|
Coffee King
Coffee King ( pt, Rei do Café) was an informal title created in Brazil during the 19th century and used until the early 20th century. It was usually applied to the biggest coffee producer of a given period. In spite of the lack of consensus around the exact number of Coffee Kings, there are sources pointing to at least five of them: * * Henrique Dumont * * Carlos Leôncio de Magalhães * See also * Agriculture in Brazil * Coffee cycle * Coffee production in Brazil * Coffee with milk politics * Economic history of Brazil * ''Fazenda A ''fazenda'' () is a plantation found throughout Brazil during the colonial period (16th - 18th centuries). They were concentrated primarily in the northeastern region, where sugar was produced in the ''engenhos'', expanding during the 19th ...'', Brazilian plantations * Taubaté Agreement References Agriculture in Brazil Coffee production 19th century in Brazil {{Brazil-econ-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee
Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of the ''Coffea'' plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are Coffee roasting, roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a History of coffee, long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henrique Dumont
Henrique Honoré Dumont (July 20, 1832 in Diamantina – August 30, 1892 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian engineer, coffee farmer and father of Alberto Santos-Dumont. A son of French immigrants, he is considered one of the three kings of the coffee of his time, introducing modern methods to coffee farming. Biography Henrique Dumont's parents came from France. His mother, Eufásia Honoré, the daughter of a goldsmith, married his father, François Dumont. Eufásia's father convinced François to move to Brazil in search of precious stones, which would feed his industry. But after the discovery of diamonds in South Africa, prices fell, and François fell ill and died in 1842. In Brazil the couple had three children, the second being Henrique. Helped by his godfather, he graduated as an engineer from the ''École centrale des arts et manufactures'' in Paris at the age of 21. Dumont returned to Brazil and began to render services to the city of Ouro Preto. Dumont and his wife Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Leôncio De Magalhães
Carlos Leôncio (Nhonhô) de Magalhães (1875 in Araraquara – 1931 in São Paulo) was a Brazilian farmer and businessman. Nhonhô is considered to be one of the " coffee kings" and was one of the richest Brazilian farmers of the early 20th century. Carlos Leôncio de Magalhães started to work as a farmer during his early life and his name is connected to some of the most important farms of the Western part of the state of São Paulo, among which are Cambuí, Barreiro Rico and Itaquerê. Later on, these farms developed into towns, such as Matão, Nova Europa, Santa Ernestina, Gavião Peixoto and Tabatinga. Family Ancestors The Magalhães (or in English "Magellan") are a family whose origins are in Portugal. Nhonhô's grandparents, Francisco Carlos de Magalhães and Bernarda Rodrigues Monteiro, emigrated from Portugal and settled in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, where they became affluent businessmen. Their eldest son, Carlos Baptista de Magalhães, was educated in two of the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agriculture In Brazil
The agriculture of Brazil is historically one of the principal bases of Brazil's economy. While its initial focus was on sugarcane, Brazil eventually became the world's largest exporter of coffee, soybeans, beef, and crop-based ethanol. The success of agriculture during the Estado Novo (New State), with Getúlio Vargas, led to the expression, "Brazil, breadbasket of the world". As of 2009, Brazil had about of undeveloped fertile land – a territory larger than the combined area of France and Spain. According to a 2008 IBGE study, despite the world financial crisis, Brazil had record agricultural production, with growth of 9.1%, principally motivated by favorable weather. The production of grains in the year reached an unprecedented 145,400,000 tons. That record output employed an additional 4.8% in planted area, totalling 65,338,000 hectares and producing $148 billion Reals. The principal products were corn (13.1% growth) and soy (2.4% growth). The southern one-half ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Cycle
The coffee cycle () was a period in Brazil's economic history, beginning in the mid-19th century and ending in 1930, in which coffee was the main export product of the Brazilian economy. The coffee cycle succeeded the gold cycle, which had come to an end after the exhaustion of the mines a few decades earlier, and put an end to the economic crisis generated by this decadence. Coffee had been brought to Brazil in 1727, but was never produced in large scale, being cultivated mostly for domestic consumption. Its production lagged far behind that of other products. Coffee's rise was only due to a favorable internal and external scenario that made its cultivation advantageous. Coffee production developed rapidly throughout the 19th century, so that by the 1850s it was responsible for almost half of Brazil's exports. The center-south region of the country was chosen for the plantations because it offered the most appropriate weather conditions and the most suitable soil, according to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Production In Brazil
Brazil produces about a third of the world's coffee, making the country by far the world's largest producer. Coffee plantations, covering some , are mainly located in the southeastern states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná where the environment and climate provide ideal growing conditions. The crop first arrived in Brazil in the 18th century, and the country had become the dominant producer by the 1840s. Brazilian coffee prospered since the early 19th century, when immigrants came to work in the coffee plantations. Production as a share of world coffee output peaked in the 1920s but has declined since the 1950s due to increased global production. History Coffee was not native to the Americas and had to be planted in the country. The first coffee was grown by Native Americans. The first coffee bush in Brazil was planted by Francisco de Melo Palheta in Pará in 1727. According to the legend, the Portuguese were looking for a cut of the coffee market, but could not obtai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee With Milk Politics
Milk coffee politics or ''café com leite'' politics () is a term that refers to the domination of Brazilian politics under the so-called Old Republic (1889–1930) by the landed gentries of São Paulo (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (dominated by the dairy industry), being represented by the Paulista Republican Party (PRP) and the Minas Republican Party (PRM). The name alludes to the popular coffee beverage ''café com leite'', "milk coffee", referring to the states' respectively dominant industry. History Under Brazil's Old Republic, the patron-client political machines of the countryside enabled agrarian oligarchs, especially coffee planters in the state of São Paulo, to dominate state structures to their advantage, particularly the weak central state structures that effectively devolved power to local agrarian oligarchies. Under the Old Republic, the coffee with milk politics rested on the domination of the republic's politics by the states of São ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Brazil
The economic history of Brazil covers various economic events and traces the changes in the Brazilian economy over the course of the history of Brazil. Portugal, which first colonized the area in the 16th century, enforced a colonial pact with Brazil, an imperial mercantile policy, which drove development for the subsequent three centuries.Charles C. Mueller and Werner Baer. "The economy". In . Independence was achieved in 1822. Slavery was fully abolished in 1888. Important structural transformations began in the 1930s, when important steps were taken to change Brazil into a modern, industrialized economy. A socioeconomic transformation took place rapidly after World War II. In the 1940s, only 31.3% of Brazil's 41.2 million inhabitants resided in towns and cities; by 1991, of the country's 146.9 million inhabitants 75.5% lived in cities, and Brazil had two of the world's largest metropolitan centers: São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The share of the primary sector in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazenda
A ''fazenda'' () is a plantation found throughout Brazil during the colonial period (16th - 18th centuries). They were concentrated primarily in the northeastern region, where sugar was produced in the ''engenhos'', expanding during the 19th century in the southeastern region to coffee production. Nowadays ''fazenda'' denotes any kind of farm in Brazilian Portuguese and occasionally in other Portuguese varieties as well. ''Fazendas'' created major export commodities for Brazilian trade, but also led to intensification of slavery in Brazil. Coffee provided a new basis for agricultural expansion in southern Brazil. In the provinces of Rio de Janeiro and then São Paulo, coffee estates, or ''fazendas'', began to spread toward the interior as new lands were opened. By 1850 coffee made up more than 50% of Brazil's exports, which amounted to more than half of the world's coffee production. Along with the expansion of coffee growing came an intensification of slavery as the countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taubaté Agreement
The Taubaté Agreement ( pt, Convênio de Taubaté), was an agreement signed on 9 February 1906 during the First Brazilian Republic between the presidents of the states of Minas Gerais (Francisco Antônio de Sales), São Paulo (state), São Paulo (Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga, Jorge Tibiriçá) and Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro (Nilo Peçanha), the main producers of coffee in Brazil. Foreseeing the harvest of a record crop, the agreement was signed in order to artificially maintain the high prices of coffee. Based on the principles of the , an intervention by the Federal government of Brazil was agreed for the benefit of the coffee growers in certain regions of the country. The agreement established minimum prices for the purchase of surplus coffee production by governments, that the export of inferior types of coffee was to be discouraged, the improvement of the advertising of Brazilian coffee abroad, the stimulation of domestic consumption and the restrictment of the ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Production
Coffee production is the industrial process of converting the raw fruit of the coffee plant into the finished coffee. The coffee cherry has the fruit or pulp removed leaving the seed or bean which is then dried. While all green coffee is processed, the method that is used varies and can have a significant effect on the flavor of roasted and brewed coffee. Coffee production is a major source of income for 12.5 million households, most in developing countries. Picking A coffee plant usually starts to produce flowers three to four years after it is planted, and it is from these flowers that the fruits of the plant (commonly known as coffee cherries) appear, with the first useful harvest possible around five years after planting. The cherries ripen around eight months after the emergence of the flower, by changing color from green to red, and it is at this time that they should be harvested. In most coffee-growing countries, there is one major harvest a year; though in countri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
