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Chancellor Of Justice (Estonia)
The Estonian Chancellor of Justice ''(Estonian: Õiguskantsler)'' is an independent supervisor of the basic principles of the Constitution of Estonia and the protector of individual rights. The institution seeks to ensure that authorities fulfil the obligations deriving from the principles of the rule of law and protection of human and social rights, human dignity, freedom, equality and democracy. The Chancellor of Justice is appointed to office by the Riigikogu on the proposal of the President. History The institution of the Chancellor of Justice was originally established by the 1938 Constitution but ceased to operate in Estonia during the Soviet era. Re-established in 1993, it combines the function of the general body of petition and the guardian of constitutionality. Such a combined competence is unique internationally. The institution is independent of the legislative, executive or judicial powers, and reviews the application of the legislative and executive powers of the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ãœlle Madise
Ülle Madise (née Anton; born 11 December 1974) is an Estonian lawyer who has served as Chancellor of Justice since 2015. Madise is the daughter of former member of the Supreme Court of Estonia Tõnu Anton. In December 2021 Madise was re-appointed by the Riigikogu for a second term as Chancellor of Justice.Turovski, MarcusRiigikogu appoints Ülle Madise for second justice chancellor term.''ERR News.'' Retrieved 15 December 2021 Biography Her father is Tõnu Anton, a former member of the Supreme Court of Estonia and signatory of the ratification of the Estonian restoration of Independence. Ülle Madise is also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Tartu. Education Madise graduated in 1993 from Tartu Descartes School and in 1998 received a ''cum laude'' from the University of Tartu, Faculty of Law. Work * 1997–1998 Specialist, Department of Public Law, Ministry of Justice * 1998–2002 Head of the Department of Public Law, Ministry of Justice * 2001–2005 Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Estonia
The president of the Republic of Estonia ( et, Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. The current president is Alar Karis, elected by Parliament on 31 August 2021, replacing Kersti Kaljulaid. Estonia is one of the few parliamentary republics in which the president is a ceremonial figurehead without even nominal executive powers. The president is obliged to suspend their membership in any political party for the term in office. Upon assuming office, the authority and duties of the president in all other elected or appointed offices terminate automatically. These measures should theoretically help the president to function in a more independent and impartial manner. The president holds office for five years. They may be elected any number of times, but not more than twice consecutively. In Estonia, the president is elected by the Riigikogu; [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (; from Estonian ''riigi-'', of the state, and ''kogu'', assembly) is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the Prime Minister and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the President. The ''Riigikogu'' also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations, bring about changes in the law, etc.; approves the budget presented by the government as law and monitors the executive power. History History April 23, 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia. Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections were fixed for the first Sunda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Estonia
Constitution of Estonia is the fundamental law of the Republic of Estonia and establishes the state order as that of a democratic republic where the supreme power is vested in its citizens. The first Constitution was adopted by the freely elected Estonian Constituent Assembly on 15 June 1920 and came into force on 21 December 1920. Heavily amended on 24 January 1934, following a referendum in 1933, it was in force until the second Constitution was enacted on 1 January 1938. It remained in force, ''de facto'', until 16 June 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied Estonia and, ''de jure'', until 28 June 1992, when the third and current Constitution of the Republic of Estonia was adopted by referendum. History First Constitution (1920–1933/38) The first Constitution was a reflection of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's idea of national sovereignty. Power was split between the judiciary, the executive and the legislature according to the principles of Montesquieu. The Constitution provided f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Palvadre
Anton Palvadre (25 March 1886 – 16 January 1942) was an Estonian lawyer and politician. Life Palvadre was born in Korijärve, Kreis Dorpat (now Valga Parish). In 1906 he graduated from . In 1908 he was imprisoned by the tsarist authorities for reasons of revolutionary activity in Tartu and Riga. In 1911 Palvadre graduated from the Law Faculty of the University of Tartu and then worked as a lawyer. During World War I he served as a Russian officer on the front line and was in a German prison for three years. In 1919 he became one of the leading heads of the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party. He was an editor of the Sotsiaaldemokrat, an Estonian socialist newspaper. The Soviet authorities arrested Palvadre on June 14, 1941, and he was deported to Russia. He was sent to a Soviet Union prison. He died in January 1942 in a "reform and labor camp" in the Sverdlovsk Oblast. Personal life Palvadre had five brothers. Rein Palvadre, Jaan Palvadre, Peeter Palvadre, Jakob Palvadre, Juha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts. However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states tend not to have a single highest court. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia. On the other hand, in some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the supreme courts of several Canadian provinces/territories, and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Convention Against Torture
The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT)) is an international human rights treaty under the review of the United Nations that aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world. The Convention requires member states to take effective measures to prevent torture in any territory under their jurisdiction, and forbids member states to transport people to any country where there is reason to believe they will be tortured. The text of the convention was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1984 and, following ratification by the 20th state party, it came into force on 26 June 1987. 26 June is now recognized as the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, in honor of the convention. Since the convention's entry into force, the absolute prohibition against torture a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ombudsman
An ombudsman (, also ,), ombud, ombuds, ombudswoman, ombudsperson or public advocate is an official who is usually appointed by the government or by parliament (usually with a significant degree of independence) to investigate complaints and attempt to resolve them, usually through recommendations (binding or not) or mediation. Ombudsmen sometimes also aim to identify systemic issues leading to poor service or breaches of people's rights. At the national level, most ombudsmen have a wide mandate to deal with the entire public sector, and sometimes also elements of the private sector (for example, contracted service providers). In some cases, there is a more restricted mandate, for example with particular sectors of society. More recent developments have included the creation of specialized children's ombudsmen. In some countries, an inspector general, citizen advocate or other official may have duties similar to those of a national ombudsman and may also be appointed by a legi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Övel .
Richard Övel (21 November 1894 – 11 January 1957) was the Chancellor of Justice of Estonia from 1944 to 1949. He was appointed the position of Chancellor of Justice in September 1944 when Prime Minister Jüri Uluots appointed a new government headed by Otto Tief Otto Tief ( – 5 March 1976) was an Estonian politician, military commander (during the Estonian War of Independence), and a lawyer. Tief was the acting prime minister of the last government of Estonia References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ovel, Richard 1894 births 1957 deaths Place of birth missing ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artur Mägi
Artur Mägi (August 29, 1904 - November 9, 1981) was an Estonian legal scientist and the Chancellor of Justice of Estonia while it was in exile. Biography Mägi studied at the University of Tartu, Faculty of law from 1923 to 1929. In 1944 Mägi fled with his wife to Sweden. From 1953 to 1963 Mägi was a lecturer at the Estonian Scientific Institute ( et, Eesti Teaduslik Instituut). He was also a member of the .Ero Liivik. Tänavu möödub 25 aastat Eesti õigusteadlase Artur Mägi surmast. Eesti Päevaleht ''Eesti Päevaleht'' ''("Estonia Daily")'' is a major daily Estonian newspaper, from the same publishers as the weekly '' Eesti Ekspress''. It has a daily circulation of around 36,000. History and profile ''Eesti Päevaleht'' was founded on 5 Ju ... Retrieved 2017-09-18. From 1949 to 1981 was the Chancellor of Justice of Estonia while it was in exile. Personal life Mägi married Lydia Taevere in 1931. References 1904 births 1981 deaths Estonian emigrants to S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Government-in-exile
The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991 and 1992. It traced its legitimacy through constitutional succession to the last Estonian government in power prior to the Soviet invasion of 1940. During its existence, it was the internationally recognized government of Estonia. Background The USSR occupied Estonia on June 14, 1940. Soviet authorities arrested President Konstantin Päts and deported him to the USSR where he died in prison in 1956. Many members of the current and past governments were deported or executed, including eight former heads of state and 38 ministers. Those who survived went underground. Sham elections were held on 14–15 July 1940 for a "People's ''Riigikogu''," in which voters were presented with a single list dominated by communists. This election is now considered illegal and u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eerik-Juhan Truuväli
Eerik-Juhan Truuväli (7 March 1938 – 25 June 2019) was an Estonian lawyer and professor of legal theory at the University of Tartu. From 1989 to 1993 he was the chairman of the Estonian National Electoral Committee. From 1993 to 2000 he was the Chancellor of Justice of Estonia. Honors * 2000 Order of the National Coat of Arms * 2001 Ida-Virumaa Order () * 2006 Order of the White Star The Order of the White Star ( et, Valgetähe teenetemärk; french: Ordre de l'Etoile Blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Truuväli, Eerik-Juhan 1938 births 2019 deaths Ombudsmen in Estonia 20th-century Estonian lawyers Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 2nd Class Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 3rd Class 20th-century Estonian politicians 21st-century Estonian politicians Academic staff of the Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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