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Cochranella Guayasamini
''Cochranella'' is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are found in Central America from Honduras southward to the Amazonian and Andean cloud forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Etymology The generic name ''Cochranella'' honors Doris Mable Cochran, an American herpetologist. Accordingly, common name Cochran frogs has been coined for the genus. Taxonomy and systematics ''Cochranella'' was first described by Edward Harrison Taylor in 1951. The current delimitation of this genus follows from the work by Juan Manuel Guayasamin and his colleagues published in 2009 (with some later adjustments). These authors remedied the polyphyly of the genus by partitioning it into several new genera. The diagnostic characteristics of the genus are the following: (1) humeral spines are absent (small spine present in ''C. litoralis''); (2) digestive tract is white (translucent in ''Cochranella nola'') and the lobed liver is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella Euknemos
''Cochranella euknemos'', sometimes known as the San Jose Cochran frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in central Costa Rica and south/eastward to Panama and to the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia ( Antioquia and Chocó Departments). Some Colombian records might apply to ''Cochranella mache''. Description ''Cochranella euknemos'' are small frogs, males growing to and females to in snout–vent length. They are dorsally blue-green and a little granular, with many small whitish or yellowish spots. Ventrally they are transparent white, but with more yellow on the undersides of the arms and legs. Iris is grayish ivory. Feet are moderately webbed. Reproduction In Costa Rica, males call in May–November. Egg masses are gelatinous and laid on the tips of leaves overhanging streams. Habitat and conservation The species' natural habitats are humid lowland, premontane, and montane forests. It occurs in bushes and trees along fores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella Erminea
''Cochranella'' is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are found in Central America from Honduras southward to the Amazonian and Andean cloud forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Etymology The generic name ''Cochranella'' honors Doris Mable Cochran, an American herpetologist. Accordingly, common name Cochran frogs has been coined for the genus. Taxonomy and systematics ''Cochranella'' was first described by Edward Harrison Taylor in 1951. The current delimitation of this genus follows from the work by Juan Manuel Guayasamin and his colleagues published in 2009 (with some later adjustments). These authors remedied the polyphyly of the genus by partitioning it into several new genera. The diagnostic characteristics of the genus are the following: (1) humeral spines are absent (small spine present in ''C. litoralis''); (2) digestive tract is white (translucent in ''Cochranella nola'') and the lobed liver is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibians Of Central America
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Genera
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glass Frogs
The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae ( order Anura). While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, giving the glass frog its common name. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin. When active their blood makes them visible; when sleeping most of the blood is concealed in the liver, hiding them. Glass frogs are arboreal, living mainly in trees, and only come out for mating season. Their transparency conceals them very effectively when sleeping on a green leaf, as they habitually do. Taxonomy The first described species of Centrolenidae was the "giant" '' Centrolene geckoideum'', named by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada in 1872, based on a specimen collected in northeastern Ecuador. Several species were described in subsequent years by different herpetologists (including G. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella
''Cochranella'' is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are found in Central America from Honduras southward to the Amazonian and Andean cloud forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Etymology The generic name ''Cochranella'' honors Doris Mable Cochran, an American herpetologist. Accordingly, common name Cochran frogs has been coined for the genus. Taxonomy and systematics ''Cochranella'' was first described by Edward Harrison Taylor in 1951. The current delimitation of this genus follows from the work by Juan Manuel Guayasamin and his colleagues published in 2009 (with some later adjustments). These authors remedied the polyphyly of the genus by partitioning it into several new genera. The diagnostic characteristics of the genus are the following: (1) humeral spines are absent (small spine present in ''C. litoralis''); (2) digestive tract is white (translucent in ''Cochranella nola'') and the lobed liver is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by ' (of uncertain family), ' (of uncertain suborder), ' (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples *The fossil plant '' Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Bocage's longbill, ''Motacilla bocagii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centroleninae
Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae. It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species. Taxonomy Centroleninae are defined based on molecular and morphological characteristics, none of which are obvious to a naked eye. However, in several species a fighting behaviour that might be synapomorphy has been observed: males dangle by their feet and grapple venter-to-venter; amplexus-like or wrestling on leaves fighting of Hyalinobatrachinae is hypothesized to be primitive behaviour. Their sister taxon is ambiguous, it is either genus ''Ikakogi'' or subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae. Genera There are nine genera: *''Centrolene'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (27 sp.) *'' Chimerella'' Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (2 sp.) *''Cochranella'' Taylor, 1951 (9 sp.) *'' Espadarana'' Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Tru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella Resplendens
''Cochranella resplendens'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and San Martín Region of northern Peru. It is sometimes known as the resplendent Cochran frog. Description Male measures about in snout–vent length; female size is unknown. Dorsum is green with whitish dots. Habitat and conservation The species' natural habitats are lowland tropical primary and secondary rainforests as well as sub-Andean forests. It occurs on vegetation near running water. The eggs are laid on leaves above streams. Outside the breeding season it might inhabit the forest canopy. It is a rare species threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ... and fragmentation. Its rarity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella Phryxa
''Cochranella resplendens'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and San Martín Region of northern Peru. It is sometimes known as the resplendent Cochran frog. Description Male measures about in snout–vent length; female size is unknown. Dorsum is green with whitish dots. Habitat and conservation The species' natural habitats are lowland tropical primary and secondary rainforests as well as sub-Andean forests. It occurs on vegetation near running water. The eggs are laid on leaves above streams. Outside the breeding season it might inhabit the forest canopy. It is a rare species threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ... and fragmentation. Its rarity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella Nola
''Cochranella nola'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, the glass frogs, so named because of the transparent skin on the underside of the abdomen through which the internal organs can be seen. This species is endemic to Bolivia where it is found in the Andean foothills in the Santa Cruz Department. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. The scientific name ''nola'' is Latin for "small bell", and refers to the high-pitched, bell-like call of the male in the breeding season. Description ''Cochranella nola'' is a small arboreal species of glass frog. Males are about long while females are a little larger at . This frog has a truncated snout and vomerine teeth, widely-separated eyes and small, indistinct tympani. The dorsal surface and flanks are finely granulated while the hands and feet are smooth. The limbs are slender, the digits having adhesive toepads; there is extensive webbing between fingers III and IV, and between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochranella Mache
''Cochranella mache'', also known as the Mache glassfrog or Mache Cochran frog, is a species of frogs in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the lowland forest and eastern slopes of Cordillera Mache–Chindul in the Esmeraldas Province, northwestern Ecuador, and in the western foothills of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia ( Antioquia, Chocó, and Valle del Cauca Departments). Description Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. The dorsum is green with numerous, small yellow dots. The upper lip has a narrow white line. The ventral surfaces of the extremities as well as the gular region are greenish blue. The iris is white and has fine black reticulations and a golden ring around the pupil. Reproduction The males call in vegetation overhanging rivulets, typically in the midstory vegetation some above ground. The call consists of two pulses lasting about 0.04 seconds and about 0.01 second apart, and with the dominant frequency of 5410 Hz. The a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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