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Centruroides Bonito
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * ''Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * ''Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Armas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Striped Bark Scorpion
The striped bark scorpion (''Centruroides vittatus'') is an extremely common scorpion found throughout the midsection of the United States and northern Mexico. It is perhaps the most frequently encountered scorpion in the U.S. Appearance A medium-sized scorpion that is rarely longer than 70 mm (up to around 2 3/4 in), the striped bark scorpion is a uniform pale-yellow scorpion that can be identified by two dark, longitudinal stripes on its carapace, with a dark triangle above the ocular tubercle. Minor variations on this theme occur, however; specimens that are lighter-colored and lack the characteristic stripes have been described as separate species in the past. Their color suits their environment well, providing them with a natural camouflage from predators as well as prey. Males have a pectinal tooth count of 21–30, while females count 20–27. Distribution and habitat The natural geographic distribution of ''C. vittatus'' is formed by several adjoining South-Central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insultsSpencer 2000 that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue.Olney 2002 The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contacted, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate,Choi 1987 nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin,Simpson 1986 and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations. Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Barbudensis
''Centruroides barbudensis'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. It possesses excitatory neurotoxins that act on sodium and potassium channels. Toxic catecholamine-release can cause adrenergic cardiac effects. Distribution This species is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. It is found in Sombrero, Anguilla, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe and Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in ... References Buthidae Animals described in 1898 Centruroides {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Baracoae
''Centruroides baracoae'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1339 species as of 2022. A few very large genera (''Ananteris'', '' Centruroides'', '' Compsobuthus'', or '' Tityus'') are known, but a high number of species-poor .... References baracoae Animals described in 1976 {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Bani
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * '' Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * '' Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Arma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Balsasensis
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * '' Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * '' Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Arma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Baergi
''Centruroides baergi'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. They are commonly found in highlands and are almost exclusively found in the states of Oaxaca and southern Puebla, Mexico. ''C. baergi'' is the most abundant scorpion of the genus in the state of Oaxaca, making up a third of ''Centruroides'' reported between 2008 and 2014. Venom The three main toxins that make up the venom of ''C. baergi are beta toxins.'' These toxins modify the activation threshold of sodium channels, making the channels more likely to open when normally they would not. Since sodium channels are widely found in the peripheral nervous system, their opening can lead to severe autonomic dysfunction Dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the functioning of the heart, bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has .... The two most harmful of these toxins can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Arctimanus
''Centruroides arctimanus'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. They dwell in arid coastal areas and islands, from desert steppes to dry coastal forests. The scorpion meet under rocks and fallen trees, and less often under bark. The length of adult males is 30–55 mm and females is 30–40 mm. The entire scorpion is yellow with dark spots of various shapes; on the mesosome Mesosomes or chondrioids are folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy. Although several functions were proposed for these struc ... and pedipalps, there are usually three longitudinal lines, the cephalothorax, chelicera, legs, and the bottom of the metasoma. The tonality of dark spots in various individuals can vary. In captivity, the species can live up to 2–3 years. References arctimanus Animals described in 1976 {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Anchorellus
''Centruroides anchorellus'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1339 species as of 2022. A few very large genera (''Ananteris'', ''Centruroides'', '' Compsobuthus'', or '' Tityus'') are known, but a high number of species-poor o .... References anchorellus Animals described in 1976 {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Altagraciae
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * '' Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * '' Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Arma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Alayoni
''Centruroides alayoni'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. Description Centruroides alayoni is a moderate-sized scorpion, with a typical length of . Its sandy dull brown colour matches the surrounding environment, giving it camouflage protection. Its pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") an ...s are small relative to its size, indicating that it instead uses its stinger to subdue its prey. It has a potent venom, capable of killing a dog in a single sting, if not a human. References alayoni Animals described in 1999 Arthropods of the Caribbean Arthropods of the Dominican Republic {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euscorpius
''Euscorpius'' is a genus of scorpions, commonly called small wood-scorpions. It presently contains 65 species and is the type genus of the family Euscorpiidae – long included in the ChactidaeRein (2008a) – and the subfamily Euscorpiinae. The most common members belong to the '' E. carpathicus'' species complex, which makes up the subgenus '' Euscorpius''. This group is widespread from North Africa and Spain to temperate Eurasia from England and northern France through the Czech Republic to Russia. The species range in colour from yellow-brown to dark brown. Many are brown with yellow legs and stinger. The largest is '' E. italicus'' at 5 cm (2 in), and the smallest is '' E. germanus'' at 1.5 cm (0.6 in). The venom of ''Euscorpius'' species is generally very weak, with effects similar to a mosquito bite. Some smaller specimens may not even be able to puncture the human skin with their stings. Species ''Euscorpius'' contains the following sixty-five s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
