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Cochliobolus
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 55 species, including the following plant pathogenic species: '' C. carbonum'', '' C. heterostrophus'', '' C. miyabeanus'', '' C. sativus'' and '' C. lunatus''. Heterothallism and homothallism Those fungi that need a partner to mate are referred to as heterothallic (self-sterile), and those fungi not needing a partner are referred to as homothallic (self-fertile). A study of DNA sequences of mating type Mating types are the microorganism equivalent to sexes in multicellular lifeforms and are thought to be the ancestor to distinct sexes. They also occur in macro-organisms such as fungi. Definition Mating types are the microorganism equivalent to ... loci from different heterothallic and homothallic species in the genus ''Cochliobolus'' suggests that homothallism can be derived from heterothallism by recombination.Yun SH1, Berbee ML, Yoder OC, Turgeon BG. Evolution of the fungal self-fertile reproductive life style from self-ster ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Carbonum
''Cochliobolus carbonum'' (anamorph: ''Helminthosporium carbonum'') is one of more than 40 species of filamentous ascomycetes belonging to the genus ''Cochliobolus'' (anamorph: ''Bipolaris/Curvularia''). This pathogen has a worldwide distribution, with reports from Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, China, Congo, Denmark, Egypt, India, Kenya, New Zealand, Nigeria, Solomon Islands, and the United States. ''Cochliobolus carbonum'' is one of the most aggressive members of this genus infecting sorghum (''Sorghum'' spp. oaceae, corn (''Zea mays'' oaceae and apple (''Malus domestica'' osaceae.Manamgoda, D., Cai, L., Bahkali, A., Chukeatirote, E., and Hyde, K. (2011). Cochliobolus: an overview and current status of species. Fungal Diversity 51, 3-42. As one of the most devastating pathogens of sweet corn, ''C. carbonum'' causes Northern leaf spot and ear rot disease while the asexual stage causes ''Helminthosporium'' corn leaf spot.Jones, M.J. and L.D. Dunkle, Analysis of Cochliob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 55 species, including the following plant pathogenic species: '' C. carbonum'', '' C. heterostrophus'', '' C. miyabeanus'', '' C. sativus'' and '' C. lunatus''. Heterothallism and homothallism Those fungi that need a partner to mate are referred to as heterothallic (self-sterile), and those fungi not needing a partner are referred to as homothallic (self-fertile). A study of DNA sequences of mating type Mating types are the microorganism equivalent to sexes in multicellular lifeforms and are thought to be the ancestor to distinct sexes. They also occur in macro-organisms such as fungi. Definition Mating types are the microorganism equivalent to ... loci from different heterothallic and homothallic species in the genus ''Cochliobolus'' suggests that homothallism can be derived from heterothallism by recombination.Yun SH1, Berbee ML, Yoder OC, Turgeon BG. Evolution of the fungal self-fertile reproductive life style from self-ster ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Lunatus
''Cochliobolus lunatus'' is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals. The anamorph of this fungus is known as ''Curvularia lunata'', while ''Cochliobolus lunatus'' denotes the teleomorph or sexual state. They are, however, the same biological entity. ''Cochliobolus lunatus'' is the most commonly reported species in clinical cases of reported ''Cochliobolus'' infection. Morphology Macroscopic features of ''C. lunatus'' include brown to black colour, hairy, velvety or woolly texture, and loosely arranged and rapidly growing colonies on potato dextrose agar medium. Microscopically, there is great variety in the arrangement of the septate conidiophores, as they can be isolated or in groups, straight or bent, show simple or geniculate growth pattern, and vary in colour ranging from pale to dark brown. Conidiophore length can reach 650 μm and are often 5-9 μm wide, with swollen bases ranging from 10-15 μm in diameter. Conidia develop at the tips ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Oryzae
''Cochliobolus miyabeanus'' (formerly known as ''Helminthosporium oryzae'') is a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice. It was considered for use by the USA as a biological weapon against Japan during World War II. Hosts and symptoms Brown spot of rice is a plant fungal disease that usually occurs on the host leaves and glume, as well as seedlings, sheaths, stems and grains of adult host plants. Hosts include ''Oryza'' (Asian rice), '' Leersia'' (Cutgrass), ''Zizania'' (Wild rice), and other species as well such as '' Echinochloa colona'' (junglerice) and '' Zea mays'' (maize). ''Cochliobolus miyabeanus'' may cause a wide range of symptoms. General symptoms occurring on the hosts can be observed on many parts of the plant, including leaves, seeds, stems and inflorescences, along with the presence of brown spot. Discoloration of stems is another symptom develops from brown spot of rice disease. Oval-shaped brown spots are the fungal growth sign, which have grey colored ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Miyabeanus
''Cochliobolus miyabeanus'' (formerly known as ''Helminthosporium oryzae'') is a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice. It was considered for use by the USA as a biological weapon against Japan during World War II. Hosts and symptoms Brown spot of rice is a plant fungal disease that usually occurs on the host leaves and glume, as well as seedlings, sheaths, stems and grains of adult host plants. Hosts include '' Oryza'' (Asian rice), '' Leersia'' (Cutgrass), '' Zizania'' (Wild rice), and other species as well such as '' Echinochloa colona'' (junglerice) and '' Zea mays'' (maize). ''Cochliobolus miyabeanus'' may cause a wide range of symptoms. General symptoms occurring on the hosts can be observed on many parts of the plant, including leaves, seeds, stems and inflorescences, along with the presence of brown spot. Discoloration of stems is another symptom develops from brown spot of rice disease. Oval-shaped brown spots are the fungal growth sign, which have grey colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus
''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It can cause southern corn leaf blight in maize. ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is found in many tropical regions and in the southern part of the US. ''Cochliobolus'', although not currently the most economically serious disease, can be a very serious crop disease. ''C. heterostrophus'' (race O) was considered a mild pathogen of corn, and was of little worry to those growing maize crops. It was not until the 1970s that ''C. heterostrophus'' (race T) destroyed more than 15% of the U.S. corn crop. Race T differed from race O in the sense that it produced T-toxin (host-selective toxin). The corn planted in the 1970s carried T-cms; T-cms was particularly susceptible to T-toxin. T-toxin is considered to be related to a family of linear polyketide Polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or reduced forms of a ketone) and methylene grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Victoriae
''Cochliobolus victoriae'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It caused the disease called "victoria blight" affecting oat The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). While oats are suitable for human con ...s and similar grains. Symptoms ''Cochliobolus victoriae'' is a fungus that causes Victoria blight in oats. Symptoms include stem weakening, seedling death, leaf damage, and premature ripening of seeds. Other symptoms include basal necrosis and foliar striping, which begins at the lower leaves and proceeds upwards. Blackened nodes and root rot can also be symptoms. Conidiophores emerge from the stomata or epidermal cells of the diseased oat, usually in groups of two to five, and are a medium-brown color. Importance Victorian oat varieties have resistance to crown rust, which is considered one of the most import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Sativus
The fungus ''Cochliobolus sativus'' is the teleomorph (sexual stage) of ''Bipolaris sorokiniana'' (anamorph) which is the causal agent of a wide variety of cereal diseases. The pathogen can infect and cause disease on roots (where it is known as common root rot), leaf and stem, and head tissue. ''C. sativus'' is extremely rare in nature and thus it is the asexual or anamorphic stage which causes infections. The two most common diseases caused by ''B. sorokiniana'' are spot blotch and common root rot, mainly on wheat and barley crops. Identification The mycelium of ''B. sorokiniana'' is usually deep olive-brown. New cultures produce abundant simple conidiophores, which may be single or clustered and measure 6–10 x 110–220 μm with septations. Conidia develop laterally from pores beneath each conidiophore septum. Conidia are olive-brown and ovate to oblong, with rounded ends and a prominent basal scar. They measure 15–28 x 40–120 μm and are 3- to 10-septate. Some may b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Setariae
''Cochliobolus setariae'' is a fungal A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ... plant pathogen. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Cochliobolus Fungi described in 1919 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Hawaiiensis
''Cochliobolus hawaiiensis'' is a fungal A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ... plant pathogen. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Cochliobolus Fungi described in 1955 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Ravenelii
''Cochliobolus ravenelii'' is a fungal A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ... plant pathogen. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Cochliobolus Fungi described in 1857 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Stenospilus
''Cochliobolus stenospilus'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the disease "brown stripe" in sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk .... References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Cochliobolus Fungi described in 1928 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |