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Chirpăr
Chirpăr (german: Kirchberg; hu, Kürpöd) is a commune located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Chirpăr, Săsăuș (''Sachsenhausen''; ''Szászház''), Vărd (''Werd''; ''Vérd'') and Veseud (''Zied''; ''Vessződ''). Chirpăr and Veseud villages have fortified churches. The commune is situated in the eastern part of the county, east of the county seat, Sibiu, south of Agnita, and west of Făgăraș. Architecture The village church was erected by the local Transylvanian Saxon community in the 12th century. It was initially built as a Romanesque basilica, made of stone. History The Mongol invasion of 1241–1242 caused great damage to the area. The first attestation of the locality (under the name of Kirchberg) dates from 1332. In 1910 the Agnita to Sibiu railway line was completed with at station at Vărd; however the line was closed in 2001. An active restoration group has since been formed aiming to restore the entire line to wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibiu County
Sibiu County () is a county ( ro, județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat ( ro, reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt). Name In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szeben megye'', and in German as ''Kreis Hermannstadt''. Under the Kingdom of Hungary, a county with an identical name ( Szeben County, ro, Comitatul Sibiu) was created in 1876. Demographics In 2011, Sibiu County had a population of 375,992 and the population density was . At the 2011 census the county has the following population indices: * Romanians – 91.25% (or 340,836) * Romani – 4.76% (or 17,901) * Hungarians – 2.89% (or 10,893) * Germans (Transylvanian Saxons) – 1.09% (or 4,117) * Other – 0.1% (or 640) Religion: * Romanian Orthodox – 90.9% * Greek Catholics – 2.3% * Reformed – 2.0% * Roman Catholics – 1.5% * Pentecostals – 1.1% * Baptists – 0.9% * Other – 1.3% Urbanisation – 5th most urbanised county ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zied Mit Blick Aus Nordosten 01
Zaid bin Hussein, GCVO, GBE ( ar, زيد بن الØسين; February 28, 1898 – October 18, 1970) was an Iraqi prince who was a member of the Hashemite dynasty and the head of the Royal House of Iraq from 1958 until his death, after the royal line founded by his brother Faisal I of Iraq died out. Biography Prince Zaid was the fourth son of Hussein bin Ali, who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca, and only son of Hussein and his third wife, Adila Khanum. He was educated at Galatasaray High School in Stamboul (Istanbul), Constantinople College and Balliol College, Oxford. From 1916 to 1919, Prince Zeid was the Commander of the Arab Northern Army. In 1918, T. E. Lawrence suggested that he be made king of a truncated north-western Syria. The advent of French rule resulted in his assignment in 1923 to the Iraqi Cavalry and he was promoted to Colonel. Zeid was also Iraqi ambassador in Berlin and in Ankara in the 1930s and in London in the 1950s. On July 14, 1958, Prince Zeid becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irina PetraÈ™
Irina PetraÈ™ (born 27 November 1947) is a Romanian writer, literary critic, essayist, translator and editor. Biography Irina PetraÈ™ graduated from high school in Agnita in 1965, and from the Faculty of Letters of the BabeÈ™-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca in 1970. She earned a PhD in Romanian literature with the thesis entitled: ''Camil Petrescu, the Fiction Writer/Camil Petrescu, prozatorul (1980)''. She was editor of the Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House (coordinator of the "Akademos" collection: 1990–1999), editor-in-chief of Casa CărÅ£ii de Åžtiinţă Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca (1999–2012). Currently she is president of the Cluj branch of the Writers' Union of Romania (since 2005). Publishing activity Irina PetraÈ™'s first published book was ''Proza lui Camil Petrescu'' (''Camil Petrescu's Fiction'') (1981). She has published four essays on the theme of death, two prominent ones are ''ÅžtiinÈ›a morÅ£ii (The Knowledge of Death'') (1995) and ''Moartea la purtÄ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Villages With Fortified Churches In Transylvania
The south-eastern Transylvania region in Romania currently has one of the highest numbers of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries. It has more than 150 well preserved fortified churches of a great variety of architectural styles (out of an original 300 fortified churches). Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania are seven villages (six Saxon and one Székely) founded by the Transylvanian Saxons. They are dominated by fortified churches and characterized by a specific settlement pattern that has been preserved since the Late Middle Ages.Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2010 The list The seven villages listed as a |
First Mongol Invasion Of Hungary
The first Mongol invasion of Hungary ( hu, tatárjárás) started in March 1241, and the Mongols started to withdraw in late March 1242. Background Mongol invasion of Europe The Hungarians had first learned about the Mongol threat in 1229, when King Andrew II granted asylum to some fleeing Russian boyars. Some Magyars (Hungarians), left behind during the main migration to the Pannonian basin, still lived on the banks of the upper Volga (it is believed by some that the descendants of this group are the modern-day Bashkirs, although this people now speaks a Turkic language, not Magyar). In 1237 a Dominican friar, Julianus, set off on an expedition to lead them back, and was sent back to King Béla with a letter from Batu Khan. In this letter, Batu called upon the Hungarian king to surrender his kingdom unconditionally to the Tatar forces or face complete destruction. Béla did not reply, and two more messages were later delivered to Hungary. The first, in 1239, was sent by the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vărd Railway Station
Vărd railway station was a station on the Agnita railway line in Vărd, Sibiu County Romania. The station still exists along with the track which has been protected. History The station was built by the Hungarian State Railways in 1910 who operated it until 1919 when Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ... became part of Romania. After a decline in usage across the whole line and subsequent curtailing of the route in the 60s and 90s the station closed in 2001. Future Plans exist to reopen part of the line after it was protected in 2008. The local group ''Asociația Prietenii Mocăniței'' has taken on the task of restoring the route which has already restored a section of the line. References Defunct railway stations in Romania Former Agnita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agnita Railway Line
The Agnita railway line was a rail line in Sibiu County, Romania. Originally it ran from Sibiu railway station to Sighișoara in Mureș County. There also was a branch line to Vurpăr. However the final section from Sibiu to Agnita was closed in 2001. Căile Ferate Române (CFR) classed the line, along with the Vurpăr branch, as line 204 in the last years of operation. The Sibiu Steam Locomotives Museum holds the last remaining original locomotive from 1896. History The line was originally built by the Sighișoara – Sibiu Local Railways Company which started work from Sighișoara in 1895 reaching Agnita by 1898 and Sibiu in 1910. The Vurpăr branch was opened at the same time as the Sibiu extension. As the line originally lay within Hungary, the Hungarian State Railways operated services until 1919, when Transylvania became part of Romania. CFR then continued to operate services until 1965 when the original section from Sighișoara to Agnita was closed. In 1993 the Vurpăr b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Saxon
The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (german: Siebenbürgen) in waves starting from the mid- 12th century until the mid 19th century. The legal foundation of the settlement was laid down in the Diploma Andreanum issued by King Andrew II of Hungary that is known for providing the first territorial autonomy hitherto in the history. The Transylvanian "Saxons" originally came from Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Liège, Zeeland, Moselle, Lorraine, and Luxembourg, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s. After 1918 and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, in the wake of the Treaty of Trianon, Transylvania united with the Kingdom of Romania. Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in newl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanesque Architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. In the 12th century it developed into the Gothic style, marked by pointed arches. Examples of Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent, making it the first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture. The Romanesque style in England and Sicily is traditionally referred to as Norman architecture. Combining features of ancient Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions, Romanesque architecture is known by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy pillars, barrel vaults, large towers and decorative arcading. Each building has clearly defined forms, frequently of very regular, symmetrical plan; the overall appearance is one of simplic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commune In Romania
A commune (''comună'' in Romanian language, Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania. The commune is the rural subdivision of a Counties of Romania, county. Urban areas, such as towns and cities within a county, are given the status of ''Cities in Romania, city'' or ''Municipality in Romania, municipality''. In principle, a commune can contain any size population, but in practice, when a commune becomes relatively urbanised and exceeds approximately 10,000 residents, it is usually granted city status. Although cities are on the same administrative level as communes, their local governments are structured in a way that gives them more power. Some urban or semi-urban areas of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants have also been given city status. Each commune is administered by a mayor (''primar'' in Romanian). A commune is made up of one or more villages which do not themselves have an administrative function. Communes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Făgăraș
Făgăraș (; german: Fogarasch, Fugreschmarkt, hu, Fogaras) is a municipiu, city in central Romania, located in Brașov County. It lies on the Olt (river), Olt River and has a population of 28,330 as of 2011. It is situated in the historical region of Transylvania, and is the main city of a subregion, Țara Făgărașului. Geography The city is located at the foothills of the Făgăraș Mountains, on their northern side. It is traversed by the DN1 road, west of Brașov and east of Sibiu. On the east side of the city, between an abandoned field and a gas station, lies the Geographical centre, geographical center of Romania, at . The Olt River flows east to west on the north side of the city; its left tributary, the Berivoi, Berivoi River, discharges into the Olt on the west side of the city, after receiving the waters of the Racovița (Făgăraș), Racovița River. The Berivoi and the Racovița were used to bring water to a since-closed major chemical plant located on the outsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
