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Clandestine Military Front
The Clandestine Military Front (Italian: Fronte Militare Clandestino) was an organization of the Italian Resistance that operated in German-occupied Rome between September 1943 and June 1944. It consisted of some 2,300 men, largely Army officers who had gone into hiding after the German capture of Rome, such as Minister of War Antonio Sorice and Generals Roberto Lordi, Mario Girotti, Dardano Fenulli and Vito Artale. Its first leader was Colonel Giuseppe Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, who after being arrested in January 1944 was replaced by General Quirino Armellini, in turn replaced by General Roberto Bencivenga in March 1944. Thirty-four of its members, including Colonel Montezemolo and Generals Lordi, Fenulli and Artale, were among the victims of the Fosse Ardeatine massacre The Ardeatine massacre, or Fosse Ardeatine massacre ( it, Eccidio delle Fosse Ardeatine), was a mass killing of 335 civilians and political prisoners carried out in Rome on 24 March 1944 by German occupat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Resistance
The Italian resistance movement (the ''Resistenza italiana'' and ''la Resistenza'') is an umbrella term for the Italian resistance groups who fought the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationists of the Italian Social Republic during the Second World War in Italy from 1943 to 1945. As an anti-fascist movement and organisation, ''La Resistenza'' opposed Nazi Germany, as well as Nazi Germany's Italian puppet state regime, the Italian Social Republic, which was created by the Germans following the Nazi German invasion and military occupation of Italy by the ''Wehrmacht'' and the ''Waffen-SS'' from September 1943 until April 1945 (though general underground Italian resistance and resistance groups to the Fascist Italian government began even prior to World War II). In Nazi-occupied Italy, the Italian anti-fascist resistance fighters, known as the ''partigiani'' ( partisans), fought a ''guerra di liberazione nazionale'', or a war for national liberation, ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
, established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption = The territory of the ''comune'' (''Roma Capitale'', in red) inside the Metropolitan City of Rome (''Città Metropolitana di Roma'', in yellow). The white spot in the centre is Vatican City. , pushpin_map = Italy#Europe , pushpin_map_caption = Location within Italy##Location within Europe , pushpin_relief = yes , coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Italy , subdivision_type2 = Region , subdivision_name2 = Lazio , subdivision_type3 = Metropolitan city , subdivision_name3 = Rome Capital , government_footnotes= , government_type = Strong Mayor–Council , leader_title2 = Legislature , leader_name2 = Capitoline Assemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Sorice
Antonio Sorice (Nola, 3 November 1897 – Rome, 14 January 1971) was an Italian general during World War II, Undersecretary for War from February to July 1943 and Minister of War from July 1943 to February 1944. Biography He was born in Nola on November 3, 1897 and after completing his studies at the Nunziatella Military School in Naples, he attended the Royal Military Academy of Artillery and Engineers in Turin, graduating as artillery second lieutenant on May 30, 1915, a few day’s after Italy’s entrance into the First World War. He fought during the war, and was captured on the Karst Plateau in 1917. After the end of the war he completed his studies in Turin and then attended the Army School of War in Civitavecchia, subsequently serving in the military garrisons of Genoa and of Ancona. During 1933 he was transferred to Rome to serve at the Ministry of War, initially attached to the Military Secretariat (in this period he supervised the preparations for the invasion o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roberto Lordi
Roberto Lordi (Naples, 11 April 1894 – Rome, 24 March 1944) was Brigadier General of the Regia Aeronautica, Gold Medal of Military Valour Recipient and Martyr in the Fosse Ardeatine Massacre. Biography The son of Gregorio and Rosina D’Antona, Roberto Lordi was born in Naples on 11 April 1894. He attended the “Nunziatella” Military College and fought in the First World War as a Mountain Artillery Officer. Appointed Lieutenant, and obtaining his Flying Observer’s licence at the end of 1916, he displayed great bravery in the battle of Brenta. After obtaining his Pilot’s licence in 1918, he distinguished himself in the Piave and Isonzo battles. He was awarded the Silver Medal for Military Valour and the Italian ''croix de guerre'' for gallantry in his daring reconnaissance missions. After earning a degree in Aeronautical Engineering at the Turin Polytechnic, in 1919 he was stationed in Libya at the ''Comando Aviazione della Tripolitania'' as the Commanding Officer of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Girotti (general)
Mario Girotti (Turin, 2 September 1885 – Rome, 3 November 1957) was an Italian Alpini general during World War II. Biography He was born in Turin on 2 September 1885, the son of Luigi Girotti and Cristina Lussiatti. After becoming officer on September 14, 1906, he served in Libya in 1914 and then took part in the First World War with the rank of captain and later major, earning a silver (for an action in the Carnic Alps in June 1916) and a bronze medal for military valor (for his behaviour during the First Battle of Monte Grappa in December 1917). From December 1918 to April 1919, as major in the "Monte Antelao" Alpini Battalion, he worked on the restoration of the embankments of the Piave river. In 1922 he became commander of the "Susa" Alpini Battalion, then of the 74th Infantry Regiment "Lombardia" and later of the 4th Alpini Regiment. In January 1931 he was promoted to colonel and appointed Head of Office at the Inspectorate of Alpine Troops, replacing Colonel Vincenz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dardano Fenulli
Dardano Fenulli (3 August 1889 – 24 March 1944) was an Italian general during World War II. Biography The son of Army officer Saverio Fenulli and of Rosa Ferrari, in 1906 he enlisted as a volunteer in the "Lancers of Milan" Cavalry Regiment, and later attended the Military Academy of Modena, graduating in 1912 with the rank of cavalry lieutenant. In the same year, his father was killed in action in Derna during the Italo-Turkish War, while leading a bayonet charge, being posthumously awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor. Dardano Fenulli was instead assigned to the "Cavalleggeri di Lucca" Cavalry Regiment, and left for Tripolitania where he participated in the final stages of the war. During the First World War he fought on Cima Bocche and the Colbricon, in the Lagorai mountains; he lost his brother, also named Saverio, killed in action on the Karst Plateau during the Tenth Battle of the Isonzo. After the end of the war he was assigned to the "Nizza Cavalleria" R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vito Artale
Vito Artale (Palermo, 3 March 1882 – Rome, 24 March 1944) was an Italian general during World War II. Biography He was admitted to the Royal Academy of Turin in 1902 and graduate in 1905 as artillery second lieutenant; in September 1908, with the rank of lieutenant, he was assigned to the 3rd Fortress Artillery Regiment. He participated in the Italo-Turkish War (where he earned a Bronze Medal of Military Valor for his role in the capture of Sidi Said in July 1912), after which he was appointed military attaché at the Italian Embassy in Berlin. He participated in the First World War with the rank of captain and later major (from 1917), being assigned in 1917 to the Garda-Mincio Defense Command and subsequently commanding the 122nd and 167th Siege Artillery Groups, the Volunteer Corps Siege Artillery Group and the II Group of the 35th Field Artillery Regiment; in June 1918 he was awarded a War Cross of Military Valor for his role in the Second Battle of the Piave River. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Cordero Lanza Di Montezemolo
Giuseppe Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (Rome, 26 May 1901 – 24 March 1944) was an Italian soldier and Resistance member. Biography He was born in Rome into a family of the old Piedmontese nobility, hailing from Mondovì, with ancient military traditions; his father Demetrio was a brigadier general, and his mother Luisa Dezza was the daughter of General and Risorgimento hero Giuseppe Dezza. At age seventeen, he fought in the final months of the First World War as a volunteer in the 3rd Alpini Regiment, and at the end of the war he continued his career in the Engineering Corps of the Royal Italian Army; he then attended university and obtained a degree in civil engineering in 1923. In 1924 he returned to the Army, where he was promoted to captain in 1928, and was commissioned to teach at the Army Application School. In 1935 he was assigned to the General Staff and in 1937 he volunteered for the Spanish Civil War with the Corps of Volunteer Troops, where he was initially gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quirino Armellini
Quirino Armellini (31 January 1889 in Legnaro – 13 January 1975 in Rome) was an Italian Officer (armed forces), military officer, who served as a General officer, general in both the Royal Italian Army and the Italian Army. Biography Armellini was commissioned into the Royal Italian Army as a second lieutenant in 1908, after graduating from the Military Academy of Modena, and participated in the Italo-Turkish War and the World War I. After serving under the command of Pietro Badoglio in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War against the Ethiopian Empire, Armellini was appointed commander of the Italian African Police (PAI) in the Italian East Africa (AOI). From February to August 1942, during the World War II in Yugoslavia, Armellini was appointed commander of the XVIII Army Corps (Italy), XVIII Army Corps in the Governorate of Dalmatia, Italian-occupied Dalmatia.After that, he was transferred to Southern Italy at the head of the IX Army Corps (Italy), IX Army Corps to defend the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roberto Bencivenga
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown" and ''berht'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin. It is also in use as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe it entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an Old English cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the Norman Conquest. The feminine version is Roberta. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is Roberto. Robert is also a common name in many Germanic languages, including English, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish, Scots, Danish, and Icelandic. It can be use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
