Ciona Robusta
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Ciona Robusta
''Ciona robusta'' is a species of marine invertebrate in the genus '' Ciona'' of the family Cionidae. The holotype was collected on the northeastern coast of Honshu Island, Japan. Populations of '' Ciona intestinalis'' known as '' Ciona intestinalis'' type A found in the Mediterranean Sea, the Pacific Ocean, east coast of North America, and the Atlantic coasts of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ... have been shown to be ''Ciona robusta''. ''Ciona robusta'' is a delineation of ''C. Intestinalis.'' In the early 2000s, molecular research concluded that ''C. intestinalis'' was composed of four distinct lineages named type A, B, C and D. ''Conia intestinalis type A'' was later reclassified as ''C. robusta''. It was not until 2015 that the four different cla ...
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Ciona
''Ciona'' is a genus of tunicate, sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunica (biology), tunic, which is a secretion of the Squamous epithelium, epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the Cheek, buccal (Mouth, oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphon (mollusc), siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the wikt:atrium, atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * ''Ciona antarctica'' * ''Ciona edwardsi'' * ''Ciona fascicularis'' * ''Ciona gelatinosa'' * ''Ciona hoshinoi'' * ''Ciona imperfecta'' * ''Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * ''Ciona mollis'' * ''Ciona pomponiae'' * ''Ciona robusta'' * ''Ciona roulei'' * ''Ciona savignyi'' * ''Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: ''T ...
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Cionidae
Cionidae is a family of sea squirts belonging to the suborder Phlebobranchia Phlebobranchia is a suborder of tunicate, sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea. Characteristics The group includes both colonial and solitary animals. They are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of longitudinal vessels in the .... References Enterogona Tunicate families {{tunicata-stub ...
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Honshu
, historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island separates the Sea of Japan, which lies to its north and west, from the North Pacific Ocean to the south and east. It is the seventh-largest island in the world, and the second-most populous after the Indonesian island of Java. Honshu had a population of 104 million , constituting 81.3% of the entire population of Japan, and is mostly concentrated in the coastal areas and plains. Approximately 30% of the total population resides in the Greater Tokyo Area on the Kantō Plain. As the historical center of Japanese cultural and political power, the island includes several past Japanese capitals, including Kyōto, Nara and Kamakura. Much of the island's southern shore forms part of the Taiheiyō Belt, a megalopolis that spans several of the Japane ...
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Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ...
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WoRMS
Worms may refer to: *Worm, an invertebrate animal with a tube-like body and no limbs Places *Worms, Germany, a city **Worms (electoral district) *Worms, Nebraska, U.S. *Worms im Veltlintal, the German name for Bormio, Italy Arts and entertainment * ''Worms'' (film), a 2013 Brazilian animated film * ''Worms'' (series), a series of video games, including: ** ''Worms'' (1995 video game), the first game in the series ** ''Worms'' (2007 video game), for Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, and iOS *''Worms?'', 1983 computer game Other uses *Worms (infection), common name for Helminthiasis *Parasitic worms (other) *Worms (surname), a surname *World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) See also * *Worm (other) * Diet of Worms (other) *Worms & Cie Sequana Capital was a French pulp and paper company. History The company was founded as a coal importing business known as Worms and Cie in 1848. After diversifying into banking and finance it acquired Arjo W ...
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Ciona Intestinalis
''Ciona intestinalis'' (sometimes known by the common name of vase tunicate) is an ascidian (sea squirt), a tunicate with very soft tunic. Its Latin name literally means "pillar of intestines", referring to the fact that its body is a soft, translucent column-like structure, resembling a mass of intestines sprouting from a rock. It is a globally distributed cosmopolitan species. Since Linnaeus described the species, ''Ciona intestinalis'' has been used as a model invertebrate chordate in developmental biology and genomics. Studies conducted between 2005 and 2010 have shown that there are at least two, possibly four, sister species. More recently it has been shown that one of these species has already been described as ''Ciona robusta''. By anthropogenic means, the species has invaded various parts of the world and is known as an invasive species. Although Linnaeus first categorised this species as a kind of mollusk, Alexander Kovalevsky found a tadpole-like larval stage during ...
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The Sea has played a central role in the history of Western civilization. Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago, the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years during the Messinian salinity crisis before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago. The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about , representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar—the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa—is only wide. The Mediterranean Sea e ...
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Oceania in the west and the Americas in the east. At in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), this largest division of the World Ocean—and, in turn, the hydrosphere—covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of its total surface area, larger than Earth's entire land area combined .Pacific Ocean
. '' Britannica Concise.'' 2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The centers of both the

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North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Because it is on the North American Plate, North American Tectonic Plate, Greenland is included as a part of North America geographically. North America covers an area of about , about 16.5% of Earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third-largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America, 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population. In Americas (terminology)#Human ge ...
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Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European perception of the World. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and North and South America to the west. As one component of the interconnected World Ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Atlantic Ocean is divided in two parts, by the Equatorial Counter Current, with the North(ern) Atlantic Ocean and the South(ern) Atlantic Ocean split at about 8°N. Scientific explorations of the Atlanti ...
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ...
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Kyoto University
, mottoeng = Freedom of academic culture , established = , type = National university, Public (National) , endowment = ¥ 316 billion (2.4 1000000000 (number), billion USD) , faculty = 3,480 (Teaching Staff) , administrative_staff = 3,978 (Total Staff) , students = 22,615 , president = Nagahiro Minato , city = Kyoto , state = Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto , country = Japan , coor = , undergrad = 13,038 , postgrad = 9,308 , campus = Urban area, Urban,, , colors = Dark blue (color), Dark blue , nickname = Kyodai , mascot = None , free_label = Athletics , free = 48 varsity teams , affiliations = Kansai Big Six, Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning, ASAIHL , logo = , website www.kyoto-u.ac.jp , or , is a public university, public research university located in Kyoto, Japan. Founded in 1897, it is one of the former Imperial Universities and the second oldest university in Japan. KyotoU is consistent ...
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