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Chepangic Languages
The Chepangic languages, Chepang and Bhujel, are Sino-Tibetan languages of uncertain affiliation spoken in Nepal. They are often classified as part of the Mahakiranti or Magaric families (van Driem 2001). Until recently, the Chepang people were hunter-gatherers. Classification Schorer (2016:293)Schorer, Nicolas. 2016. ''The Dura Language: Grammar and Phylogeny''. Leiden: Brill. classifies Chepangic as part of his newly proposed Greater Magaric group. ;Greater Magaric *Proto-Dura **'' Dura'' **'' Tandrange'' * Magaric: ''Kham'', '' Magar'' *Chepangic-Raji **Chepangic: '' Chepang'', ''Bhujel Bhujel or Gharti is a caste group in Nepal. The inhabitants living near the Bhuji Khola river called Bhujel. Bhujel are divided into four subcaste – Bhujyal, Gharti, Nisel and Khawas. Most of the Bhujel of Nepal speaks Nepali language but some ...'' ** Raji-Raute: '' Raji'', '' Raute'', '' Rawat'' References * George van Driem (2001) ''Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, and India in the south, east, and west, while it is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor, and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-cultural state, with Nepali as the official language. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the largest city. The name "Nepal" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Magaric Languages
The Greater Magaric languages are a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages proposed by Nicolas Schorer (2016). Schorer (2016: 286-287) considers Greater Magaric to be closely related to the Kiranti languages as part of a greater '' Himalayish'' branch, and does not consider Himalayish to be particularly closely related to the Tibetic languages, which include Tibetan and the Tamangic languages. Matisoff (2015: xxxii, 1123-1127), in the final print release of the ''Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus'' (STEDT), has also proposed a Kham- Magar- Chepang language group.Matisoff, James A. 2015''The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus'' Berkeley: University of California.PDFBruhn, Daniel; Lowe, John; Mortensen, David; Yu, Dominic (2015). ''Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Database Software''. Software, UC Berkeley Dash. Classification Schorer (2016:293)Schorer, Nicolas. 2016. ''The Dura Language: Grammar and Phylogeny''. Leiden: Brill. classif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawat Language
Rawat (Raute), or "Jangali" (Jungle), is a small Sino-Tibetan language of India. It is spoken in 9 villages north of Askot in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India (''Ethnologue'') as well as in several villages in Dadeldhura District, Nepal and Darchula District, Nepal. Rawat (pronounced "raut") is a semi-agglutinative language, and features SOV sentences with either monosyllabic or less frequently di-syllabic noun heads and verb stems. Verbs are modified with various particles, including nominalizers, causatives, tense, aspect, person, number and other generally stem final particles. The noun heads have plurals, locatives, deictics, ergatives, reflexives and other generally word-final case markings. Prefixed morphemes similar to adjectives also modify nouns and root-initial voiced/voiceless alternations signal the transitivity of verbs. An example is ''geda hluw hwã-ha-re'' (geda=child hluw=bathe hwã=Copula ha=progressive re=present tense) "The child is bathing" (Fortier 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raute Language
Raute is a small Sino-Tibetan language of Dadeldhura District, Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal. Some speakers are nomadic. Alternate names include Boto boli, Khamchi, Raji, Rajwar, Ra’te, Rautya, Rautye (''Ethnologue''). Geographical distribution ''Ethnologue'' lists the following locations for historical and present locations of the Raute. *Jogbudha and Sirsa VDC's, Dadeldhura District, Sudurpashchim Province: in Karnali and Mahakali (Kali) rivers watershed regions (800 settled) *Former nomadic camp in Surkhet district, Karnali Province Karnali Province ( ne, कर्णाली प्रदेश) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution which was adopted on 20 September 2015. The total area of the province is covering 18.97% of the cou ... *Midwest and far west forest regions (about 25 nomads). References Raji–Raute languages Languages of Nepal Languages of Sudurpashchim Province Languages of Karnali Province {{st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raji Language
Raji is a small Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal and Uttarakhand, India. Speakers were until recently nomadic. Distribution Raji is spoken in the following areas of southwestern Nepal: *Lumbini Province: Banke and Bardiya districts *Karnali Province: Surkhet *Sudurpashchim Province: Kailali and Kanchanpur districts It is also spoken by Raji people of Uttarakhand, India, primarily living in Pithoragarh district. In Pithoragarh district, Rastogi (2015) reports that Raji is spoken in the hamlets of Kimkhola, Bhogtirua, Ganagaon, Chipaltara, Madanbori, Kutachaurani, Altodi, Jamtadi, Khirdwari and Chakarpur. Dialects Khatri (2008)Khatri, Ramesh. 2008. ''The structure of verbs and sentences of Raji''. MA thesis, Kirtipur: Tribhuvan University. divides Raji into 3 main regional dialects, for which he also provides word lists. *Barabandale: spoken in Jyotinagar, Katasi, Lalbojhi, Kuti, Bhuruwa, Solta, Khairehi, and Keodi of Kailali District; Sundarpur, Bandevi Sibir, Daiji, krishanp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magar Language
Magar Dhut ( ne, मगर ढुट, ) is a Sino-Tibetan Language spoken mainly in Nepal, Southern Bhutan, and in Darjeeling and Sikkim, India, by the Magar people. It is divided into two groups (Eastern and Western) and further dialect divisions give distinct tribal identity. In Nepal 788,530 people speak the language. While the government of Nepal developed Magar language curricula, as provisioned by the constitution, the teaching materials have never successfully reached Magar schools, where most school instruction is in the Nepali language. It is not unusual for groups with their own language to feel that the "mother-tongue" is an essential part of identity. The Dhut Magar language is sometimes lumped with the Magar Kham language spoken further west in Bheri, Dhaulagiri, and Rapti zones. Although the two languages share many common words, they have major structural differences and are not mutually intelligible. Geographical distribution Western Magar Western Magar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kham Language
Magar Kham (मगर खाम), also known as ''Kham'', ''Kham Magar'', and ''Khamkura'', is the Sino-Tibetan language variety of the Northern Magar people of Nepal. The language is situated in the upper elevations of Baglung, East Rukum, and Rolpa districts. Based on census data taken in 2011, the total population of Magar Kham is estimated to be about 69,000 speakers.Central Bureau of Statistics. (2014). National population and housing census 2011. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal. Language classification Magar Kham is a Sino-Tibetan language, and it is classified by David Bradley as “Central Himalayan,” and as being related to Magar and Chepang and more distantly related to the Kiranti languages. George van Driem also classifies Magar Kham as “Para-Kiranti,” emphasizing that Magar Kham, Magar, and Chepang are united more by their differences from the Kiranti cluster than by their similarity to one another. Within this cluster, Magar Kham possesses a number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tandrange Language
Tandrange ( ) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in a few ethnic Gurung villages of Lamjung District, Nepal.Schorer, Nicolas. 2016. ''The Dura Language: Grammar and Phylogeny''. Leiden: Brill. Tandrange is spoken in the villages of Tāndrāṅ (), Pokharī Thok (), and Jītā (). It belongs to the Greater Magaric branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. According to Schorer (2016), the Tandrange language is closely related to the recently extinct Dura language, which was also spoken in Lamjung District. However, Tandrange speakers adamantly consider themselves as not related to the stigmatized Dura people Dura may also refer to: Đura such as, for example, Đura Bajalović Geography * Dura language, a critically endangered language of Nepal * Dura, Africa, an ancient city and former bishopric, now a Catholic titular see * Dura-Europos, an ancient .... Numerals The Tandrange numerals are:Nagila, Kedar Bilash. 2010Dura genderlects Presented at Southeast Asian Ministers of Edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dura Language
Dura is a recently extinct language of Nepal. It has been classified in the West Bodish branch of Tibetan languages, though more recent work separates it out as an independent branch of Sino-Tibetan. Many of the Dura have switched to speaking Nepali, and the Dura language has sometimes been thought to be extinct. Some of the people who have switched to Nepali for their daily speech still use Dura for prayer. The Himalayan Languages Project is working on recording additional knowledge of Dura. Around 1,500 words and 250 sentences in Dura have been recorded. The last known speaker of the language was the 82-year-old Soma Devi Dura. Classification Schorer (2016:293)Schorer, Nicolas. 2016. ''The Dura ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunter-gatherer
A traditional hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living an ancestrally derived lifestyle in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local sources, especially edible wild plants but also insects, fungi, honey, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish), roughly as most animal omnivores do. Hunter-gatherer societies stand in contrast to the more sedentary agricultural societies, which rely mainly on cultivating crops and raising domesticated animals for food production, although the boundaries between the two ways of living are not completely distinct. Hunting and gathering was humanity's original and most enduring successful competitive adaptation in the natural world, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers who did not change were displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman Languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed parallels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
