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Chimbu–Wahgi Languages
The Chimbu–Wahgi languages are a language family sometimes included in the Trans–New Guinea proposal. Languages There is little doubt that the Chimbu–Wahgi family is valid. The languages are:Usher, TimothySimbu-Western Highlands ''New Guinea World''. *Chimbu–Wahgi family **Chimbu (Simbu) branch **: Kuman (Chimbu), Chuave, Nomane, Golin– Dom, Salt-Yui, Sinasina **Western Highlands ***Jimi River ***: Maring, Narak– Kandawo *** Wahgi Valley ***: Nii, Wahgi, North Wahgi (= Yu We?) ***Mount Hagen **** Melpa (Medlpa) ****Kaugel River: Imbo Ungu, Umbu-Ungu, Mbo-Ung (Bo-Ung) Phonology Several of the Chimbu–Wahgi languages have uncommon lateral consonants: see Nii, Wahgi, and Kuman for examples. Chimbu–Wahgi languages have contrastive tone. Pronouns The singular pronouns are: : Dual *-l and plural *-n reflect Trans–New Guinea forms. Evolution Middle Wahgi reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma: *''ama'' ‘mother’ < *am(a,i) *''amu'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia). Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest island country, with an area of . At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, including nearly 60 years of Australian administration starting during World War I, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. There are 839 known languages of Papua New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wahgi Language
Wahgi is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Chimbu–Wahgi branch spoken by approximately 100,000 people in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Like other Chimbu languages, Wahgi has some unusual lateral consonants. Phonology Consonants The dental consonants are "distributed", with closure along a considerable distance of the vocal tract. This presumably means that they are laminal, and that the alveolar consonants are apical. The dental consonants have palatalized allophones in free variation. The description of the (palatalized) dentals suggest they may be alveolo-palatal or something similar. This is further suggested by transitional vowels triggered by , apparently even by its non-palatalized allophone: 'moon', ic'here'. The nasal element of the prenasalized consonants is syllabic when not preceded by a vowel, but takes a noncontrastive low tone and is never stressed: 'but', 'we know'. Prenasalized consonants are perceived as single segments word-initially, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papuan Languages
The Papuan languages are the non- Austronesian and non- Australian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands, by around 4 million people. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a genetic relationship. The concept of Papuan (non-Austronesian) speaking Melanesians as distinct from Austronesian-speaking Melanesians was first suggested and named by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1892. New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world. Besides the Austronesian languages, there are some (arguably) 800 languages divided into perhaps sixty small language families, with unclear relationships to each other or to any other languages, plus many language isolates. The majority of the Papuan languages are spoken on the island of New Guinea, with a number spoken in the Bismarck Archipelago, Bougainville Island and the Solomon Islands to the east, and in Halmahera, Timor and the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, a sovereign state in Oceania, is the most linguistically diverse country in the world. According to Ethnologue, there are 839 living languages spoken in the country. In 2006, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare stated that "Papua New Guinea has 832 living languages (languages, not dialects)." Languages with statutory recognition are Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, and Papua New Guinean Sign Language.There is no specific legislation proclaiming official languages in Papua New Guinea. In the constitution of Papua New Guinea, section 2(11) (literacy) of its preamble mentions '...all persons and governmental bodies to endeavour to achieve universal literacy in Pisin, Hiri Motu or English' as well as "tok ples" and "ita eda tano gado". In addition, section 67 (2)(c) mentions "speak and understand Pisin or Hiri Motu, or a vernacular of the country, sufficiently for normal conversational purposes" as a requirement for citizenship by nationalisation; this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimbu–Wahgi Languages
The Chimbu–Wahgi languages are a language family sometimes included in the Trans–New Guinea proposal. Languages There is little doubt that the Chimbu–Wahgi family is valid. The languages are:Usher, TimothySimbu-Western Highlands ''New Guinea World''. *Chimbu–Wahgi family **Chimbu (Simbu) branch **: Kuman (Chimbu), Chuave, Nomane, Golin– Dom, Salt-Yui, Sinasina **Western Highlands ***Jimi River ***: Maring, Narak– Kandawo *** Wahgi Valley ***: Nii, Wahgi, North Wahgi (= Yu We?) ***Mount Hagen **** Melpa (Medlpa) ****Kaugel River: Imbo Ungu, Umbu-Ungu, Mbo-Ung (Bo-Ung) Phonology Several of the Chimbu–Wahgi languages have uncommon lateral consonants: see Nii, Wahgi, and Kuman for examples. Chimbu–Wahgi languages have contrastive tone. Pronouns The singular pronouns are: : Dual *-l and plural *-n reflect Trans–New Guinea forms. Evolution Middle Wahgi reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma: *''ama'' ‘mother’ < *am(a,i) *''amu'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaipuleohone
Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored in the ScholarSpace repository of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa and maintained by the Department of Linguistics of the University's College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature. Kaipuleohone was established by Nick Thieberger in 2008. It is a member of thDigital Endangered Languages and Musics Archiving Network(DELAMAN). The term ''kaipuleohone'' means 'gourd of sweet words' and symbolizes the impression of an accumulation of language material. Kaipuleohone comprises several collections including Kaipuleohone Audio Files, the Bickerton Collection, the Blust Collection, the Bradshaw Collection, and the Sato Collection. The archive director is Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker. See also * Language Documentation & Conservation * Schola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like spl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels. Languages that have this feature are called tonal languages; the distinctive tone patterns of such a language are sometimes called tonemes, by analogy with '' phoneme''. Tonal languages are common in East and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Pacific. Tonal languages are different from pitch-accent languages in that tonal languages can have each syllable with an independent tone whilst pitch-accent languages may have one syllable in a word or morpheme that is more prominent than the others. Mechanics Most languages use pitch as intonation to co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateral Consonant
A lateral is a consonant in which the airstream proceeds along one or both of the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth. An example of a lateral consonant is the English ''L'', as in ''Larry''. Lateral consonants contrast with central consonants, in which the airstream flows through the center of the mouth. For the most common laterals, the tip of the tongue makes contact with the upper teeth (see dental consonant) or the upper gum (see alveolar consonant), but there are many other possible places for laterals to be made. The most common laterals are approximants and belong to the class of liquids, but lateral fricatives and affricates are also common in some parts of the world. Some languages, such as the Iwaidja and Ilgar languages of Australia, have lateral flaps, and others, such as the Xhosa and Zulu languages of Africa, have lateral clicks. When pronouncing the labiodental fricatives , the lip blocks the air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tembagla Language
Tembagla, also known as Bo-Ung (Mbo-Ung), is one of the languages spoken in the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. Geographically the people are Kaugel, but their language appears to be closer to the related Medlpa. Dialects are Ku Waru, Mara-Gomu, Miyemu (Miyem), and Tembalo (Tembaglo). See also *Kailge Sign Language Kailge Sign Language is a well-developed village sign language of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken over a wide region of small hamlets around the town of Kailge, as well as in Kailge itself, in a Ku Waru–speaking reg ... References External links * The New Testament in the Mara-Gomu dialect of the Bo-Ung Language of Papua New Guinea Languages of Western Highlands Province Chimbu–Wahgi languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaugel Language
Kaugel (Gawigl) is one of the languages spoken in the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. Native speakers call the area on the Southern Highlands side of the Kaugel River from the Western Highlands province home. Dialects are Aua (Ibo Ugu, Imbo Ungu, Imbongu) and Gawil (Umbo Ungu, Kakoli). Kaugel counts with a base-24 system in cycles of 4. The word for 4 is also the word for hand in reference to the four fingers. A translation of the New Testament was published in 1997 and is currently available online. Imbongu has a pandanus language used during karuka The karuka (''Pandanus julianettii'', also called karuka nut and ''Pandanus'' nut) is a species of tree in the family Pandanaceae and an important regional food crop in New Guinea. The nuts are more nutritious than coconuts, and are so popul ... harvest. References External links *Organised Phonology Data Languages of Southern Highlands Province Chimbu–Wahgi languages Pandanus avoidance regist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
