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Claude Humbert Piarron De Chamousset
Claude Humbert Piarron de Chamousset (1717 – April 1773) was a French master at the Court of Auditors (France), Court of Auditors, physician and philanthropist. He did struggle against the overcrowded hospitals (several patients in a single bed) and used his own fortune to take care of poor people in his own hotel. That example was followed, and the 'Hotel-Dieu" was reformed according to his principles. He is quoted in the "Mémoires" of Madame de Genlis (chapter III). Born in Paris, he was the originator of mutual benefit societies. According to A. Piron (1838), in 1758 he established a new postal system at Paris charging two sols for a single letter under one ounce, replacing the earlier postal system established in 1653 by Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer. He is buried at Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet (5th arrondissement of Paris) 28 April 1773 A monument in his honor was realized by Francis de Saint-Vidal (1840–1900), built at the intersection between rue Bonaparte and ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Auditors (France)
Under the French monarchy, the Courts of Accounts (in French ''Chambres des comptes'') were sovereign courts specialising in financial affairs. The Court of Accounts in Paris was the oldest and the forerunner of today's French Court of Audit. They oversaw public spending, handled finances, protected crown estates, audited the accounts of crown officials, and adjudicated any related matters of law. Court in Paris Early history To oversee the Kingdom's revenues and expenditure, the French King first relied solely on his King's Court or ''Curia Regis'', court officials who assisted him in governing. However, by the mid-12th century, the Crown entrusted its finances to the Knights Templar, who maintained a banking establishment in Paris. The royal Treasury was henceforth organized like a bank and salaries and revenues were transferred between accounts. Royal accounting officers in the field, who sent revenues to the Temple, were audited by the King's Court, which had special cler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philanthropist
Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the Public good (economics), public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material gain; and with government endeavors, which are public initiatives for public good, notably focusing on provision of public services. A person who practices philanthropy is a List of philanthropists, philanthropist. Etymology The word ''philanthropy'' comes , from ''phil''- "love, fond of" and ''anthrōpos'' "humankind, mankind". In the second century AD, Plutarch used the Greek concept of ''philanthrôpía'' to describe superior human beings. During the Middle Ages, ''philanthrôpía'' was superseded in Europe by the Christian theology, Christian cardinal virtue, virtue of ''charity'' (Latin: ''caritas''); selfless love, valued for salvation and escape from purgatory. Thomas Aquinas held that "the habit of charity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Jacques Renouard De Villayer
Jean-Jacques Renouard, seigneur de Villayer (24 June 1607, Nantes – 5 March 1691, Paris) was a member of the France, French ''Council of State (France), Conseil d'État'', which had been delegated special legal authorities by the absolutist reigning King Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV. In 1653 as the tenant of the Paris City Post, Renouard de Villayer ordered post boxes to be set up at different places in Paris. Letters, prepaid with a uniform postage of 1 Solidus (coin), sol, could be put in these boxes and were then delivered inside of the city within the same day. The receipts (''billet de port payé''), that were issued for this purpose and had to be attached to the letters as postage, are considered to be early precursors of the postage stamp. There are no examples still existing today. The so-called ''Petite Poste'' was an economic failure, but was later successfully imitated in other European cities (for example by the ''London Penny Post'' as of 1680). In 1659, Renouard de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet
Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet () is a Catholic church in the centre of Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement. It was constructed between 1656 and 1763. The facade was designed in the classical style by Charles Le Brun. It contains many notable art works from the 19th century, including a rare religious painting by Jean-Baptiste Corot. Since the expulsion of the parish priest and his assistants by traditionalist Catholics in 1977, the church has been run by the Society of St. Pius X, which celebrates Traditional Latin Masses there. History Establishment A chapel was first built in 1230, in a field planted with chardons (thistles), hence the name. It originally was a dependence of the Abbey of Saint Victor. As the population of the neighbourhood grew, a series of larger churches were built. In 1656, the construction of the present church began, under architects Michel Noblet and François Levé. Due to a shortage of funds, the church was not finished until 1763. Only the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Arrondissement Of Paris
The 5th arrondissement of Paris (''Ve arrondissement'') is one of the 20 Arrondissements of Paris, arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as ''le cinquième''. The arrondissement, also known as Panthéon, is situated on the Rive Gauche of the Seine, River Seine. It is one of the capital's central arrondissements. The arrondissement is notable for being the location of the Latin Quarter, Paris, Quartier Latin, a district dominated by universities, colleges and prestigious high schools since the 12th century when the University of Paris was created. It is also home to the National Museum of Natural History, France, National Museum of Natural History and Jardin des plantes in its eastern part. The 5th arrondissement is also one of the oldest districts of the city, dating back to Ancient history, ancient times. Traces of the area's past survive in such sites as the Arènes de Lutèce, a Ancient Rome, Roman amphitheatre, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis De Saint-Vidal
Francis de Saint-Vidal (16 January 1840 – 18 August 1900) was a 19th-century French sculptor and medalist. He was a pupil of Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux. Works * Bust of Ludwig van Beethoven at Musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux * ''La nuit'', marble statue, 1884 * Fountain representing the five parts of the world under the Eiffel tower for the Exposition Universelle (1889), cast produced by the (exact title: ''La Nuit essayant d'arrêter le génie de la lumière qui s'efforce d'éclairer la vérité'' illustration today on the esplanade des Invalides. It was at the time the subject of a book by Bouniceau-Gesmon and published in ''Le Monde illustré'' n° 1656 22 December 1888. * Bronze statue of Alphonse de Neuville, Place Wagram in Paris, 1889, missing. * Funerary monument to Alphonse de Neuville at Montmartre Cemetery, 23rd division, 1894. * Statue of Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux at Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles). *Ain El Fouara Fountain in Sétif (1898) * Monument in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rue Bonaparte
Rue Bonaparte is a street in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It spans the Quai Voltaire/Quai Malaquais to the Jardin du Luxembourg, crossing the Place Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the place Saint-Sulpice and has housed many of France's most famous names and institutions as well as other well-known figures from abroad. The street runs through the heart of the fashionable Left Bank and is characterised by a number of 'hôtels particuliers' (grand townhouses) and elegant apartment buildings as well as being bounded by the river at one end and the park at the other. With fifteen buildings or monuments classified as ''Monument Historique'', it has more such listed sites than any other street in the 6th arrondissement. Rue Bonaparte also has many literary associations and contains a number of bookshops, antiquarian booksellers, publishers and art galleries. Its architecture and location have made it one of Paris' most historic and sought-after residential addresses. : History The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rue De L'Abbaye
Rue de l'Abbaye is a commercial street in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, named after the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés. It has a length of some 170m and runs from the Rue Guillaume Apollinaire to the Rue de l'Echaudé. The street itself dates from 1800 although the land it runs over has a much longer history. Transportation The area is served by the following stations of the Paris Métro: * Saint-Germain-des-Prés (approx. 90 m from the westernmost end of the street) * Mabillon (approx. 100 m from the easternmost end of the street). History The Benedictine abbey was founded by Childebert, son of Clovis, in 543 to house relics brought from the siege of Saragossa the previous year. These included the tunic of Saint-Vincent and a cross of gold from Toledo; in consequence, the church and abbey were originally known as Saint-Vincent and Sainte-Croix. The church was founded somewhat later in 557 by Germain, Bishop of Paris, who was buried there in 576. A small market town gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Germain-des-Prés
Saint-Germain-des-Prés () is one of the four administrative quarters of the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France, located around the church of the former Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Its official borders are the River Seine on the north, the ' on the west, between the ' and ' on the east, and the ' on the south. Residents of the quarter are known as '. The quarter's cafés include Les Deux Magots, Café de Flore, le Procope, and the Brasserie Lipp, as well as many bookstores and publishing houses. In the 1940s and 1950s, it was the centre of the existentialist movement (associated with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir). It is also home to the École des Beaux-Arts, Sciences Po, the Saints-Pères biomedical university center of the University of Paris, the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences, and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix, in the former apartment and studio of painter Eugène Delacroix. History The Middle Ages Until the 17th century the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Loubet
Émile François Loubet (; 30 December 183820 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France from February to December 1892 and later President of France from 1899 to 1906. Trained in law, he became mayor of Montélimar, where he was noted as a forceful orator. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876 and the Senate in 1885. He was appointed as a Republican minister under Carnot and Ribot. He was briefly Prime Minister of France in 1892. As President, he saw the successful Paris Exhibition of 1900, and the forging of the Entente Cordiale with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, resolving their sharp differences over the Boer War and the Dreyfus Affair. Early life Loubet was born on 30 December 1838, the son of a peasant proprietor and mayor of Marsanne (Drôme). Admitted to the Parisian bar in 1862, he took his doctorate in law the next year. He was still a student when he witnessed the sweeping triumph of the Republican party in Paris at the general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicians From Paris
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue caused by immediate physical stress. An injury can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, o ..., and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as Specialty (medicine), specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practitioner, general practice. Medical practice properly requires both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
