffragist, journalist, and author of short stories. She is known for her 1917 novel ''The Big Little Person: A Romance'', which was adapted for the 1919 silent film ''The Big Little Person''. Biography Born in Walpole, N.H. in 1877 Rebecca Lane Hooper was the daughter of Franklin William Hooper and Martha Holden Hooper. Rebecca Hooper graduated from Radcliffe College in 1900. She married William Franklin Eastman on 27 July 1912; the couple had a daughter, Eleanor Hooper Eastman. Rebecca Hooper Eastman wrote stories for ''The Saturday Evening Post'', ''Good Housekeeping'', ''McClure's'', ''The Century'', and ''Munsey's'', articles for various newspapers, eight plays, and, in collaboration with Mabel Daniels of Brookline, Massachusetts, three operettas. She was a member of the College Equal Suffrage League The College Equal Suffrage League (CESL) was an American woman suffrage organization founded in 1900 by Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria De Lopez
Maria Guadalupe Evangelina de Lopez (1881-1977) was a California suffragist and an educator from Los Angeles. In the 1910s, she campaigned and translated at rallies in Southern California, where suffragists distributed tens of thousands of pamphlets in Spanish. Early life When she was a child, de Lopez lived in San Gabriel, Los Angeles. La casa Vieja de Lopez or La casa de Lopez de Lowther Adobe was the home for Juan Lopez, Maria de Lopez's father. He moved into this home in 1849. Members of his family occupied the house until 1964, and when Maria de Lopez retired she lived in her ancestral adobe. The home is currently closed to the public. Her father was a blacksmith, Juan Nepomiceno Lopez, and her mother was Guadalupe. She had a sister named Ernestina de Lopez, who was also educated. The eldest daughter in her family, Belen, lived at home and worked as a seamstress and was not able to seek further education because she had to help at home. By the 1890s, all of the older chil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marion Cothren
Marion Benedict Cothren (1880–1949) was an American suffrage and peace activist, lawyer, and children's author. Early life and education Marion Benedict was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York by her parents William Marsh Benedict (a lawyer) and Grace Dillingham Benedict (a Vassar alumna). Marion was a 1900 graduate of Vassar College and pursued teacher training at Columbia University (MA 1901). She was admitted to the New York bar in 1909. Career Marion Cothren went to Europe during World War I to work with the International Red Cross at Toul, France, an experience she credited with confirming her pacifism: "When I finally left France I took with me not only the pacifist's theoretical hatred of war, but a hatred born of an overwhelming sympathy for those who warred." Marion B. Cothren was a member of the College Equal Suffrage League, the New York chapter of the Women's Trade Union League, and Heterodoxy, a feminist debating club based in Greenwich Village, among other c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elinor Byrns
Elinor Byrns (1876 — May 27, 1957) was an American lawyer, pacifist, and feminist, co-founder of the Women's Peace Society and the Women's Peace Union. Early life and education Elinor Byrns was born in Lafayette, Indiana in 1876, attended the Girls' Classical School in Indianapolis, and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1900. She earned her law degree at New York University. Career Byrns worked at a corporate law firm in New York City for two years, until she left in disillusionment at how the law was practiced. She drew from the experience for her 1916 essay in ''The New Republic'', titled "The Woman Lawyer," declaring, "I do not want to practise law if it means playing a game." Activism Byrns was active in New York City's feminist circles in the 1910s, as a member of Heterodoxy, and helping to plan the first suffrage parade on Fifth Avenue. She was active with the College Equal Suffrage League of New York State, and promoted the idea of "suffrage colleges," trai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louise Bryant
Louise Bryant (December 5, 1885 – January 6, 1936) was an American feminist, political activist, and journalist best known for her sympathetic coverage of Russia and the Bolsheviks during the October Revolution, Russian Revolution of November 1917. Born Anna Louise Mohan, she began as a young girl to use the last name of her stepfather, Sheridan Bryant, in preference to that of her father. She grew up in rural Nevada and attended the University of Nevada, Reno, University of Nevada in Reno, Nevada, Reno and the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, Eugene, graduating with a degree in history in 1909. Pursuing a career in journalism, she became Society reporting , society editor of the ''Spectator'' and freelancer, freelanced for ''The Oregonian,'' newspapers in Portland, Oregon. During her years in that city (1909–1915), she became active in the Women's suffrage in the United States, women's suffrage movement. Leaving her first husband in 1915 to follow fellow journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
