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Chlorestes
''Chlorestes'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains five species: * White-bellied emerald, ''Chlorestes candida'' (formerly placed in ''Amazilia'') * Blue-throated sapphire, ''Chlorestes eliciae'' (formerly placed in ''Hylocharis'') *White-chinned sapphire The white-chinned sapphire (''Chlorestes cyanus'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in northern South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical dry ..., ''Chlorestes cyanus'' (formerly placed in ''Hylocharis'') * Violet-bellied hummingbird, ''Chlorestes julie'' (formerly placed in ''Juliamyia'') * Blue-chinned sapphire, ''Chlorestes notata'' This genus formerly included only the blue-chinned sapphire. Additional species were moved to this genus based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2014. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15873882 Chlorestes Bird genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorestes
''Chlorestes'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains five species: * White-bellied emerald, ''Chlorestes candida'' (formerly placed in ''Amazilia'') * Blue-throated sapphire, ''Chlorestes eliciae'' (formerly placed in ''Hylocharis'') *White-chinned sapphire The white-chinned sapphire (''Chlorestes cyanus'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in northern South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical dry ..., ''Chlorestes cyanus'' (formerly placed in ''Hylocharis'') * Violet-bellied hummingbird, ''Chlorestes julie'' (formerly placed in ''Juliamyia'') * Blue-chinned sapphire, ''Chlorestes notata'' This genus formerly included only the blue-chinned sapphire. Additional species were moved to this genus based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2014. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15873882 Chlorestes Bird genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violet-bellied Hummingbird
The violet-bellied hummingbird (''Chlorestes julie'') is a species of hummingbird characterized by the male's shimmering violet belly. Taxonomy and systematics The scientific name of this bird is currently ''Chlorestes julie,'' however, it was previously described as ''Juliamyia julie''. Its genus being ''Chlorestes'' which is in the hummingbird family: Trochilidae. This family belongs to the order Apodiformes which includes hummingbirds and swifts. Within this species rank are three subspecies: ''panamensis, julie,'' and ''feliciana''. Each are only separated by very minute features. ''Chlorestes julie panamensis'' occurs in Panama and has a head the same dull metallic green color as its back. ''Chlorestes julie julie'' and ''feliciana'' both have a brilliant green metallic back although ''julie'' has a shorter bill (14.5 mm) and a bluer belly whereas ''feliciana'' has a longer bill (15.1 mm) and a more violet belly. While ''julie'' occurs in Northern Columbia, ''fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-chinned Sapphire
The blue-chinned sapphire or blue-chinned emerald (''Chlorestes notata'') is a hummingbird that ranges from Colombia south and east to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru, and Brazil. There have been occasional records from Tobago. For Brazil, the species' range is along the main Amazon River Basin, as well as the Atlantic Forest, both in the northeast, as well as far south on the southeast coastal strip, (an entire coastal strip, north-east-south of about 3000 km). It is sometimes placed in the genus ''Chlorostilbon''. It is a bird of forests and sometimes cultivated areas with large trees. The female lays her eggs in a deep cup nest, made of lichen and other fine plant material and placed on a horizontal tree branch. Incubation is 16 days with a further 18–19 days to fledging. Blue-chinned sapphires feed on insects and nectar, mainly in trees but sometimes on vines, shrubs, herbs, epiphytes or smaller plants like ''Heliconia ''Heliconia'', derived from the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-throated Sapphire
The blue-throated goldentail (''Chlorestes eliciae''), also known as the blue-throated sapphire, is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.Rodríguez M., J.V. (1978). Hallazgo de Hylocharis eliciae (Aves-Trochilidae) en Colombia. Caldasia 12: 359-361. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest.Stiles, F.G., and A. F. Skutch. (1989). A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. (1995). A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, New York, New York.Stiles, F.G. & Boesman, P. (2017). Blue-throated Goldentail (Hylocharis eliciae). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-bellied Emerald
The white-bellied emerald (''Chlorestes candida'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved May 27, 2021 Taxonomy and systematics The white-bellied emerald was originally placed in genus '' Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In 2020 the North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) and the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) moved it and four other hummingbirds into genus ''Chlorestes''. In 2021 the Clements taxonomy followed suit. However, the 2020 Version ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-chinned Sapphire
The white-chinned sapphire (''Chlorestes cyanus'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in northern South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Hylocharis''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Hylocharis'' was polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver .... In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the white-chinned sapphire was moved to '' Chlorestes''. Description The male has a prussian blue head and is green with a red beak while the female is brown and white with a black beak. References white-chinned sapphir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazilia
''Amazilia'' is a hummingbird genus in the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in tropical Central and South America. Taxonomy The genus ''Amazilia'' was introduced in 1843 by the French naturalist René Lesson. Lesson had used ''amazilia'' in 1827 as the specific epithet of the amazilia hummingbird which is now the only species placed in the genus ''Amazilis''. The name comes from the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel ''Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou''. The type species was subsequently designated as the cinnamon hummingbird. The genus contains five species: * Rufous-tailed hummingbird, ''Amazilia tzacatl * Buff-bellied hummingbird, ''Amazilia yucatanensis'' * Cinnamon hummingbird, ''Amazilia rutila'' * Mangrove hummingbird, ''Amazilia boucardi'' * Honduran emerald, ''Amazilia luciae'' An additional species is sometimes included: * Guanacaste hummingbird, ''Amazilia alfaroana'' (disputed) This genus formerly included many more species. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylocharis
''Hylocharis'' is a genus of hummingbirds, in the family Trochilidae. It contains two species that are both found in South America. Taxonomy The genus ''Hylocharis'' was introduced in 1831 by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie. The type species was designated by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840 as the rufous-throated sapphire. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ''hulē'' meaning "woodland" or "forest" with ''kharis'' meaning "beauty". This genus formerly included additional species. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus ''Hylocharis'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, species were moved to ''Chrysuronia'' and ''Chlorestes''. The genus now contains the following two species: * Rufous-throated sapphire (''Hylocharis sapphirina'') * Gilded sapphire The gilded sapphire (''Hylocharis chrysura''), also known as the gilded hummingbird, is a species of hummingbird in the "emeral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Reichenbach
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (8 January 1793 – 17 March 1879) was a German botanist and ornithologist. It was he who first requested Leopold Blaschka to make a set of glass marine invertebrate models for scientific education and museum showcasing, the successful commission giving rise to the creation of the Blaschkas' Glass sea creatures and, subsequently and indirectly, the more famous Glass Flowers. Early life Born in Leipzig and the son of Johann Friedrich Jakob Reichenbach (the author in 1818 of the first Greek-German dictionary) Reichenbach studied medicine and natural science at the University of Leipzig in 1810 and, eight years later in 1818, he the now Professor became an instructor before, in 1820, he was appointed the director of the Dresden natural history museum and a professor at the Surgical-Medical Academy in Dresden, where he remained for many years. Glass sea creatures Director of the natural history museum in Dresden, Professor Reichenbach was fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics around the equator. They are small birds, with most species measuring in length. The smallest extant hummingbird species is the bee hummingbird, which weighs less than . The largest hummingbird species is the giant hummingbird, weighing . They are specialized for feeding on flower nectar, but all species also consume flying insects or spiders. Hummingbirds split from their sister group, the swifts and treeswifts, around 42 million years ago. The common ancestor of extant hummingbirds is estimated to have lived 22 million years ago in South America. They are known as hummingbirds because of the humming sound created by their beating wings, which flap at high frequencies audible to humans. They hover in mid-air at rapid wing-flapping rate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
