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Charles Daniélou
Charles Léon Claude Daniélou (13 July 1878 – 30 December 1953) was a French politician who was Minister of the Merchant Marine in 1930–1931 and Minister of Health in 1932–1933). Early years Charles Léon Claude Daniélou came from a prosperous Breton family with the strong tradition of political activity. His great-grandfather, Jean-Marie Daniélou (1764–1814), was mayor of Locronan under Napoleon. His grandfather, Jean-Pierre Daniélou (1798–1864), was a notary in Locronan and then Douarnenez, where he was mayor during the French Second Republic from April 1848 to January 1949. His father, Eugène-Lucien-Napoléon Daniélou (1834–1897) was a wealthy wine merchant and one of the leading businessmen in Douarnenez, where he was several times mayor between 1855 and 1896. Eugène Daniélou was a militant Republican and atheist, and would not marry in church or allow his children to be baptized. Charles Léon Claude Daniélou was born on 13 July 1878 in Douarnenez, Fini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Merchant Marine (France)
The Minister of Merchant Marine (Ministre de la Marine marchande) was responsible for the department that administered the French Merchant Navy. Inter-war period Ministers in the period between the two world wars were: *3 November 1929 – 21 February 1930 : Louis Rollin *21 February 1930 – 2 March 1930 : Charles Daniélou *2 March 1930 – 13 December 1930 : Louis Rollin *13 December 1930 – 27 January 1931 : Charles Daniélou *27 January 1931 – 20 February 1932 : Louis de Chappedelaine *20 February 1932 – 3 June 1932 : Charles Guernier *3 June 1932 – 31 January 1933 : Léon Meyer *31 January 1933 – 26 October 1933 : Eugène Frot *26 October 1933 – 26 November 1933 : Jacques Stern (politician), Jacques Stern *26 November 1933 – 9 January 1934 : Eugène Frot *9 January 1934 – 30 January 1934 : William Bertrand *30 January 1934 – 9 February 1934 : Guy La Chambre *9 February 1934 – 1 June 1935 : William Bertrand *1 June 1935 – 7 June 1935 : François ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Barthou
Jean Louis Barthou (; 25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as Prime Minister of France for eight months in 1913. In social policy, his time as prime minister saw the introduction (in July 1913) of allowances to families with children. In 1917 and in 1934, Barthou also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Early life Louis Barthou was born on 25 August 1862 in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. Career Barthou served as a deputy from his home constituency and was an authority on trade-union history and law. He served as prime minister from 22 March 1913 to 9 December 1913. In social policy, Barthou's time as prime minister saw the passage of a law in June 1913 aimed at safeguarding women workers before and after childbirth. He also held ministerial office on 13 other occasions. He served as Foreign Minister in 1917 and 1934. He was the primary figure behind the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Izard
Georges Izard (17 June 1903, in Abeilhan, Hérault – 20 September 1973, in Paris) was a French politician, lawyer, journalist and essayist. Biography Izard was named chief of staff to Charles Daniélou, then the minister of the merchant marine, whose daughter he married in 1929. ON 26 April 1936, he was elected member of parliament as a candidate of the Frontist Party in Meurthe-et-Moselle against a candidate of the extreme-right, Pierre Amidieu du Clos. In November 1936, he founded the Frontist Party with Bergery. He left the Frontist party in November 1937 to join the SFIO.Liora IsraëlUn procès du Goulag au temps du Goulag ? L'affaire Kravchenko (1949) ''Critique internationale'', 2007/3 (), pages 85 à 101 In July 1938 he became technical adviser to the Socialist Federation of Meurthe-et-Moselle. In 1940, as a volunteer soldier, he was taken as a prisoner of war by the Germans. Released for reasons of health, he joined the resistance as part of the Organisation civile e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. Their most solemn responsibility is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves (with a few historical exceptions), when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. In addition, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories (which generally take place annually), in which matters of importance to the Church are considered and new cardinals may be created. Cardina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Daniélou
Jean-Guenolé-Marie Daniélou (; 14 May 1905 – 20 May 1974) was a French Jesuit and cardinal, an internationally well known patrologist, theologian and historian and a member of the Académie Française. Biography Early life and studies Jean-Guenolé-Marie Daniélou was born on 14 May 1905 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. He was the son of Charles Daniélou and Madeleine Clamorgan. His father was an anticlerical politician who several times as a minister served in the French government, while his mother was a Catholic educator and the founder of institutions for women's education. His brother Alain (1907–1994) was a noted Indologist and historian. Daniélou studied at the Sorbonne and passed his agrégation in grammar in 1927. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1929 and during his regency taught at a boys' school in Poitiers, from 1934 to 1936. He then studied theology at Fourvière in Lyon under Henri de Lubac, who introduced him to the specialized study of the Fathers of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Soleil (French Newspaper)
''Le Soleil'' ("The Sun") was a French daily newspaper. It was founded in 1873 and run by the journalists Édouard Hervé and Jean-Jacques Weiss. ''Le Soleil'' was a monarchist daily, more moderate than others, sold for five centimes at the end of the nineteenth and start of the twentieth century. It was located in the rue du Croissant. It was one of two French newspapers that gave the best coverage of international news, along with ''Le Temps''. History The newspaper had two founders and editors, Jean-Jacques Weiss ( 1827 - 1891) and Édouard Hervé (1835 - 1899), friends who had worked together on the Orleanist and liberal ''Journal de Paris''. They launched the first issue on 28 April 1867. Édouard Hervé, a member of the French Academy since 1886, former adviser and friend of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, was the owner-director of ''Le Soleil'' until his death in June 1899. He said, "I am Catholic, I even go to Church, but I do not want to serve it in my journal." Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Petit Journal (newspaper)
''Le Petit Journal'' was a conservative daily Parisian newspaper founded by Moïse Polydore Millaud; published from 1863 to 1944. Together with ''Le Petit Parisien'', '' Le Matin'', and ''Le Journal'', it was one of the four major French dailies. In 1890, during the Boulangiste crisis, its circulation first reached one million copies. Five years later, it had a circulation of two million copies, making it the world's largest newspaper.Ivan Chupin, Nicolas Hubé and Nicolas Kaciaf, ''Histoire politique et économique des médias en France'', La Découverte, 2009 History Early years The first issue of the Journal appeared on 1 February 1863 with a printing of 83,000 copies. Its founder, Millaud, was originally from Bordeaux and had begun as a publisher of financial and legal newsletters. For a few years, he was the owner of '' La Presse'', an early penny paper. The first printing ran to 83,000 copies; a large printing compared to the other serious newspapers. For example, ''Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligue De La Patrie Française
The Ligue de la patrie française (French Homeland League) was a French nationalist and anti- Dreyfus organization. It was officially founded in 1899, and brought together leading right-wing artists, scientists and intellectuals. The league fielded candidates in the 1902 national elections, but was relatively unsuccessful. After this it gradually became dormant. Its bulletin ceased publication in 1909. History Origins The League originated with three young academics, Louis Dausset, Gabriel Syveton and Henri Vaugeois, who wanted to show that Dreyfusism was not accepted by all at the University. They were opposed to the League for the Rights of Man, and wanted to show that not all intellectuals supported the Left, and the cause of the homeland was as valid as the cause of Dreyfus and the lay Republic. After an initial meeting on 25 October 1898 in Paris a section was quickly opened in Lille. They launched a petition that attacked Zola and what many saw as an internationalist, paci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
J'Accuse…!
"''J'Accuse...!''" (; "I Accuse...!") is an open letter that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper ''L'Aurore'' by Émile Zola in response to the Dreyfus affair. Zola addressed President of France Félix Faure and accused his Government of France, government of antisemitism and the unlawful jailing of Alfred Dreyfus, a French Army General Staff officer who was sentenced to lifelong penal servitude for espionage. Zola pointed out judicial errors and lack of serious evidence. The letter was printed on the front page of the newspaper and caused a stir in France and abroad. Zola was prosecuted for Defamation, libel and found guilty on 23 February 1898. To avoid imprisonment, he fled to England, returning home in June 1899. Other pamphlets proclaiming Dreyfus's innocence include Bernard Lazare's ''A Miscarriage of Justice: The Truth about the Dreyfus Affair'' (November 1896). As a result of the popularity of the letter, even in the English-speaking world, ''J'accuse!'' ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dreyfus Affair
The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francophone world, and it remains one of the most notable examples of a complex miscarriage of justice and antisemitism. The role played by the press and public opinion proved influential in the conflict. The scandal began in December 1894 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of treason. Dreyfus was a 35-year-old Alsatian French artillery officer of Jewish descent. He was falsely convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for communicating French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris, and was imprisoned on Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent nearly five years. In 1896, evidence came to light—primarily through an investigation made by Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage—which identified the real culprit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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