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Chak Tok Ichʼaak I
Chak Tok Ichʼaak IThe ruler's name, when transcribed, is CHAK-TOK-ICHʼA꞉K, translated "Great Misty? Claw", Martin & Grube 2008, p.28. also known as Great Paw, Great Jaguar Paw, and Toh Chak Ichʼak (died 14 January 378) was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on 7 August 360? and reigned until his death in 378, apparently at the hands of invaders from central Mexico.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Accession: 8.16.3.10.2 11 Ikʼ 10 Sek and Death: 8.17.1.4.12 11 Eb 15 Mak, Martin & Grube 2008, p.28.Martin & Grube 2008, p.28. Born to Kʼinich Muwaan Jol and Lady Bahlam Way, Chak Tok Ichʼaak I is one of Tikal's best known kings. His name is recorded on a number of ceramic pieces and stelae. Stela 39, which was discovered by archaeologists in the Mundo Perdido complex, was produced to commemorate the Kʼatun ending in 376. It depicts the king standing upon a bound captive while holding an ax decorated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ajaw
Ajaw or Ahau ('Lord') is a pre-Columbian Maya political title attested from epigraphic inscriptions. It is also the name of the 20th day of the ''tzolkʼin'', the Maya divinatory calendar, on which a ruler's ''kʼatun''-ending rituals would fall. Background The word is known from several Mayan languages both those in pre-Columbian use (such as in Classic Maya), as well as in their contemporary descendant languages (in which there may be observed some slight variations). "Ajaw" is the modernised orthography in the standard revision of Mayan orthography, put forward in 1994 by the Guatemalan ''Academia de Lenguas Mayas'', and now widely adopted by Mayanist scholars. Before this standardisation, it was more commonly written as "Ahau", following the orthography of 16th-century Yucatec Maya in Spanish transcriptions (now ''Yukatek'' in the modernised style). In the Maya hieroglyphics writing system, the representation of the word ''ajaw'' could be as either a logogram, or spelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Acropolis, Tikal
The North Acropolis of the ancient Maya city of Tikal in Guatemala is an architectural complex that served as a royal necropolis and was a centre for funerary activity for over 1300 years. The acropolis is located near the centre of the city and is one of the most studied of Maya architectural complexes. Excavations were carried out from 1957 to 1969 by the University of Pennsylvania, directed by Edwin M. Shook and William Coe.Martin and Grube 2000, p. 43. The first traces of human activity at the site date to approximately 800 BCE, with the first structures being built about 350 BCE. Around 250 CE the complex underwent a major redevelopment with the construction of a massive basal platform that supported a cluster of temples; this was followed around 450 CE by the addition of a row of four pyramids on a terrace to the south of the main platform. A number of royal tombs have been excavated that have been identified with named kings, including the tombs of Yax Nuun Ayiin I (rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th-century Monarchs In North America
The 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini/Common era) was the time period which lasted from 301 ( CCCI) through 400 ( CD). In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who became the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity. Gaining sole reign of the empire, he is also noted for re-establishing a single imperial capital, choosing the site of ancient Byzantium in 330 (over the current capitals, which had effectively been changed by Diocletian's reforms to Milan in the West, and Nicomedeia in the East) to build the city soon called Nova Roma (New Rome); it was later renamed Constantinople in his honor. The last emperor to control both the eastern and western halves of the empire was Theodosius I. As the century progressed after his death, it became increasingly apparent that the empire had changed in many ways since the time of Augustus. The two emperor system originally established by Diocletian in the previous century fell into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Century In The Maya Civilization , or The Fourth of July
{{Disambiguation ...
Fourth or the fourth may refer to: * the ordinal form of the number 4 * ''Fourth'' (album), by Soft Machine, 1971 * Fourth (angle), an ancient astronomical subdivision * Fourth (music), a musical interval * ''The Fourth'' (1972 film), a Soviet drama See also * * * 1/4 (other) * 4 (other) * The fourth part of the world (other) * Forth (other) * Quarter (other) * Independence Day (United States) Independence Day ( colloquially the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence, which was ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of Tikal
The known rulers of Tikal, a major centre of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization in modern-day Guatemala: Late Preclassic * Yax Ehb' Xok – c. AD 60 (90?; see article), dynastic founder * Siyaj Chan K'awil Chak Ich'aak ("Stormy Sky I") – c. 2nd century * Yax Ch’aktel Xok – c. 200 Early Classic * Balam Ajaw ("Decorated Jaguar") – AD 292 * K'inich Ehb' – c. AD 300 * Siyaj Chan K'awiil I - c. AD 307 * Unen Bahlam ("Queen Jaguar") – AD 317 * "Leyden Plate Ruler" – AD 320 * K'inich Muwaan Jol – died AD 359 * Chak Tok Ich'aak I ("Jaguar Paw I") – c.a. 360-378. He died on the same day that Siyah K'ak' arrived in Tikal. * Yax Nuun Ayiin I – AD 379-404, the son of a foreign noble. * Siyaj Chan K'awiil II ("Stormy Sky II") – AD 411-456. Son of Yax Nuun Ayiin I. * K'an Chitam ("Kan Boar") – AD 458-486. * Ma'Kin-na Chan – ca. late 5th century. * Chak Tok Ich'aak II ("Jaguar Paw Skull") – AD 486-508. Married to "Lady Hand". * Ix Kalo'mte' Ix Yo K'in ("L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts. It also publishes books on archaeology, history, and popular culture. Headquartered in London, it has a sister company in New York City, and subsidiaries in Melbourne, Singapore, and Hong Kong. In Paris it has a sister company, Éditions Thames & Hudson, and a subsidiary called Interart which distributes English-language books. The Thames & Hudson group currently employs approximately 150 staff in London and approximately 65 more around the world. The publishing company was founded in 1949 by Walter and Eva Neurath, who aimed to make the world of art and the research of top scholars available to a wider public. The company's name reflects its international presence, particularly in London and New York. It remains an independent, family-owned company, and is one of the largest publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Teotihuacán'') (; ) is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, northeast of modern-day Mexico City. Teotihuacan is known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas, namely Pyramid of the Sun and Pyramid of the Moon. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the first millennium (1 CE to 500 CE), Teotihuacan was the largest city in the Americas, with a population estimated at 125,000 or more, making it at least the sixth-largest city in the world during its epoch. The city covered eight square miles (21 km2), and 80 to 90 percent of the total population of the valley resided in Teotihuacan. Apart from the pyramids, Teotihuacan is also anthropologically significant for its complex, multi-family residential compounds, the Avenue of the Dead, and its vibrant, well-prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siyaj Kʼakʼ
Siyaj Kʼakʼ (alternative spelling: Siyah Kʼakʼ), also known as Fire is Born (formerly nicknamed "''Smoking Frog''"), was a prominent political figure mentioned in the glyphs of Classic Period () Maya civilization monuments, principally Tikal (which he conquered in January 378), as well as Uaxactun and the city of Copan. Epigraphers originally identified him by the nickname "Smoking Frog", a description of his name glyph, but later deciphered it as ''Siyaj Kʼakʼ'', meaning "Fire is born". He is believed by some to have been the general of the Teotihuacano ruler Spearthrower Owl. Overview Originally from Teotihuacan or very closely allied with that city, Siyaj Kʼakʼ was a warlord in the Maya heartland of the Petén (modern Guatemala) during the fourth century. In 378 and 379 he oversaw the replacing of the kings of important Maya states such as Tikal, Uaxactun and Copan with new rulers who claimed descent from Spearthrower Owl, possibly the ruler of Teotihuacan. As Fire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Acropolis
The Central Acropolis of the ancient Maya city of Tikal is an architectural complex located immediately to the south of the Great Plaza.Harrison 2001, p. 200. Tikal is one of the most important archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization and is located in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The complex served dual administrative and residential purposes. The Central Acropolis was first established in the Late Preclassic period (c. 350 BC – 250 AD) of Mesoamerican chronology,Harrison 2001, p. 201. and it remained in use until approximately 950 AD.Harrison 2003a, p. 184. The Central Acropolis housed Tikal royal families. From its earliest period of use, the eastern portion of what later became the Central Acropolis was used as a royal residence, and by the Early Classic period (c. 250 – 550 AD) it was the location of an important residential palace complex. The inhabitants of Tikal levelled out the natural bedrock underlying the Central Acro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Temblor
El Temblor is an archaeological site in Petén Department, Guatemala which was once the location of a settlement of the Maya civilization. First recorded in 1974 by Ian Graham of Harvard University's Peabody Museum, the site represents a medium-sized and compact settlement about south-south-east of the ruined Mayan city of Tikal and about north-east of the ruins of Ixlu. It is situated in a wooded area called Paso del Carmen, a few kilometers east of the modern village of . It is designated TMB in the ''Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions''. Description The ruins at El Temblor consist of at least three groups of collapsed structures or platforms on a north-south axis. The northernmost group, designated as Group A, is clustered in a wooded hilltop and includes a pyramid standing over high. A long structure similar to a palace, at least in length, is situated to its north-east. A damaged stela stands east of the pyramid. Group B is located in a lower and flatter area to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼatun
A ''kʼatun'' (, ) is a unit of time in the Maya calendar equal to 20 ''tuns'' or 7200 days, equivalent to 19.713 tropical years. It is the second digit on the normal Maya long count date. For example, in the Maya Long Count date 12.19.13.15.12 (December 5, 2006), the number 19 is the ''kʼatun''. There are 20 ''k'atuns'' in a ''baktun''. The end of a kʼatun was marked by numerous ceremonies and, at Tikal, the construction of large twin pyramid complexes to host them. The kʼatun was also used to reckon the age of rulers. Those who lived to see four (or five) kʼatuns would take the title 4-(or 5-)kʼatun ruler. In the Postclassic period when the full Long Count gave way to the Short Count, the Maya continued to keep a reckoning of kʼatuns, differentiating them by the Calendar Round The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in many modern communities in the Guatemalan highlands, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico. The essentials of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chak Tok Ichʼaak II
Chak Tok Ichʼaak II,The ruler's name, when transcribed is CHAK-TOK-ICHʼA꞉K, translated "Great Misty? Claw", Martin & Grube 2008, p.37. also known as Jaguar Paw II and Jaguar Paw Skull (died 24 July 508), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne and reigned until his death.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating, vigesimal (base 20) and octodecimal (base 18) calendar used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya. For this reason, it is often known as the May ..., Death: 9.3.13.12.5 13 Chikchan 13 Xul, Martin & Grube 2008, p.37. He was son of Kʼan Chitam and Lady Tzutz Nik. The monuments associated with Chak Tok Ichʼaak II are Stelae 3, 7, 15, 21, and possibly 26.Martin & Grube 2008, p.37. Notes Footnotes References * Rulers of Tikal 5th century in the Maya civilization 6th century in the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
