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Circumstance (other)
Circumstance or circumstances may refer to: Law * Attendant circumstance, a legal concept which ''Black's Law Dictionary'' defines as the "facts surrounding an event" ** Aggravating circumstance Aggravation, in law, is "any circumstance attending the commission of a crime or tort which increases its guilt or enormity or adds to its injurious consequences, but which is above and beyond the essential constituents of the crime or tort itself. ..., a circumstance attending the commission of a crime which increases its enormity or adds to its consequences ** Exigent circumstance, allowing law enforcement to enter a structure outside the bounds of a search warrant ** Extenuating circumstances, information regarding a defendant or crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence Arts and media Films * Circumstance (2011 film), ''Circumstance'' (2011 film), a 2011 dramatic film written and directed by Maryam Keshavarz * Circumstance (1922 film), ''Circumstance'' (1922 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attendant Circumstance
In law, attendant circumstances (sometimes external circumstances) are the facts surrounding an event. In criminal law in the United States, the definition of a given offense generally includes up to three kinds of "elements": the , or guilty conduct; the , or guilty mental state; and the attendant (sometimes "external") circumstances. The reason is given in ''Powell v. Texas'', 392 U.S. 514, 533 (1968): ...criminal penalties may be inflicted only if the accused has committed some act, has engaged in some behavior, which society has an interest in preventing. The burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove each "element of the offense" in order for a defendant to be found guilty. The Model Penal Code ยง1.13(9) offers the following definition of the phrase "elements of an offense": (i) such conduct or (ii) such attendant circumstances or (iii) such a result of conduct as ::(a) is included in the description of the forbidden conduct in the definition of the offense; or ::(b) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |