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Charles François Laurent
Charles François Laurent (12 November 1856 – 16 February 1939) was a French senior civil servant, specializing in finance. He was president of the Cour des comptes (Court of Audit). After taking early retirement at the age of 53 he became a businessman. He became a member of the board of the Suez Canal Company and president of the French branch of Thomson-Houston. Laurent was co-founder of the Crédit national. After World War I (1914–18) he was French ambassador in Berlin between 1920 and 1922 and was involved in discussions of reparations. Early years (1856–77) Charles François Laurent was born in Paris on 12 November 1856. His parents were Pierre Charles Laurent, a merchant, and Narcisse Decaux. He studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and the École Polytechnique (1875). He was a second lieutenant at the School of Artillery in 1877. Civil service (1877–1909) Laurent was a supernumerary at the Central Administration of Finance, then a clerk in the Posts and Telegraphs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confédération Générale De La Production Française
The Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF: General Confederation of French Production) was a French manufacturers' association. Foundation The Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF) was created at the initiative of Étienne Clémentel. It was founded on 19 March 1919, bringing together 21 employers' federations in an attempt to unite previously competing groups. The CGPF demanded complete freedom from government interference, but the right to participate in any government action that might affect the interests of its members. The Union des industries et métiers de la métallurgie (UIMM) acted in effect as the instrument of the Comité des forges steelmakers' association for handling social issues. The UIMM provided logistic support to the Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF), with the result that the CGPF was accused of being simply a puppet of the steel industry. History The Fédération des Associations Ré ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Statistical Institute
The International Statistical Institute (ISI) is a professional association of statisticians. It was founded in 1885, although there had been international statistical congresses since 1853. The institute has about 4,000 elected members from government, academia, and the private sector. The affiliated Associations have membership open to any professional statistician. The institute publishes a variety of books and journals, and holds an international conference every two years. The biennial convention was commonly known as the ISI Session; however, since 2011, it is now referred to as the ISI World Statistics Congress. The permanent office of the institute is located in the Statistics Netherlands building in Leidschenveen (The Hague), in the Netherlands. Specialized Associations ISI serves as an umbrella for seven specialized Associations: * Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability (BS) *International Association for Statistical Computing (IASC) *Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société D'économie Politique
The Société d’Economie Politique () is a French learned society concerned with political economy. It was founded in 1842 to provide a forum for discussion of free trade, a subject of violent debate at the time, and has continued to organize discussions on economic and social issues to the present day. History The Société d’Économie Politique was founded on 1 February 1842 in Paris. It was created by the followers of Jean-Baptiste Say to provide an open forum for debate on economics at a time when there were violent arguments over free trade. The society was led informally by Pellegrino Rossi as president and Count Ferdinand-Charles-Philippe d' Esterno (1805–83) as secretary. The debates were very academic in nature, and the society dissolved after a few meetings. Members included Louis Leclerc, Jean-Pierre Clément, Hippolyte Dusard, Louis Reybaud, Louis Wolowski, Léon Faucher, Horace Émile Say (1794–1860), son of Jean-Baptiste Say, Théodore Fix, Charles Dunoye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François De La Rocque
François de La Rocque (; 6 October 1885 – 28 April 1946) was the leader of the French right-wing league the Croix de Feu from 1930 to 1936 before he formed the more moderate nationalist French Social Party (1936–1940), which has been described by several historians, such as René Rémond and Michel Winock, as a precursor of Gaullism. Early life La Roque was born on 6 October 1885 in Lorient, Brittany, the third son of a family from Haute-Auvergne. His parents were General Raymond de La Rocque, commander of the artillery defending the Lorient Naval Base, and Anne Sollier. He entered Saint Cyr Military Academy in 1905 in a class known as "Promotion la Dernière du Vieux Bahut". He graduated in 1907 and was posted to Algeria and the edge of the Sahara and in 1912 to Lunéville. The next year, he was called to Morocco by General Hubert Lyautey. Despite the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, La Roque remained there until 1916 as officer of native affairs, when he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Mayrisch
Jacob Émile Albert Mayrisch (10 October 1862 – 5 March 1928) was a Luxembourgian industrialist and businessman. He served as president of Arbed. He was married to Aline de Saint-Hubert, who was a famous women's rights campaigner, socialite and philanthropist, and was President of the Luxembourg Red Cross. He died in a car accident at Châlons-sur-Marne, in France, in 1928. Life Émile Mayrisch's father was Edouard Mayrisch, a doctor at court, and his mother was Mathilde Metz, the daughter of Adolf Metz, and niece of Norbert Metz, an industrialist at Eich and Dommeldange, and a government minister. He grew up in Eich, which was in those days the industrial centre of Luxembourg. For his secondary education, he attended the Athénée de Luxembourg and the Institut Rachez in Belgium. From 1881 to 1885 he studied at the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule in Aachen, without graduating, as he did not sit the exams. In those days, however, it was possible in Luxembour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Thyssen
Friedrich "Fritz" Thyssen (9 November 1873 – 8 February 1951) was a German businessman, born into one of Germany's leading industrial families. He was an early supporter of the Nazi Party, but later broke with them. Biography Youth Thyssen was born in Mülheim in the Ruhr area. His father, August, was head of the Thyssen mining and steelmaking company, founded by his father Friedrich and based in the Ruhr city of Duisburg. Friedrich studied mining and metallurgy in London, Liège, and Berlin, and after a short period in the German Army, joined the family business. On 18 January 1900 in Düsseldorf he married Amelie Helle or Zurhelle ( Mülheim am Rhein, 11 December 1877 – Puchdorf bei Straubing, 25 August 1965), daughter of a factory owner. Their only child, Anna (Anita; later Anita Gräfin Zichy-Thyssen), was born in 1909. Thyssen again joined the army in 1914, but was soon discharged on account of a lung condition. Weimar Germany Thyssen was a German nationalist who su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humbert De Wendel
Humbert de Wendel (4 February 1876 – 14 November 1954) was a French steelmaker who came from a long line of Lorrainian industrialists. He and his brother François de Wendel were among the leaders of the French steel industry from before World War I until after World War II. Origins The de Wendel family can be traced back to Jean Wendel of Bruges, who married Marie de Wanderve around 1600. His descendants in the male line mostly pursued military careers. Jean's descendant Jean-Martin Wendel (1665–1737) purchased the factories of Le Comte in Hayange, Lorraine, in 1704. This was the foundation of the family's industrial operations. He was followed by eight generations of steelmakers. After the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, ''Les Petits-Fils de François de Wendel et Cie'' (PFFW) controlled the Wendel family's steel operations in Lorraine, while ''Wendel et Cie'' owned the French Wendel properties around Jœuf. Life Pre-war period (1876–1914) Jean Marie Humbert de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alanson B
Alanson ( ) is a village in Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 738 at the 2010 census. Alanson is in Littlefield Township on U.S. Highway 31 at the junction with M-68. Petoskey is about southwest on US 31 and Mackinaw City and the Mackinac Bridge are about north. Interstate 75 is about to the east on M-68 at Indian River. Alanson was first settled in 1875. The Alanson post office opened with the name ''Hinman'' on January 17, 1877, and changed to Alanson on June 22, 1882. Attractions Located on the Crooked River, Alanson is part of the Inland Water Route, which includes: Crooked, Burt and Mullett lakes, and the Crooked, Indian and Cheboygan rivers. The Inland Water Route Historical Society Museum is located in Alanson. Alanson also has a hillside garden located adjacent to the former Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad depot. The village has added a nice library in the community center. Both the town and the Crooked River are mentione ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Simons
Walter Simons (24 September 1861 – 14 July 1937) was a German lawyer and politician. He was Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic in 1920-21 and served as president of the ''Reichsgericht'' from 1922 to 1929. Early life Walter Simons was born on 24 September 1861 at Elberfeld (today Wuppertal) in the Prussian Rhine Province. His family were Huguenots who had come to the Rhineland after 1685. Walter's father was Ludwig Simons (1831-1905), a silk manufacturer. His mother was Helene Simons née Kyllmann (1842-1916). Walter Simons attended a '' Gymnasium'' at Elberfeld and attained the ''Abitur'' in 1879. He went on to study law, economics and history at Strasbourg, Leipzig and Bonn. Rudolph Sohm had an important influence on him. In 1882, he passed the ''Referendarexamen'' and then served in the military. In 1888, he passed the Prussian ''Assessorexamen'' and then served as an assistant judge at Bonn and Solingen. He married Erna Rühle (1870-1954) at Solingen in 1890. They had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Seydoux
Charles Louis Auguste Jacques Seydoux (1870–1929) was a French diplomat, economist and Director of Commercial Relations at the French Foreign Ministry. Seydoux was the son of Anne Elisabeth (Sers) and Louis Auguste Seydoux. He was the organiser of the Blockade Department during the First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ... and was Assistant Director for Commercial Affairs from May 1919 to October 1924. He was then Deputy Director of Political and Commercial Affairs from until December 1926. He was estimated by his colleagues as the most creative thinker on political matters and he wrote every major paper on economics at the Foreign Ministry for eight years. During the 1920s he was the chief reparations expert on the French side and was firmly in favour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( pl, Górny Śląsk; szl, Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; cs, Horní Slezsko; german: Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ; la, Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of (chronologically) Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526. In 1742 the greater part of Upper Silesia was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 1871 it became part of the German Empire. After the First World War the region was divided between Poland (East Upper Silesia) and Germany (West Upper Silesia). After the Second World War, West Upper Silesia also became Polish as the result of the Potsdam Conference. Geography Upper Silesia is situated on the upper Oder River, north o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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