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Clelia Farnese
Clelia Farnese (1552/1556 – 11 September 1613), was an Italian noblewoman, member of the House of Farnese, and by her two marriages Marchioness of Civitanova and Lady of Sassuolo. According to contemporaries, she was one of the most beautiful women of her time. She ruled as regent of the Lordship of Sassuolo during the absence of her second spouse Marco III Pio di Savoia, Lord of Sassuolo. Life Birth and early years Clelia's exact place and date of birth are unknown. According to written sources, she was 61-years-old at the time of her death; consequently, she must be born in or around 1552, presumably in Paris, where her father, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese was at that time, from one of his many mistresses. Previously, the date of her birth was considered to be before 1556, that is, until the year in which Cardinal Alessandro Farnese returned from Paris to Parma. However, other sources, which contain Clelia's horoscope, say that she was born on 22 October 1557, and the cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacopo Zucchi
Jacopo Zucchi (c. 1541- c. 1590) was a Florentine painter of the Mannerist style, active in Florence and Rome. His training began in the studio of Giorgio Vasari, and he participated in decoration of the ''Studiolo'' and the ''Salone dei Cinquecento'' in the Palazzo Vecchio. Moving to Rome in the early 1570s, he worked for Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici in his Palazzo Firenze (1574), for whom he also probably produced the oil on panel paintings '' The Golden Age'' and ''The Silver Age'' (both c.1576-1581, both now in the Uffizi). He also helped decorate, along with his brother Francesco, the apse and dome of Santo Spirito in Sassia with a fresco of the ''Pentecost''. He painted the grand salon of the former Rucellai (now Ruspoli) palace in Rome with mythologic genealogies. Two canvases, representing the ''Ascension'' and ''Resurrection'', are housed in the church of San Lorenzo Martire in San Lorenzo Nuovo San Lorenzo Nuovo is a small town and ''comune'' in the province o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittoria Farnese, Duchess Of Urbino
Vittoria Farnese, also known as ''Vittoria, Princess of Parma'' ( it, Vittoria, Principessa di Parma), and by her married name ''Vittoria Farnese della Rovere'' (10 August 1519 – 13 December 1602), was an Italian noblewoman, Duchess consort of Urbino from 1548 until 1574 by marriage to Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino. Life Family and early years Born on 10 August 1519 at the family castle at Valentano in Tuscany (current province of Viterbo), Vittoria was the first child and only daughter of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Castro, Parma and Piacenza, and Gerolama Orsini. Her paternal grandparents were Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (who in 1534 became in Pope Paul III) and his mistress Silvia Ruffini; and her maternal grandparents were the '' Condottiero'' Ludovico Orsini, Count of Pitigliano and Giulia Conti. Vittoria grew up in the castle of Gradoli and was mainly raised by her mother, almost not seeing her father, who was on military campaigns. She received a good edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Farnese
Palazzo Farnese () or Farnese Palace is one of the most important High Renaissance List of palaces in Italy#Rome, palaces in Rome. Owned by the Italian Republic, it was given to the French government in 1936 for a period of 99 years, and currently serves as the French embassy in Italy. First designed in 1517 for the House of Farnese, Farnese family, the building expanded in size and conception when Alessandro Farnese became Pope Paul III in 1534, to designs by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. Its building history involved some of the most prominent Italian architects of the 16th century, including Michelangelo, Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola and Giacomo della Porta. At the end of the 16th century, the important fresco cycle of The Loves of the Gods (Carracci), ''The Loves of the Gods'' in the Farnese Gallery was carried out by the Bolognese painter Annibale Carracci, marking the beginning of two divergent trends in painting during the 17th century, the Roman High Baroque and Clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avvisi
Journalism of Early Modern Europe was composed originally by handwritten newsletters used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently throughout Europe during the early modern era (1500-1700). They were often written anonymously and delivered through a complex system of couriers. They are divided into the Italian ''avvisi'' (Italian: vˈviːzi singular: ''avviso'') and the German contemporary equivalent ''Zeitungen'' (literally: newspapers). From 1605 in Germany, and in the next decades in other European countries, the newsletters started to be printed as well. Because handwritten material was less subject to censorship and quicker to be produced, handwritten newsletters continued to be produced in parallel with printed newspapers for all the 17th century, and sporadically also in the 18th century. Origin The avvisi found their origins, and peaked, in the early modern Italian world in Rome and Venice. In the Middle Ages, diplomats, merchants, and sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Farnese, Duke Of Parma
Alexander Farnese ( it, Alessandro Farnese, es, Alejandro Farnesio; 27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and condottiero and later a general of the Spanish army, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592. Thanks to a steady influx of troops from Spain, during 1581–1587 Farnese captured more than thirty towns in the south (now Belgium) and returned them to the control of Catholic Spain. During the French Wars of Religion he relieved Paris for the Catholics. His talents as a field commander, strategist and organizer earned him the regard of his contemporaries and military historians as the first captain of his age. Early life: 1545-1577 Alessandro, born August 27, 1545, was the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese of Parma (a grandchild of Pope Paul III) and Margaret, the illegitimate daughter of the King of Spain and Habsburg Emperor Charles V. He had a twin brother, Carlo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII ( la, Gregorius XIII; it, Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day. Early biography Youth Ugo Boncompagni was born the son of Cristoforo Boncompagni (10 July 1470 – 1546) and of his wife Angela Marescalchi in Bologna, where he studied law and graduated in 1530. He later taught jurisprudence for some years, and his students included notable figures such as Cardinals Alexander Farnese, Reginald Pole and Charles Borromeo. He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders, making him the last Pope to have left issue. Career before papacy At the age of 36 he was summoned to Rome by Pope Paul III (1534� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottavio Farnese
Ottavio Farnese (9 October 1524 – 18 September 1586) reigned as Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1547 until his death and Duke of Castro from 1545 to 1547 and from 1553 until his death. Biography Born in Valentano, Ottavio was the second son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza and Gerolama Orsini. His father was the grandson of Pope Paul III, and brother to Cardinal Ranuccio Farnese. On 4 November 1538 Ottavio married Margaret of Austria, the illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Ottavio was 14 years old, while Margaret, recently widowed by the death of Alessandro de' Medici, was 15. At first she disliked her youthful bridegroom, but when he returned wounded from an expedition to Algiers in 1541 her aversion was turned to affection. Ottavio had become lord of Camerino in 1540, but he gave up that fief when his father became duke of Parma in 1545. After the Parmesan nobility assassinated Pierluigi Farnese in 1547, troops of the Emperor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Of Portugal, Hereditary Princess Of Parma
Infanta Maria of Guimarães (12 August 1538 – 9 July 1577) was a Portuguese infanta, daughter of Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães (son of King Manuel I of Portugal), and Isabel of Braganza. She married Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza Alessandro is both a given name and a surname, the Italian form of the name Alexander. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Alessandro * Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), Italian portrait painter * Alessandro Baricco ... on 11 November 1565. She was Hereditary Princess of Parma by marriage. Issue Ancestry 1538 births 1577 deaths Portuguese infantas Hereditary Princesses of Parma House of Aviz People from Lisbon House of Farnese Burials at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata 16th-century Portuguese people {{Portugal-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civita Lavinia
Lanuvio is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about southeast of Rome, on the Alban Hills. Lanuvio borders the following municipalities: Aprilia, Ariccia, Genzano di Roma, Velletri. History In ancient times ''Lanuvium'' was an important town in the hinterland of Imperial Rome. The emperors Antoninus Pius and Commodus were born here. It decayed after the reign of Theodosius I (late 4th century AD), and was mostly abandoned due to the shutting down of its polytheistic sanctuaries. It is mentioned again in the 11th century, when it was a seat of a Benedictine monastery. In the early 15th century it was acquired by the Colonna family, to whom it belonged until 1564. On 17 February 1944, during World War II, it was bombed by sea and air by the Allied, and almost entirely destroyed. Main sights *Collegiate church *Sanctuary of Madonna delle Grazie *History center with walls, including four towers *Temple of Juno Sospit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scudi
The ''scudo'' (pl. ''scudi'') was the name for a number of coins used in various states in the Italian peninsula until the 19th century. The name, like that of the French écu and the Spanish and Portuguese escudo, was derived from the Latin ''scutum'' ("shield"). From the 16th century,Klütz: ''Münznamen...'' the name was used in Italy for large silver coins. Sizes varied depending on the issuing country. The first ''scudo d'argento'' (silver shield) was issued in 1551 by Charles V (1519–1556) in Milan. Under Maria Theresa and Joseph II the ''scudo d'argento'' had a weight of 23.10 g and a fineness of 896/1000. In the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (under the control of the Habsburg Austrian Empire), the Lombardy–Venetia scudo was equivalent to the Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into six '' lire''. Before the Napoleonic Wars, the lira was subdivided into 20 ''soldi'', each of 12 ''denari''. Later, the lira was made up of 100 ''centesimi''. When Austria-Hungary deci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocca Sinibalda
Rocca Sinibalda is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Lazio, located about northeast of Rome and about southeast of Rieti. It is home to the Sforza Cesarini Castle, originally built in 1084 but turned into a more modern fortress in the 1530s by Baldassare Peruzzi, commissioned by Cardinal Alessandro Cesarini. The interior has frescoes from the 17th and 18th centuries. The remains of the ancient Sabine town of Trebula Mutusca Trebula Mutusca (also spelled Trebula Mutuesca or simply Mutuscae) was an ancient city of the Sabines. It is located at Monteleone Sabino, a village about 3 km to the east of the Via Salaria. Pliny mentions both Sabine cities named Trebula: ' ... are not far. References Cities and towns in Lazio {{Latium-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cesarini
Cesarini is an Italian surname and the name of an Italian noble family. Notable people mostly include members of the noble Cesarini family, who held various ecclesiastical titles. Notable members *Alessandro Cesarini (died 1542), Italian cardinal *Alessandro Cesarini (footballer) (born 1989), Italian footballer * Alessandro Cesarini (iuniore) (1592–1644), Italian Roman Catholic bishop *Carlo Francesco Cesarini (born 1666), Italian classical composer and violinist * Claudia Cesarini (born 1986), Italian modern pentathlete *David Cesarini, American economist *Davide Cesarini (born 1995), Sammarinese footballer *Ferdinando Cesarini (1604–1646), Italian poet and physicist *Filippo Cesarini (1610–1683), Italian Roman Catholic bishop *Giuliano Cesarini, iuniore (1466–1510), Italian cardinal *Julian Cesarini (1398–1444), Italian cardinal *Nino Cesarini (1889–1943), Italian model *Renato Cesarini (1906–1969), Italian Argentine footballer and manager *Virginio Cesarini Vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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