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Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence à Marchienne-au-Pont
Forges de la Providence was a Belgian steel producing company based in the Hainaut region around Charleroi. Founded as ''Société Anonyme des laminoirs, forges, fonderies et usines de la Providence'' the company had three steel production sites at Marchienne-au-Pont in Belgium, and Réhon and Hautmont in France. The company was independent until 1966 when it became part of the Cockerill-Ougrée, briefly being absorbed into '' Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau'' before becoming part of Cockerill-Sambre. In the 1980s the French steel plants closed, the Belgian plant continued to operate until 2008, becoming part of the Duferco group as Carsid at the beginning of the 21st century. Coke and blast furnace production CARSID plant closed in 2008 due to an economic downturn, and did not restart - the plant was closed in 2012. Company history In 1836 the Englishman Thomas Bonehill built puddling furnaces for the Puissant and Licot de Nîmes families; in 1838 the company ''Société Anonyme de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marchienne-au-Pont
Marchienne-au-Pont ( wa, Mårciene) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Charleroi, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It was a commune in its own right before the merger of communes in 1977, when it had a population of 17,000. Sights * The Castle of Cartier was built on the ruins of an earlier castle, which had been destroyed by the troops of Henri II on July 21, 1554. The Cartier family owned it from 1726 to 1938. It was converted to a library in April 2002. The outer bailey has been replaced by a public swimming pool and the park has been partly destroyed. * The city walls. History To outline the history of the locality of Marchienne-au-Pont, we must go back to the 9th century, to the death of Charlemagne. His Empire is divided into three parts: Francia, Germania, and between the two, a long territory called the Kingdom of Lothair. This turned out to be a large part of present-day Belgium and Burgundy. On November 15, 889, Arnold of Cari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thy-Marcinelle-Providence
Thy-Marcinelle is a steelworks in Charleroi, Belgium, a subsidiary of the Riva group. The company is the descendant of one part of various steel companies based in the Charleroi industrial basin. Its history traces back through Cockerill-Sambre to the predecessors of Hainaut-Sambre, the companies ''Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau'' and ''Thy-Marcinelle et Providence''. History Predecessors The forge at ''Thy-le-Chateau'' dates to at least 1763. The company of ''Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau'' (TMM) was formed in 1966 by the merger of ''Aciéries et Minières de la Sambre'' (formed 1936 when split from ''Ougrée-Marihaye'') and the steelworks of ''Thy-le-Chateau'', this company merged with the ''Forges de la Providence'' in 1979 forming the company ''Thy-Marcinelle et Providence'' (TMP). This group of companies merged with Hainaut-Sambre in 1980 and became part of the Cockerill-Sambre group in 1981. Thy-Marcinelle At the beginning of the 1990s the Italian Riva Group Riva Forni Electrici S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steel Companies Of Belgium
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant typically need an additional 11% chromium. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, steel is used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, cars, machines, electrical appliances, weapons, and rockets. Iron is the base metal of steel. Depending on the temperature, it can take two crystalline forms (allotropic forms): body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic. The interaction of the allotropes of iron with the alloying elements, primarily carbon, gives steel and cast iron their range of unique properties. In pure iron, the crystal structure has relatively little resistance to the iron atoms slipping past one another, and so pure iron is quite ductile, or soft and easily formed. In steel, small amounts of carbon, other el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coking Works
Coking is the heating of coal in the absence of oxygen to a temperature above 600 °C to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving a hard, strong, porous material of high carbon content called coke. Coke consists almost entirely of hydrocarbons. The porosity gives it a high surface area, which makes it burn faster (as does a sheet of paper versus a wooden log). When a kilogram of coke is burned it releases more heat than a kilogram of the original coal. Coke is used as fuel in a blast furnace. In a continuous process, coke, iron ore, and limestone are mixed together and placed in the top of the blast furnace, and at the bottom liquid iron and waste slag are removed. The raw materials continuously move down the blast furnace. During this continuous process more raw materials are placed at the top, and as the coke moves down, it must withstand the ever-increasing weight of the materials above it. It is the ability to withstand this crushing force, in addition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siemens-Martin Process
An open-hearth furnace or open hearth furnace is any of several kinds of industrial furnace in which excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce steel. Because steel is difficult to manufacture owing to its high melting point, normal fuels and furnaces were insufficient for mass production of steel, and the open-hearth type of furnace was one of several technologies developed in the nineteenth century to overcome this difficulty. Compared with the Bessemer process, which it displaced, its main advantages were that it did not expose the steel to excessive nitrogen (which would cause the steel to become brittle), was easier to control, and permitted the melting and refining of large amounts of scrap iron and steel. The open-hearth furnace was first developed by German-born engineer Carl Wilhelm Siemens. In 1865, the French engineer Pierre-Émile Martin took out a license from Siemens and first applied his regenerative furnace for making steel. Their pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007–2012 Global Economic Crisis
The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At the time, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that it was the most severe economic and financial meltdown since the Great Depression. One result was a serious disruption of normal international relations. The causes of the Great Recession include a combination of vulnerabilities that developed in the financial system, along with a series of triggering events that began with the bursting of the United States housing bubble in 2005–2012. When housing prices fell and homeowners began to abandon their mortgages, the value of mortgage-backed securities held by investment banks declined in 2007–2008, causing several to collapse or be bailed out in September 2008. This 2007–2008 phase was called the subprime mortgage crisis. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duferco Clabecq
Duferco Participations Holding SA, is a company based in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Its main business is trading, producing, importing and exporting steel. History Duferco was founded in 1979 by Italian Bruno Bolfo. His goal was to learn from Brazil from worldwide steel export. In 1982, the company moved its headquarters from New York and São Paulo to Lugano. Initially active only in the steel trade, Duferco also expanded its activities to the commodities trade in the early 1990s, in particular with raw materials for the steel industry such as coke, coal, iron ore, pig iron or sponge iron Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) into iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Many ores are suit .... With the acquisition in 1996 of the Italian '' Ferdofin Siderurgica '' (later renamed '' Duferdofin'') Duferco rose in the steel product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duferco La Louvière
Duferco Participations Holding SA, is a company based in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Its main business is trading, producing, importing and exporting steel. History Duferco was founded in 1979 by Italian Bruno Bolfo. His goal was to learn from Brazil from worldwide steel export. In 1982, the company moved its headquarters from New York and São Paulo to Lugano. Initially active only in the steel trade, Duferco also expanded its activities to the commodities trade in the early 1990s, in particular with raw materials for the steel industry such as coke, coal, iron ore, pig iron or sponge iron Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) into iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Many ores are suit .... With the acquisition in 1996 of the Italian '' Ferdofin Siderurgica '' (later renamed '' Duferdofin'') Duferco rose in the steel product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novolipetsk
Novolipetsk Steel, or NLMK, is one of the four largest steel companies in Russia. NLMK's share of domestic crude steel production is about 21%. It primarily produces flat steel products, semi-finished steel products and electrical steels. NLMK also produces specialty coated steels, plus high-ductility and micro-alloyed steels. It is the 21st-largest steel maker in the world. The larger NLMK group owns a number of other steel and mining industries, mostly in Russia. History Historically, the Lipetsk area in central Russia has had substantial iron ore deposits. In 1702, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an iron foundry there. In 1931, Novolipetsk Iron and Steel began construction of a plant on the site of the iron ore mine. Prospering down through the decades, Novolipetsk became a joint-stock company in 1992 and then in 1993 began the process of privatization by distributing company shares to its employees. The company seems to be acquisitive; see list of related organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novolipetsk Steel
Novolipetsk Steel, or NLMK, is one of the four largest steel companies in Russia. NLMK's share of domestic crude steel production is about 21%. It primarily produces flat steel products, semi-finished steel products and electrical steels. NLMK also produces specialty coated steels, plus high-ductility and micro-alloyed steels. It is the 21st-largest steel maker in the world. The larger NLMK group owns a number of other steel and mining industries, mostly in Russia. History Historically, the Lipetsk area in central Russia has had substantial iron ore deposits. In 1702, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an iron foundry there. In 1931, Novolipetsk Iron and Steel began construction of a plant on the site of the iron ore mine. Prospering down through the decades, Novolipetsk became a joint-stock company in 1992 and then in 1993 began the process of privatization by distributing company shares to its employees. The company seems to be acquisitive; see list of related organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcelor
Arcelor S.A. was the world's largest steel producer in terms of turnover and the second largest in terms of steel output, with a turnover of €30.2 billion and shipments of 45 million metric tons of steel in 2004. The company was created in 2002 by a merger of the former companies Aceralia (Spain), Usinor (France) and Arbed (Luxembourg). Arcelor is now part of ArcelorMittal after a takeover by Mittal Steel in 2006. Business Once employing 310,000 employees in over 60 countries, it was a major player in all its main markets: automotive, construction, metal processing, primary transformation, household appliances, and packaging, as well as general industry. With total sales of over €40 billion, Arcelor was, by 2006, one of the world's largest steel manufacturer in terms of turnover. It produced long steel products, flat steel products and inox-steel. In January 2006 Arcelor announced the acquisition of Dofasco, Canada's largest steel producer with an annual output of 4.4 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
