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Chaneti
Lazistan ( lzz, ლაზონა / ''Lazona'', ლაზეთი / ''Lazeti'', ჭანეთი / ''Ç'aneti''; ota, لازستان, ''Lazistān'') was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak, under Trebizond Vilayet, comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea. It covered modern day easternmost Trabzon, the land of contemporary Rize Province and the littoral of contemporary Artvin Province. History After the Ottoman conquest of Trebizond Empire and later Ottoman invasion of Guria in 1547, Laz populated area known as Lazia became its own distinctive area (sanjak) as part of eyalet of Trabzon, under the administration of a Governor who governed from the town of Rizaion (Rize). His title was "''Lazistan Mutasserif"''; in other words "''Governor of Lazistan"''. The Lazistan sanjak was divided into cazas, namely those of: Ofi, Rizaion, Athena, Hopa, Gonia and Batum. Not only the Pashas (governors) of Trabzon unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Invasion Of Guria
The Ottoman invasion of Guria was a remarkable event of the Ottoman Empire against the Principality of Guria, which resulted by occupation of the Chaneti (Lazistan Sanjak, Lazistan) and Adjara; maritime settlements of Gonio Fortress, Gonio and Batumi, in 1547. History In 1547, the Ottoman military imposed a blockade of Principality of Guria, Guria's coastline and occupied the maritime settlements of Gonio Fortress, Gonio and Batumi. Rostom Gurieli appealed for help to Bagrat III of Imereti and Levan I Dadiani, Prince of Principality of Mingrelia, Mingrelia. Levan I Dadiani collected the Principality of Abkhazia, Abkhazians and Odishi, Odishians to help Guria; he camped in the Rioni River, Rioni harbor. However, the king of Imereti, indignant at Rostom's earlier decline of a combined attack on Mingrelia, disrupted the nascent Dadiani–Gurieli accord. Left to his own devices, Rostom attacked, pushed the Ottoman forces beyond the Çoruh River, Chorokhi and forced them to evacuate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rize
Rize (Greek language, Greek: ρίζα, Laz language, Laz: რიზინი, Georgian language, Georgian: რიზე, , Ottoman Turkish: ريزه) is the capital city of Rize Province in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Rize is a typically Turkish provincial capital with little in the way of nightlife or entertainment. However the border with Georgia has been open since the early 1990s, the Black Sea coast road has been widened and the town is much wealthier than it used to be. Current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Recep Tayyıp Erdoğan's family has its roots in Rize and the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, local university is named after him. Rize is linked by road with Trabzon (41 miles [66 km] west), Hopa (55 miles [88 km] east on the Georgia (country), Georgian border, and Erzurum (south). Rize–Artvin Airport started operating in 2022. Name The name comes from Greek language, Greek (riza) or Ριζαίον (Rizaion), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak
Sanjaks (liwāʾ) (plural form: alwiyāʾ) * Armenian language, Armenian: նահանգ (''nahang''; meaning "province") * Bulgarian language, Bulgarian: окръг (''okrǔg''; meaning "county", "province", or "region") * el, Διοίκησις (''dioikēsis'', meaning "province") or επαρχία (''eparchia'', meaning "eparchy") * lad, sancak , group=note (; ota, ; Modern Turkish: ''Sancak'', ) were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. ''Sanjak'', and the variant spellings ''sandjak'', ''sanjaq'' and ''sinjaq'', are English language, English or French language, French transliterations of the Turkish language, Turkish word ''sancak'', meaning "district", "banner (country subdivision), banner" or "flag". Sanjaks were also called by the Arabic language, Arabic word for ''banner'' or ''flag'': ''Liwa (Arabic), liwa (Liwā or Liwā’)''. Ottoman provinces (eyalets, later vilayets) were divided into sanjaks (also called ''livas'') governed by sanjakbeys (also calle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trabzon
Trabzon (; Ancient Greek: Tραπεζοῦς (''Trapezous''), Ophitic Pontic Greek: Τραπεζούντα (''Trapezounta''); Georgian: ტრაპიზონი (''Trapizoni'')), historically known as Trebizond in English, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Persia in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast. The Venetian and Genoese merchants paid visits to Trabzon during the medieval period and sold silk, linen and woolen fabric. Both republics had merchant colonies within the city – Leonkastron and the former "Venetian castle" – that played a role to Trabzon similar to the one Galata played to Constantinople (modern Istanbul). Trabzon formed the basis of several states in its long history and was the capital city of the Empire of Trebizond between 1204 and 1461. Durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasha
Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitary, dignitaries, and others. As an honorific, honorary title, ''Pasha'', in one of its various ranks, is similar to a British Peerage of the United Kingdom, peerage or knighthood, and was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt. The title was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district. Etymology The English word "pasha" comes from Turkish language, Turkish ('; also ()). The Oxford Dictionaries (website), Oxford Dictionaries attributes the origin of the English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. Contrary to titles like emir (''amīr'') and bey (''beg''), which were es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonio Fortress
Gonio fortress ( ka, გონიოს ციხე, previously called Apsarus or Apsaros ( grc, Ἄψαρος) and Apsyrtus or Apsyrtos (Ἄψυρτος)) is a Roman fortification in Adjara, Georgia, on the Black Sea, 15 km south of Batumi, at the mouth of the Chorokhi river. The village sits 4 km north of the Turkish border. Its name was connected with the myth of Medea and her brother Absyrtus. The oldest reference to the fortress is by Pliny the Elder in the '' Natural History'' (1st century AD). There is also a reference to the ancient name of the site in Appian’s ''Mithridatic Wars''App. Mithr. 15.101. (2nd century AD). In the 2nd century AD it was a well-fortified Roman city within Colchis. The town was also known for its theatre and hippodrome. Procopius, writing in the 6th century, speaks of the remains of its public buildings as proving that it was once a place of some importance. It later came under Byzantine influence. The name "Gonio" is first attested ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hopa
Hopa ( Laz and , Hamshen ) is a city and district of Artvin Province in northeast Turkey. It is located on the eastern Turkish Black Sea coast about from the city of Artvin and 18 kilometres from the border with Georgia. Geography Hopa is on the Black Sea Coast from Artvin and from the Sarp border crossing (into Sarpi) on the Georgian border. The land climbs sharply from 10m above sea level in the coastal areas up into the Sultan Selim Mountains, the hillsides are well watered and green with alder, chestnuts, hornbeams and other deciduous trees. The highest point is Mt Yavuz Sultan Selim at 1513m. The climate is mild and wet, although only July and August are warm enough to be called summer. There is annual snowfall in winter. History The area was part of the kingdom of Colchis but was always vulnerable to invasions, first the Scythians from across the Caucasus, then the Muslim armies led by Habib, son of Caliph Uthman who controlled the area from 853 AD to 1023 when it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pazar, Rize
, settlement_type = Town , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , timezone = EET , utc_offset = +2 , map_caption = Location of Pazar, Rize within Turkey. , timezone_DST = EEST , utc_offset_DST = +3 , official_name = Pazar , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_blank_emblem = , blank_emblem_type = , image_map = Rize in Turkey.svg , subdivision_type1 = Region , subdivision_name1 = Black Sea , subdivision_type2 = Province , subdivision_name2 = Rize , leader_title = Mayor , leader_name = Ahmet Basa , leader_party = AKP , area_footnotes = , area_blank1_title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Of, Turkey
Of (, possibly from grc, Ὄφιούς ''Ophious'') is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located in the eastern part of Trabzon and is an important historical district of the province. The mayor is Salim Salih Sarıalioğlu ( AKP). Etymology and settlement origins There are several stories about the origins of Of's name. Of was called Ofis in 1910 by Pontic Greek speaking inhabitants. According to another view it means "village" or "settlement" in the Laz language (Laz: ''ოფუტე/oput'e''), as the old name of the town is mentioned as "Opiunte" on the Tabula Peutingeriana. By another version of events, the city got its name from a nearby river described by Arrian as ''Ophis'', a Greek word for "snake". The Ophius stream - which snakes (zigzags) its way from around 3300 meters altitude in the Pontic Mountains towards the coastal town of Of - was renamed as "Solaklı" during the 1950s Turkification process which is a common pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaza
A kaza (, , , plural: , , ; ota, قضا, script=Arab, (; meaning 'borough') * bg, околия (; meaning 'district'); also Кааза * el, υποδιοίκησις () or (, which means 'borough' or 'municipality'); also () * lad, kaza , group=note) is an administrative division historically used in the Ottoman Empire and is currently used in several of its successor states. The term is from Ottoman Turkish and means 'jurisdiction'; it is often translated 'district', 'sub-district' (though this also applies to a ), or 'juridical district'. Ottoman Empire In the Ottoman Empire, a kaza was originally a "geographical area subject to the legal and administrative jurisdiction of a '' kadı''. With the first Tanzimat reforms of 1839, the administrative duties of the ''kadı'' were transferred to a governor ''(kaymakam)'', with the ''kadıs'' acting as judges of Islamic law. In the Tanzimat era, the kaza became an administrative district with the 1864 Provincial Reform Law, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutasarrıf
Mutasarrif or mutesarrif ( ota, متصرّف, tr, mutasarrıf) was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district. The Ottoman rank of mutasarrif was established as part of a 1864 reform, and its holder was appointed directly by the Sultan. The administrative district under his authority, the mutasarrifate (English for ), was officially called a () in Turkish or () in Arabic.Meyers (1905–1909)Liwâ A mutasarrif was subordinate to a wali or governor-general of a province, while being of superior rank to a kaymakam.Meyers (1905–1909)Kaimakam Etymology Ottoman Turkish mutasarrıf is derived from the Arabic mutaṣarrif, meaning provincial governor.lexico.commutasarrif Accessed 11 Feb 2022. Mutaṣarrif is the active participle of taṣarrafa, meaning "to act without restriction", "have the right of disposing (over somebody or something)". History This administrative unit was sometimes independent (e.g. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured. The empire was at first divided into states called eyalets, presided over by a beylerbey (title equivalent to duke in Turkish) of three tails (feathers borne on a state officer's ceremonial staff). The grand vizier was responsible for nominating all the high officers of State, both in the capital and the states. Between 1861 and 1866, these eyalets were abolished, and the territory was divided for administrative purposes into vilayets (provinces). The eyalets were subdivided into districts called livas or sanjaks, each of which was under the charge of a pasha of one tail, with the title of mira-lira, or sanjak-bey. These provinces were usually called pashaliks by Europeans. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_4.017_Vilayet_of_Hüdavendigâr.jpg "Click for more on -> Mutasarrıf")
_1803.jpg "Click for more on -> Eyalet")